Igor Stravinsky: biography thiab duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Igor Stravinsky, uas nws biography yog nthuav nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, yog ib tug zoo heev Lavxias teb sab composer, pianist thiab neeg xyuas pib. Nws yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm suab paj nruag modernism. Igor Fedorovich yog ib tus neeg sawv cev loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb kos duab.

Biography

In 1882, Lub Rau Hli 17, Igor Stravinsky yug. Ib tug luv luv biography ntawm lub composer niam txiv muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm qhov twg tus tub muaj xws li ib tug craving rau suab paj nruag. Nws txiv - Fedor Ignatievich - yog ib tug neeg hu nkauj opera, soloist ntawm Mariinsky Theatre, Honored Artist ntawm Russia. Niam Anna Kirillovna yog ib tug pianist. Nws koom nrog nws tus txiv concerts raws li ib tug accompanist. Tsev neeg tuav cov kws ua yeeb yam, ntaus suab paj nruag thiab sau ntawv hauv lawv lub tsev. F. M. Dostoevsky yog ib tug nquag tuaj xyuas Stravinskys. Txij li thaum yau, Igor Stravinsky kuj tau txuas nrog suab paj nruag. Daim duab ntawm tus kws sau ntawv niam txiv tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus no.

Thaum muaj 9 xyoos, tus kws sau nkauj yav tom ntej pib kawm piano. Thaum Igor Fedorovich kawm tiav high school, nws niam nws txiv hais tias nws tau txais kev cai lij choj degree.kev kawm. Lub neej yav tom ntej composer kawm nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg University thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tus kheej kawm txog suab paj nruag thiab theoretical disciplines. Nws tsuas yog sau lub tsev kawm ntawv yog cov chav kawm ntiag tug uas Igor Fedorovich coj los ntawm Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov. Raws li kev coj ntawm tus txiv neej zoo no, I. Stravinsky tau sau thawj tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv 1914, Igor Fedorovich tawm nrog nws tsev neeg rau Switzerland. Tsis ntev tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib pib, vim tias Stravinskys tsis rov qab los rau Russia. Ib xyoos tom qab, tus kws sau ntawv tau tsiv mus rau Fabkis. Txij li thaum 1936, Igor Fedorovich pib mus ncig teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II tau pib, nws tau tsiv mus nyob rau Asmeskas. Xyoo 1944, I. Stravinsky tau ua ib qho txawv txav ntawm US anthem thiab ua haujlwm ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj. Rau qhov no nws raug ntes. Nws tau them nyiaj nplua rau kev ua kom lub suab paj nruag distorting. Tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej nyiam tsis tshaj tawm qhov tshwm sim thiab ib txwm hais tias qhov tseeb tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li ntawd. Xyoo 1945, tus kws sau ntawv tau txais kev ua pej xeem Asmeskas. Igor Fedorovich tuag nyob rau hauv 1971. Qhov ua rau tuag yog lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm. Tus kws sau nkauj tau faus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntawm San Michele toj ntxas hauv Venice.

Ntuj tsim txiaj

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov, Igor Stravinsky tau sau nws thawj zaug. Tus kws sau nkauj tau nthuav tawm lawv rau pej xeem, thiab Sergei Diaghilev tau nyob ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kev ua yeeb yam no. Nws txaus siab rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm Igor Stravinsky. Tsis ntev nonto moo impresario muab kev koom tes Igor Fedorovich. Nws txib kom nws sau nkauj rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam rau nws "Lavxias Seasons" hauv Paris. I. Stravinsky tau koom tes nrog S. Diaghilev tau peb xyoos thiab lub sijhawm no nws tau sau peb lub ballets rau nws pab pawg, uas ua rau nws nto moo: The Rite of Spring, Petrushka thiab Firebird. Nyob rau hauv 1924, Igor Fedorovich ua nws debut raws li ib tug pianist. Igor Stravinsky ua nws tus kheej ua haujlwm, Concerto rau Piano thiab Brass Band, ntawm theem. Tus neeg xyuas pib tau tshwm sim hauv nws txawm tias ua ntej ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm no, nws ua los ntawm 1915 txog 1926. Nws tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej ua haujlwm. Nws yog heev demanding ntawm musicians. Nyob rau xyoo 1950 thiab 1960, ib qho kev kaw suab ntawm feem ntau ntawm nws cov nkauj tau tsim. Xyoo 1962, I. Stravinsky tuaj ncig xyuas USSR.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Xyoo 1906, tus kws sau nkauj tau sib yuav nws tus npawg, Ekaterina Nosenko. Nws yog kev sib yuav ntawm kev hlub loj. Stravinskys muaj plaub tug me nyuam: Milena, Lyudmila, Svyatoslav thiab Fedor. Cov tub ua yeeb yam nto moo. Fedor yog ib tug artist, thiab Svyatoslav yog pianist thiab composer. Tus ntxhais Lyudmila yog tus poj niam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Yuri Mandelstam. Vim qhov tseeb tias Catherine raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev noj, Stravinskys tawm mus rau lub caij ntuj no hauv Switzerland, cov huab cua ntub dej ntawm St. Petersburg tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Xyoo 1914, Igor Fedorovich thiab nws tsev neeg yuav tsum nyob hauv Switzerland ntev, lawv tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau Russia vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, tom qab ntawd muaj kev hloov pauv. Tag nrho koj cov khoom thiab cov nyiaj uas tseem nyob hauvRussia, tsev neeg poob. Qhov tseeb no tau pom tias yog kev puas tsuaj los ntawm Igor Stravinsky. Tus kws sau ntawv tsev neeg loj heev, thiab lawv txhua tus yuav tsum tau noj. Ntxiv rau nws tus poj niam thiab plaub tus menyuam, kuj muaj ib tug muam, xeeb ntxwv thiab niam. I. Stravinsky thaum lub sij hawm no tsis tau txais cov nuj nqis rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm nws cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws tshwm sim vim nws emigrated. Tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm luam tawm nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws raug tso cai ua tsis tau them nyiaj rau tus sau. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov teeb meem nyiaj txiag, Igor Stravinsky tau tsim cov ntawv tshiab ntawm nws cov ntawv sau. Tus kheej lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tsis yog tsis muaj dab tsi. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog kev sib raug zoo nrog Coco Chanel. Thaum I. Stravinsky yuav luag tsis muaj kev noj qab haus huv, Mademoiselle pab nws. Nws caw tus kws sau nkauj thiab nws tsev neeg los nyob hauv nws lub villa. Igor Fedorovich nyob nrog Mademoiselle Chanel tau ob xyoos. Nws txhawb nqa lub koom haum ntawm I. Stravinsky concerts thiab txhawb nqa nws tsev neeg. Thaum tus kws sau ntawv tsis nyob hauv nws lub tsev, rau lwm 13 xyoos Koko xa nyiaj rau nws txhua hli. Tag nrho cov no ua rau muaj lus xaiv txog lawv txoj kev sib hlub. Tsis tas li ntawd, Coco yog ib tug poj niam hlub. Tab sis cov lus xaiv no tsis zoo li yuav muaj tseeb. I. Stravinsky tsuas yog txaus siab rau cov nyiaj ntawm tus poj niam Fabkis.

Xyoo 1939, tus poj niam ntawm Igor Fedorovich tuag. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm I. Stravinsky tau sib yuav dua. Nws tus poj niam thib ob yog ib tug phooj ywg qub ntawm tus sau - Vera Arturovna Sudeikina.

Russian lub sijhawm hauv kev muaj tswv yim

Igor Stravinsky, uas nws cov duab tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no, thawj theem ntawm nws txoj haujlwm kev loj hlob yog1908-1923 - sau feem ntau yog ballets thiab operas. Lub sijhawm no ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog hu ua "Lavxias teb sab". Tag nrho cov hauj lwm sau los ntawm nws nyob rau lub sij hawm no muaj ntau yam sib xws. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj motifs thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg. Tus neeg ntaus pob The Firebird qhia meej meej txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov muaj nyob hauv cov haujlwm ntawm N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov.

Neoclassical lub sijhawm hauv kev muaj tswv yim

Ntawm no yog theem tom ntej ntawm kev txhim kho tus kws sau ntawv txoj kev muaj tswv yim. Nws kav mus txog rau xyoo 1954. Opera "Mavra" tso lub hauv paus rau nws. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub sijhawm no yog qhov rov xav txog cov qauv thiab cov qauv hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Thaum kawg ntawm lub sij hawm no, nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws ua hauj lwm, tus composer tig mus rau ancient tim Nkij teb chaws, mus rau lub mythology ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws. Ballet "Orpheus" thiab opera "Persephone" tau sau. Cov hauj lwm kawg ntawm I. Stravinsky, hais txog neoclassicism, yog Txoj Kev Lom Zem ntawm Rake. Nov yog kev ua yeeb yam raws li W. Hogarth cov duab kos.

Serial lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv creativity

Nyob rau hauv lub 50s, Igor Stravinsky pib siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm seriality. Lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm lub sijhawm no yog Cantata, sau rau ntawm nqe lus los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Askiv tsis paub. Hauv nws, tag nrho polyphonization hauv suab paj nruag yog pom tseeb. Tom qab ua hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no yog kiag li serial, nyob rau hauv uas tus composer kiag li tso tseg tonality. "Kev quaj ntsuag ntawm tus Yaj Saub Yelemis" yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm dodecaphone.

Musical Theatre Works

Daim npe ntawm operas, ballets, fairy tales thiab scenes sau los ntawm composer Igor Stravinsky:

• Kab tshoob (libretto los ntawm Igor Stravinsky).
• "Ballet scenes".
• "Petrushka" (libretto los ntawm A. Benois).
• Agon.
• Playing Cards (libretto los ntawm Igor Stravinsky).
• Apollo Musagete.
• "The Firebird" (libretto los ntawm M. Fokin).
• Persephone.
• Fairy's Kiss (libretto los ntawm Igor Stravinsky).
• Pulcinella.
• "Mavra" (libretto los ntawm B. Kokhno raws li paj huam los ntawm Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin).
• "Flood".
• "The Tale of a Hmab, Rooster, Cat and a Sheep" (libretto los ntawm Igor Stravinsky).
• Orpheus.
• "Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Tub Rog" (libretto los ntawm C. F. Ramyu, raws li cov lus Lavxias teb sab).
• "Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav dawb ceev".
• "The Rake's Adventures" (libretto los ntawm C. Collman thiab W. Auden raws li cov duab los ntawm W. Hogarth).
• Oedipus Rex.
• "The Nightingale" (libretto los ntawm S. Mitusov raws li zaj dab neeg los ntawm H. H. Andersen).

Nkauj ua haujlwm rau orchestra

• "Nkauj Neeb Yaj".
• Symphony in C.
• Scherzo hauv Lavxias style.
• "Kev Lom Zem Ua Yeeb Yam".
• Nkauj qhuas vajtswv.
• Symphony Es-dur.
• Dumbarton Oaks.
• Violin Concerto in D major.
• " foob pob hluav taws".
• "Ib lub tsho luv luv rau tus ntxhw hluas."
• Divvertissement.
• "Lub Firebird" - ib chav suite los ntawm tus neeg ntaus pob.
• Capriccio rau piano thiab orchestra.
• "Plaub Norwegian Moods".
• Basel concert.
• Zoo heev scherzo.
• Suite los ntawm tus neeg ntaus pob Pulcinella.
• Variations mob siab rau lub cim xeeb ntawm Aldous Huxley.
• Ode.
• Concert raupiano, tooj dag, timpani thiab ob basses.
• Txoj kev mus rau piano thiab orchestra.
• Symphony hauv peb lub zog.

rau kev hu nkauj

Igor Stravinsky tau sau ntau zaj nkauj hu nkauj. Ntawm lawv:

• "Memory Introit".
• "Symphony of Psalms" (rau kev hu nkauj thiab suab paj nruag).
• "Kev quaj ntawm tus yaj saub Yelemis."
• Cantata "Sermon, parable and pray" (rau viola, tenor, reciter, choir, thiab orchestra).
• "Symbol of Faith" (ua haujlwm rau pawg hu nkauj tsis muaj suab paj nruag nrog).
• Cantata ntawm paj huam los ntawm K. Balmont "Star-faced".
• "Peb Txiv" (rau kev hu nkauj tsis muaj suab paj nruag nrog).
• "Chants for the Dead".
• "Zoo siab rau nkauj xwb Mary."
• Cantata "Babylon" (rau reciter, txiv neej hu nkauj thiab orchestra).
• Scred chant in the name of Saint Mark.
• "Hmoob" (rau kev sib tw hu nkauj nrog tooj dag).
• Cantata on poems by anonymous poets of England 15th-16th centuries
• "Podblyudnye" - Lavxias teb sab teb chaws suab paj nruag rau poj niam hu nkauj.
• Hymn on lyrics by T. Eliot.

Daim ntawv teev cov haujlwm

• Nkauj hmoob concert.
• Elegy rau viola.
• 3 daim rau clarinet.
• "Zaj Dab Neeg Tub Rog" - suite from the opera for violin, clarinet and piano.
• Symphony rau cov twj paj nruag ua haujlwm rau C. Debussy.
• Nkauj ntseeg tawm tshiab Concert duet.
• 3 daim rau hlua quartet.
• Epitaph rau lub ntxa ntawm M. Egon.
• Prelude rau jazz band.
• Concertino rau txoj hlua quartet.
• Ragtime.
• ob canon nco txog R. Dufy.
• Fanfare rau ob trumpets.
• Septet rau hlua, cua thiab piano.
• Lullaby rau ob lub kaw lus.
• Octet rau woodwinds.

Nyob hauv nco txog tus sau

Lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag hauv Oranienbaum dais lub npe ntawm Igor Stravinsky. Xa nyiaj muas noj thiab nyiaj npib tau muab tso rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Hauv Fabkis lub nroog Montreux muaj ib lub suab paj nruag auditorium hu ua Igor Stravinsky. Lub ntiaj teb Mercury muaj ib lub crater hu ua nws. Lub npe "Igor Stravinsky" yog nqa los ntawm ib tug neeg mus ncig tebchaws nkoj thiab ib tug Aeroflot A-319 aircraft. Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab composer zoo muaj npe: ib txoj kev nyob rau hauv Amsterdam, ib tug ciav nyob rau hauv Paris, ib txoj kev nyob rau hauv Lausanne, ib tug square nyob rau hauv Oranienbaum. Hauv Ukraine (Volyn) lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Igor Stravinsky tau qhib. Thiab txij li xyoo 1994, lub suab paj nruag thoob ntiaj teb muaj npe tom qab tus kws sau nkauj, tus neeg saib xyuas thiab pianist tau tuav nyob ntawd.