Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov ntawv sau zoo hauv Lavxias muaj ntau hom ntawv. Ib qho nthuav thiab nthuav tshaj plaws yog paj huam. Cov kws sau paj huam nto moo ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau nws txoj kev loj hlob.

paj huam yog dab tsi?

Nov yog ib hom kev kos duab tshwj xeeb, nyuaj thiab ntau yam. Paj huam yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Txij thaum ub los txog rau niaj hnub nim no, nws muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Nws yog txaus kom nco ntsoov li cas cov neeg hu nkauj zoo siab nyob rau hnub so, cov ntawv uas tau tsim los ntawm cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, 19th thiab 20th. Hauv kev ua tsov ua rog, cov kab lus paj huam thiab cov suab nkauj sib xws tau tsa lub siab nyiam ntawm cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua uas tawm tsam rau Leej Txiv.

Nyob rau hauv Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog, serenading nyob rau hauv lub sam thiaj ntawm cov poj niam zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov - li no cov txiv neej lees txim lawv txoj kev hlub. Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th (xws li Friedrich Schiller thiab Robert Burns) tsim xws li ib tug zoo siab masterpieces uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej muaj ib tug fashionable qauv rau noble txiv neej los hais paj huam rau lawv cov poj niam.

Ua tsaug rau paj huam nws muaj peev xwm hais txog kev xav, kev xav thiab lub siab xavtus neeg, nws tus cwj pwm rau cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig. Lyrics, ua yeeb yam, ib tug tshiab nyob rau hauv nqe thiab ib tug paj huam sawv ntawm poetic tej hauj lwm. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, tsis zoo li prose, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los txhim kho kev hais lus zoo nkauj. Niaj hnub no, txawm tias qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub neej, kev nyiam thiab kev nyiam sib txawv, paj huam tseem yog ib qho kev ntseeg ntawm tus txiv neej.

Lub sijhawm thaum paj huam tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia

paj huam Lavxias teb sab tuaj nyob rau xyoo pua 17th. Hais txog cov kws sau paj huam nto moo ntawm Russia, peb yuav tsum hais lub npe ntawm Simeon Polotsky - thawj kws sau paj huam, ib tug kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab. Nws muaj cov paj huam solemn, uas raug suav hais tias yog tus qauv ntawm ode. Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tau kawm ntau yam los ntawm nws cov hauj lwm nthuav tshaj plaws. Simeon Polotsky, yog tus kws sau paj huam tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub sijhawm, tsim ob phau ntawv sau paj huam. Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yog tias nws tau qhia Moscow rau kev ua yeeb yam, sau peb zaj yeeb yaj kiab hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm medieval paub tsis meej. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no tau tshwm sim ntawm lub tsev hais plaub huab tais.

Russian paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th

Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th siv syllabic versification nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm. Yog li, lawv txuas ntxiv lub hauv paus thiab kev coj noj coj ua los ntawm Simeon ntawm Polotsk. Txij li thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua no, syllabic versification tau hloov los ntawm syllabic-tonic nqe. Cov creators ntawm lub tshiab poetic system yog nto moo kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th: Lomonosov M. V., Sumarokov A. P. thiab Trediakovsky V. K. Ntawm cov hom uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, lawvnyiam ib tug laudatory ode. Tus kws tshawb fawb zoo ntawm Russia Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov yog tus kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws. Feem ntau hauv nws txoj haujlwm nws siv iambic. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, nws yog iambic uas muab paj huam tshwj xeeb splendor thiab nobility. Nws hais kom siv txhua yam lus sib dhos hauv paj huam.

Russian kws sau paj huam ntawm xyoo pua 18th. List

1. Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev.
2. Aleksey Andreevich Rzhevsky.
3. YAlexander Petrovich Sumarokov.
4. Anna Petrovna Bunina.
5. Anna Sergeevna Zhukova.
6. Andrey Andreevich Nartov.
7. Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir.
8. YVasily Petrovich Petrov.
9. YVasily Vasilyevich Popugaev.
10. YVasily Lvovich Pushkin.
11. YVasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky.
12. Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin.
13. YGavriil Petrovich Kamenev.

Yermil Ivanovich Kostrov Yermil Ivanovich Kostrov

14. Ivan Semyonovich Barkov.
15. YIppolit Fedorovich Bogdanovich.
16. YIvan Ivanovich Dmitriev.
17. YIvan Petrovich Pnin.
18. YIvan Ivanovich Khemnitser.
19. Ivan Mikhailovich Dolgoruky.
20. Ivan Perfilievich Elagin.
21. YMikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.
22. YMikhail Ivanovich Popov.
23. YMikhail Matveyevich Kheraskov.
24. Nikolai Nikitich Popovsky.
25. Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov.
26. YPavel Pavlovich Ikosov.
27. Semyon Sergeyevich Bobrov.
28. Sergey Nikiforovich Marin.
29. YYakov Borisovich Knyazhnin.

Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th thiab Old Russianntaub ntawv

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin nyob rau hauv ib kab lus hais txog lub cim tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th coj nrog lawv. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv txav ntawm lub xyoo pua no los ntawm cov theem dhau los hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tus sau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog kiag li tsis muaj nyob rau hauv ancient Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Ntau tus kws sau ntawv tsis qhia npe. Tom qab ntawd muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog tus kheej, uas sib raug rau feudal ideology thiab kev ntseeg kev nco qab. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, ancient Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv zoo li folklore, qhov twg tus sau lub ntsiab lus tseem tsis tuaj. Muaj cov tswv zoo ntawm lawv cov khoom siv tes ua, tab sis tsis yog cov kws ua yeeb yam nrog lub ntsej muag ci thiab tus cwj pwm zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance, lub tswv yim ntawm tus cwj pwm tshwm sim nyob rau sab hnub poob. Lub sijhawm no, muaj ib phau ntawv tshiab tau tshwm sim, qhov uas tus sau lub ntsiab lus tau los ua ntej. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub tswv yim ntawm tus cwj pwm tshwm sim ntau tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub Great Petrine era. Cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th thiab lawv tej hauj lwm tau cim qhov pib ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab. Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv tau txais dynamic thiab sai txoj kev loj hlob. Tsuas yog 70 xyoo xwb, qhov kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub ntawv tau tshwm sim uas tau siv ntau pua xyoo los yeej hauv lwm lub tebchaws.

thawj kauj ruam ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no

Peb tus kws sau paj huam tau tsim lub hauv paus ruaj khov hauv ib xyoo caum.

Xyoo 1729, los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm AD. Cantemira luam tawm thawj satire, uas qhib tag nrho cov kev taw qhia. Xyoo 1735 V. K. Trediakovsky aims los tsim ib lub teb chaws thawj cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua ib tug kev hloov kho ntawm versification. Lub syllabo-tonic system npaj los ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tau qhib qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Nws qhov tseem ceeb thiabkev txawj ntse, nrog rau cov cib fim dav tau lees paub. Txog tam sim no, qhov system no tau siv los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam niaj hnub no.

In 1739 M. V. Lomonosov tsim ib qho ode "Rau Capture of Khotin", raws li kev hloov kho uas tsim los ntawm Trediakovsky.

Tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab M. V. Lomonosov, nrog rau nws cov hauj lwm, radically hloov cov tsos thiab qhov xwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nws lub luag hauj lwm thiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev sib raug zoo lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws. Peb cov ntaub ntawv tau lees paub nws txoj cai kom muaj nyob hauv ib hom paj huam thiab "hais lus" rau cov neeg nyeem ua hom lus tshiab. Qhov no tau ua tiav los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Cov nqe lus Lavxias ntawm cov neeg tsim no yog qhov zoo heev uas rau ib puas xyoo paj huam tau tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws yog ua tsaug rau nws hais tias prose, uas tshwm sim los ntawm lub 1760s thiab vam meej nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, yog ntse perceived. Tom qab ntawd, thaum lawv nyob thiab tsim lawv cov kev tsim tshwj xeeb A. S. Pushkin thiab N. V. Gogol. Tom qab ntawd, prose yuav yog thawj qhov chaw hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Zoo kawg

Yog li, cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tau ua haujlwm zoo rau kev tsim cov paj huam Lavxias. Lawv tau siv cov lus piav qhia hauv lawv cov haujlwm. Yog li, lawv txuas ntxiv lub hauv paus thiab kev coj noj coj ua los ntawm Simeon ntawm Polotsk. Cov neeg tsim cov kab lus tshiab yog: A. D. Kantemir, M. V. Lomonosov, A. P. Sumarokov thiab V. K. Trediakovsky. Ua tsaug rau lawv, paj huam nyob hauv txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb rau ib puas xyoo. Cov paj huam ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog zoo kawg li. Lawv yeej lub siab ntawm ntau tus nyeem.