Ua haujlwm nrog titanium dawb

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Ib qho ntawm ob hom dawb feem ntau siv hauv kev pleev xim niaj hnub yog titanium dawb. Lawv zoo tshaj hauv qee qhov ntawm lawv qhov zoo rau lwm hom nrov - txhuas thiab zinc.

Backstory: Lead

xim dawb tau siv los ntawm cov kws kos duab txij thaum ub. Thaum ntxov li thawj xyoo pua BC, Roman historian Pliny piav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim dawb los ntawm cov hlau lead filings siv vinegar. Tom qab ntawd, txhua lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe loj tau tsim nws tus kheej thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov hlau lead dawb. Lawv tau dav siv nyob rau hauv painting, icon painting, rau kev xav tau kev pab. Txawm li cas los xij, txhuas yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg heev. Kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov dawb ua rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg tsim khoom, nrog rau cov neeg pluag uas tsim lawv, suav tsis tau.

Zinc

Muaj lwm yam dyes - pob txha dawb, ua los ntawm cov pob txha ntawm lambs, dawb los ntawm chalk, qe thiab txawm pearls. Tab sis tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog heev tsawg, nyuaj rau tsim, thiab yog li ntawd kim. Vim li no, cov kws ua yeeb yam txuas ntxiv siv tshuaj lom cov hmoov txhuas. Cov ntau hom - kaolin, antimony, sulfur, lead-tin - tseem tsis taumus txog qhov ntim ntawm cov hlau lead dawb.

Qhov no txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1780, thaum ob tus kws tshuaj Fab Kis, Bernard Courtois thiab Louis Bernard Guitone de Morveau, tau tawm mus nrhiav cov xim tsis txaus ntshai. Lawv cov kev xaiv poob rau zinc oxide, raws li qhov uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom dawb tau txais. Qhov teeb meem yog lawv tus nqi. Zinc dawb yog plaub npaug ntau dua li cov hlau lead, yog li ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam tau ua siab ncaj rau cov khoom qub.

YTitanium

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tus neeg Askiv Askiv William Gregor thiab German Klaproth tau tshawb pom cov hlau tsis paub yav dhau los, uas tom qab ntawd hloov cov hlau lead hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj ntxuav dawb. Tab sis txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, titanium tau suav hais tias yog ib qho tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, zoo-rau-tsis muaj dab tsi hlau. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1908, European chemists pom ib tug siv rau nws - titanium dioxide pib siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov hom tshiab dawb. Pib xyoo 1920, kev tsim khoom loj ntawm titanium dawb tau pib hauv Tebchaws Europe, yuav luag tag nrho hloov cov hmoov lead dawb los ntawm kev ua lag luam. Lub innovation tau mus txog Russia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub peb caug xyoo ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Ua tsaug rau qhov tseeb, cov kws tshawb fawb tswj kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xyoo pua los ntawm kev dag: tsis saib xyuas cov neeg luam tawm tsis suav nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias avant-garde sau feem ntau yog siv cov hlau lead dawb, uas tom qab hloov los ntawm titanium dawb.

Sib piv ntau hom tshuaj ntxuav tes

• Txoj kev mob. Lead dawb yog tshuaj lom heev thiab tam sim no siv tshwj xeeb hauv cov xim pleev xim. Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Ua Haujlwm Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv txwv tsis pub pleev xim rau phab ntsa nrogsiv cov hmoov lead dawb. Cov txiv neej pleev xim rau hnub nyoog qis dua kaum yim thiab cov poj niam ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog raug txwv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog txhuas. Zinc dawb yog tshuaj lom me ntsis, tsis ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej, thiab titanium dawb tuaj yeem sau tau yam tsis muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.
• Npog lub hwj chim (zais lub hwj chim). Zinc dawb muaj lub zog zais qis tshaj plaws, vim tias lawv tau ua tiav siv hauv kev pleev xim classic nrog glazing. Nws yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo los ua glazing nrog titanium dawb, vim lawv lub zog zais ntau dua (2, 7). Tab sis lawv zoo meej rau denser painting a la prima - cov xim no npog lwm cov xim zoo.
• Ntxawm. Zinc dawb muaj lub suab sov me ntsis, titanium dawb muaj lub suab txias.
• Txhob Cia Siab. Zinc dawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov tuab loj ntawm cov xim txheej, tawg dhau sijhawm. Qhov no tsis tshwm sim nrog titanium dawb - ib qho ntawm lawv cov ntau yam muaj zog heev uas nws yog siv los pleev xim rau spaceships. Cov hmoov txhuas dawb kuj tseem muaj zog heev - nws yog rau lawv tias cov haujlwm ntawm cov qub tswv tshuav nws txoj kev nyab xeeb.

Lwm yam ntawm Titanium Dawb

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, ua haujlwm sau nrog titanium dawb tuaj yeem tau txais cov xim xiav. Hauv roj pleev xim, cov xim dawb no yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj. Lawv tsis pom zoo kom tov nrog lwm cov xim: azure, cob alt, cadmium. Thaum sib xyaw nrog lawv, cov tshuaj bleaching tuaj yeem tshwm sim, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tsis yooj yim yog tsim. Titanium dawb yuav tig daj thaum lub sijhawm. Titanium dioxide ntawmsib xyaw nrog cov organic pigments yuav ploj mus dhau sijhawm. Nws tsis pom zoo kom npog cov haujlwm uas siv titanium dawb nrog roj copal kua roj vanish - darkening yog inevitable.

Vim tag nrho cov kev tsis txaus no nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov kws ua yeeb yam tsis kam siv titanium dawb. Lawv cov khoom tsim tau raug tshem tawm. Tab sis lwm cov titanium dawb - acrylic, gouache los yog tempera - tau tsim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm. Lawv txuas ntxiv siv nrog kev vam meej los ntawm ntau tus neeg pleev kob. Titanium roj dawb kuj tsis kav ntev hauv oblivion - lawv lub zog zais siab, tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab cov txheeb ze pheej yig rov qab los rau hauv lub txee, thiab niaj hnub no txhua tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb lawv puas siv tau rau nws.