Tychina Pavel Grigorievich: biography thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tej zaum, ntau tus neeg tau paub txij li thaum yau ib phau ntawv me me uas tau luam tawm los ntawm lub tsev luam ntawv "Children's Literature" hauv series "Kuv Thawj Phau Ntawv", uas tau luam tawm: "Pavlo Tychin," Lub Hnub thiab Haus luam yeeb ", paj huam."

Cov lus yooj yim, tab sis ci ntsa iab, txawm tias tshav ntuj, paj huam poob rau tus ntsuj plig. Vivid dluab ntawm bluebell paj, lub hnub, hnub qub evoked ib cus ciav teb nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm tus nyeem ntawv.

Ntau yam txawv thiab zoo nkauj lub npe thiab lub xeem ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Ukrainian tau nco txog tam sim ntawd. Nws yog qhov nthuav heev kom paub seb tus neeg sau paj huam zoo li cas. Tam sim no muaj sij hawm los pom tus kws sau paj huam hauv daim duab.

Tychina Pavel Grigorievich - tus kws sau paj huam Ukrainian zoo, uas nws lub neej poob rau lub sijhawm nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Nws tuag xyoo 1967.

Biography

Tychina Pavel Grigorievich yug hauv lub zos Peski, Chernihiv xeev, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 23, 1891, hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug txiv plig nyob deb nroog,uas kuj yog ib tug xib fwb hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Pavel yog tus menyuam thib xya hauv tsev neeg, nws tau txais, ntxiv rau kev kawm hauv pawg ntseeg, kev kawm suab paj nruag zoo heev. Nws muaj lub suab meej, yog ib tus kws kos duab yug.

Tom qab kawm hauv Chernigov Theological School, tom qab ntawd ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, xyoo 1913 nws nkag mus hauv Kyiv Commercial Institute.

Pavel txiv tuag hauv 1906, thiab yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug yuav tsum nrhiav txoj hauv kev kom tau nyiaj ntxiv: nws hu nkauj hauv tsev teev ntuj hu nkauj, ua haujlwm ib nrab hnub hauv ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm. Phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Tychyna Pavel Grigorievich qhia tias, txawm tias lub neej nyuaj thiab kev txom nyem loj, tus kws sau paj huam muaj kev nco txog nws thaum yau.

Thawj xibfwb

Seraphim Nikolaevna Morachevskaya yog thawj tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Pavel hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv Zemstvo. Nws yog nws leej twg instilled rau tus me nyuam tub hlub kev nyeem ntawv. Qhia txog nws txoj kev kawm tiav, nws tau muab Pavel ob peb phau ntawv Ukrainian.

Pavel Grigoryevich Tychina muab paj huam "Seraphim Morachevskaya" rau nws thawj tus kws qhia ntawv, uas, hmoov tsis, tseem ua tsis tiav.

Serafima Nikolaevna tau ntxim nyiam ntawm tus tub niam txiv rau nws lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb thiab qhia nws kom xa tus tub mus rau pawg ntseeg hu nkauj. Vim tsev neeg txom nyem tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los qhia lawv tus tub, lawv ua raws li tus xib hwb qhia.

Nyob rau xyoo 1900, Pavel muaj cuaj xyoos tau ua tiav qhov kev sib tw thiab tau los ua ib tug neeg hu nkauj hauv tus npis sov hu nkauj ntawm Trinity Monastery. Pavel tau muab cov kev tshawb fawb no nrog nws cov kev kawm hauv Chernigov Theological School. Tus thawj coj hu nkauj tau haistus tub txawj ntse thiab qhia nws kom qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm suab paj nruag tshiab. Pavel twb tau qhia qhov txawv tshaj plaw thiab ua lub peev xwm.

Pavel Tychina: biography thiab creativity

Pavel Grigorievich yog ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Pavel Grigoryevich Tychin pib sau nws thawj zaj paj huam thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum tsib nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm cov phau ntawv nws tau nyeem thiab tus kheej acquaintance nrog kws sau paj lug thiab sau ntawv.

Kawm ntawm Chernigov Theological Seminary hauv 1907-1913, Tychina tau txais kev kawm txuj ci zoo heev ua tsaug rau tus kws qhia kos duab, kws sau paj huam thiab tus kws kos duab txawj ntse Mikhail Zhuk, uas tau qhia yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug rau hauv nws lub voj voog ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse hauv Chernigov.

Tychina Pavel Grigorievich tau mus kawm ntawv yav tsaus ntuj rau hnub Saturday, uas hu ua "Literary Saturdays", nrog tus kws sau paj huam Mikhail Kotsyubinsky. Cov rooj sib tham nrog cov neeg txawj ntse no muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom plig ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yav tom ntej.

Thawj tshaj tawm

Pib txij xyoo 1912, uas yog, txij li hnub nyoog nees nkaum ib, Tychina luam tawm nws cov paj huam thiab cov dab neeg hauv cov ntawv xov xwm. Thawj ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm yog cov paj huam "Koj paub li cas cov linden rustles." Kev ua haujlwm thaum ntxov ntawm Tychyna Pavel Grigorievich yog permeated nrog kev hlub rau nws haiv neeg.

Nyob rau xyoo 1918 thawj phau ntawv paj huam "Solar clarinets" twb luam tawm lawm. Qhov no sau tam sim ntawd muab cov tub ntxhais sau rau ntawm ib tug par nrog nto moo kws sau paj lug ntawm Ukraine. Nws pib hu ua "National poet". Tab sis qhov no tseem tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, thiabYog li ntawd, thaum kawm nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov so, tus kws sau paj lug ua hauj lwm ib nrab sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub statistical bureau ntawm lub Chernihiv Zemstvo.

Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1914-1916, tus kws sau paj huam xav tau ua ke ob txoj haujlwm hauv Chernihiv Provincial Zemstvo Statistical Bureau: tus kws qhia kev mus ncig thiab tus kws sau nyiaj-tus lej. Nws tau siv sijhawm los ua qee cov lus sau tseg uas muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm pej xeem kev kos duab, uas nws nyiam thiab txhawb nqa.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Tychina Pavel Grigorievich tau sib yuav lig rau ib tug poj niam uas nws tau ntsib ntev dhau los. Lydia yog tus ntxhais ntawm tus tswv ntawm chav tsev uas tus kws sau paj huam xauj ib chav. Ib tug tub hluas zoo nraug tab sis txaj muag ntshai tus hluas nkauj thaum xub thawj tab sis maj mam ua phooj ywg nrog nws.

Lawv tau ntsib xyoo 1916, tus ntxhais muaj 16 xyoo. Lawv tau sib yuav xyoo 1939 xwb. Tsis muaj me nyuam nyob hauv nws tsev neeg, tab sis muaj ntau tus txheeb ze nyob hauv tus kws sau paj huam lub tsev: cov xeeb ntxwv thiab cov xeeb ntxwv, cov kwv tij, cov muam, uas nws ib txwm pab nyiaj txiag.

Nws tus poj niam, Lydia, tau ua txhua yam haujlwm hauv tsev, pab nws tus txiv muab nws cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv kom raug, txheeb xyuas nws cov ntawv sau.

Tus kheej lub neej ntawm Pavel Grigoryevich Tychyna tau sib raug zoo nrog tsev neeg loj uas nws tuaj.

Keeb kwm hauv lub neej thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam

Pavel Tichina nyob thiab ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab nyuaj rau nws thiab rau cov neeg: ob qho kev tsov rog thiab kev tawm tsam poob rau nws ntau. Thaum lub sij hawm lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917, tus kws sau paj lug yog thawj zaug ntawm sab ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm lub qub system, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov tswv yim. Bolshevism.

Tej zaum qhov tseeb tias tus kws sau paj huam tiag tiag yog ib tus neeg noj mov ntawm nws tsev neeg loj, thiab nws yuav tsum hloov kho raws li qhov xwm txheej.

Tseem muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm Maidan nyob ze lub tsev teev ntuj.

– Cia tus tswv yug yaj rau tus thawj, – sawv daws buzzed, – mus!

Zoo, nyob zoo, tos txais lub siab nyiam!

– Gay, nce koj nees!

ntxhi, suab nrov - tsuas yog lub cim paj tawg xwb…

Ntawm Maidan nyob ze lub tsev teev ntuj niam quaj quaj:

Teeb txoj hauv kev rau lawv, lub hli ntshiab hauv lub ntuj!

Thiab cia koj tus kheej li lawv paub, Zoo, tuag, – Peb tsim peb tus kheej:

Txhua lub lauj kaub nyob hauv tib lub qhov, Txhua tus bourgeois nrog bourgeois

Peb yuav, peb yuav yeej!

Peb yuav, peb yuav yeej!

Tychyna's paj huam

In 1919, ib phau ntawv paj huam los ntawm Pavel Tychyna tau luam tawm hauv Ukrainian, uas yog hu ua "Solar Clarinets".

Tus kws sau paj lug tau sim khaws nws tus kheej hauv nws txoj haujlwm txawm tias tom qab kev yeej ntawm kev ntseeg hauv Ukraine. Kev sau ntawm nws cov paj huam "Zamіst sonnetіv i octave" (1920), "In the cosmic orchestra" (1921) tau luam tawm.

Lub sijhawm no, nws pib ua haujlwm ntawm paj huam-symphony "Frying Pan", mob siab rau tus kws tshaj lij.

Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1920 ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, kev tshaj tawm Soviet tau nce nkag mus rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam zoo. Ua tsaug rau nws cov txuj ci, nws kuj tau sau tau zoo.

Lub xyoo 1930 tuaj yeem hu ua lub sijhawm uas Povlauj tso siab rauTychins ua ntej communism. Nws cov paj huam proletarian tau suav nrog hauv cov ntawv qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv Soviet.

Txog hnub kawg, nws tseem mob siab rau txoj kev xaiv. Tab sis qee zaum nws lub peev xwm tau thov kom muaj qhov hluav taws xob hauv cov paj huam thiab paj huam. Tom qab nws tuag, ib phau ntawv paj huam "Nyob hauv kuv lub siab" tau luam tawm.

Tus txuj ci muab rau tus kws sau paj huam ua rau nws ua phem rau nws. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm thaum ntxov, Tychyna tau qhia nws tus kheej los ua tus kws sau paj huam Ukrainian zoo tshaj plaws uas tau sau cov paj huam zoo nkauj txog xwm thiab kev hlub. Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau los ua tus neeg hu nkauj uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm Stalinist system. Qhov metamorphosis no nyuaj heev rau tus kws sau paj lug nws tus kheej.

Tib lub sijhawm, Tychina yog ib tug neeg hais lus Fab Kis, Greek thaum ub, kawm Armenian, Georgian. Tus kws sau paj huam tau txhais ntau, yog li txhawb nqa Ukrainian cov ntaub ntawv.

Tychina yog tus kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws: cov neeg hais lus dab neeg, sau ntawv thuam, thuam kos duab, tus txhais lus zoo. Nws sau ntawv kev kawm txog Ukrainian paj huam.

Public figure

Pavel Tychina tau ua ntau yam rau kev tsim cov ntawv nyeem, suab paj nruag, kos duab ua yeeb yam ntawm Soviet Ukraine.

Tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, Pavel Tichina tau pib koom nrog kev sib raug zoo. Nws tuav txoj haujlwm siab hauv tsoomfwv ntawm lub tebchaws, dhau los ua Cov Neeg Pabcuam Kev Kawm thiab hauv txoj haujlwm no tau tsim kho cov tsev kawm ntawv uas raug rhuav tshem thaum xyoo tsov rog. Nws tab tom sim khaws cov lus qhia Ukrainian hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv. Nws kuj yog Tus Lwm Thawj CojThawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Sau Ntawv ntawm Ukraine.

Nco tus kws sau paj huam

Pavel Grigorievich Tychina tuag rau lub Cuaj Hlis 16, 1967. Nyob rau hauv 1980, lub Literary-Memorial Tsev khaws puav pheej-Chav tsev ntawm Pavel Grigorievich tau qhib nyob rau hauv Kyiv, qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tus poj niam, Lydia Petrovna, uas khaws nws archive. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej no muaj cov rooj sib tham nrog cov duab kab lis kev cai.