Nikolay Lysenko, tus kws sau ntawv Ukrainian: biography, creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nikolay Lysenko, uas nws biography tau piav nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, yog Ukrainian composer thiab neeg xyuas pib, pianist, pej xeem daim duab, thiab txawj ntse xib fwb. Tag nrho nws lub neej nws sau zaj nkauj folklore. Nws tau ua ntau yam rau lub neej thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Ukraine.

Ntxhais hmoob

Lysenko Nikolay Vitalyevich los ntawm tsev neeg Cossack qub. Nws txiv, Vitaly Romanovich, yog ib tug tub rog nyob rau hauv ib tug cuirassier regiment. Niam, Olga Eremeevna, nqis los ntawm cov tswv av Lutsenko.

Txij thaum yau, Nikolai, uas yug hauv 1842, tau qhia los ntawm nws niam nws tus kheej, ua ke nrog tus kws sau paj huam Fet. Nws qhia Nikolai Fabkis, seev cev thiab coj tus cwj pwm. Thiab Fet qhia Lavxias. Thaum Nikolai muaj 5 xyoos, Olga Eremeevna nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv nws tus tub ib tug nyiam suab paj nruag. Ib tug kws qhia suab paj nruag raug caw los tsim txuj ci. Txij thaum yau, Nikolai nyiam paj huam. Nws txoj kev hlub rau Ukrainian pej xeem nkauj tau instilled nyob rau hauv nws los ntawm nws pog yawg.

Kev Kawm

Tom qab tsev kawm ntawv tiav lawm, Nikolai pib npaj nkag mus rau hauv gymnasium. Thaum xub thawj nws kawm hauv Weyl boarding school, thiabtom qab ntawd Guedouin. Nikolai Lysenko nkag mus rau hauv lub 2nd Kharkov gymnasium nyob rau hauv 1855. Nws kawm tiav nrog ib tug silver medal nyob rau hauv 1859

Tom qab ntawd nws nkag mus hauv Kharkov University. mus rau Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Natural Sciences. Ib xyoos tom qab, cov niam txiv tau tawm mus nyob hauv Kyiv, thiab Nikolai tsiv mus rau Kyiv University, mus rau Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics thiab lej, mus rau Department of Natural Sciences. Nws kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv 1864 thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd los ua tus neeg sib tw ntawm natural sciences.

Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, xyoo 1867, Nikolai Vitalievich txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm ntawm Leipzig Conservatory, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob hauv Europe. Nws raug qhia kom ua si piano los ntawm K. Reinecke, E. Wenzel thiab I. Moscheles, sau ntawv - E. Richter, kev xav - Paperitz. Ntxiv mus, Nikolai Lysenko tau txhim kho nyob rau hauv symphonic instrumentation ntawm St. Petersburg Conservatory nrog Rimsky-Korsakov.

pib ntawm txoj kev muaj tswv yim

Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem siab nws tau kawm suab paj nruag ntiag tug. Thiab maj mam ua ib tug nto moo pianist. Nws feem ntau raug caw mus rau pob thiab tog, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm los ntawm Mozart, Chopin, Beethoven. Ua si seev cev compositions thiab improvised nrog Ukrainian melodies.

Thaum Nikolai kawm hauv Kiev University, nws nrhiav kom tau txais kev paub ntau ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntau li ntau tau. Yog li ntawd, nws ua tib zoo kawm cov operas ntawm xws li nto moo composers xws li Glinka, Wagner, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd uas Mykola pib sau thiab sib haum xeeb Ukrainian pej xeem nkauj.

Tib lub sijhawm, Nikolai Lysenko tau npaj cov tub ntxhais kawm hu nkauj, uas nws tau coj, thiab ua nrog lawv.nyob rau hauv pej xeem. Thaum kawm ntawm Leipzig Conservatory, nws pom tau hais tias nws tseem ceeb dua los tsim, sau thiab txhim kho Ukrainian pej xeem suab paj nruag dua li luam tawm txawv teb chaws classics.

Kev ua haujlwm zoo

Txij li xyoo 1878, Nikolai tau los ua tus kws qhia piano, ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Noble Maidens. Hauv xyoo 1890s qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv tsev kawm suab paj nruag ntawm Tutkovsky thiab Blumenfeld. Nyob rau hauv 1904, Nikolai Vitalievich nrhiav tau nws tus kheej lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Kyiv (txij li thaum 1913 - muaj npe tom qab Lysenko). Nws tau los ua thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv uas muab kev kawm qib siab nyob rau qib conservatory.

Tau tsim ib lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws siv cov nyiaj pub dawb los ntawm nws cov phooj ywg, uas yog npaj los yuav dacha thiab luam tawm nws tej hauj lwm. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau nyob ze rau tub ceev xwm tswj xyuas tas li. Xyoo 1907, Nikolai Vitalievich txawm raug ntes, tab sis nws raug tso tawm tag kis sawv ntxov.

Los ntawm 1908 txog 1912 nws ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Ukrainian Club. Lub zej zog no coj kev kawm txuj ci. Npaj cov suab paj nruag thiab kev sau ntawv yav tsaus ntuj thiab cov chav kawm tshiab rau cov kws qhia ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1911, Nikolai Vitalievich yog lub taub hau ntawm pawg neeg pab txhawb rau lub installation ntawm lub monument rau T. Shevchenko. Nws yog Lysenko uas tom qab ua tiav cov suab paj nruag rau operetta Natalka Poltavka.

Lysenko txoj haujlwm

Lysenko sau nws thawj txoj haujlwm hauv xyoo 1868, thaum nws kawm hauv Leipzig Conservatory. Nws yog ib phau ntawm Ukrainian nkauj rau piano nrog lub suab. Txoj haujlwm no tau zoo heevscientific thiab ethnographic nqi. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, cov hauj lwm thib ob tau luam tawm - "Zapovit", sau rau hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Shevchenko txoj kev tuag.

Thov ua raws tag nrho lub voj voog hu ua "Music for the Kobzar". Nws suav nrog ntau dua 80 tus neeg ua haujlwm. Lawv hom txawv. Tag nrho tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv xya series. Qhov kawg tuaj tawm xyoo 1901

Nikolay Lysenko ib txwm nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Kyiv lub neej kev coj noj coj ua. Nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias teb sab Musical Society, nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau concerts uas tau tuav thoob plaws hauv Ukraine.

Kev koom nrog hauv lub suab paj nruag. Thiab txawm tau txais kev tso cai rau theem ua yeeb yam ua hauv Ukrainian. Nyob rau hauv 1872, Nikolai Vitalievich sau ob operettas: "Christmas Hmo" thiab "Chernomortsy". Tom qab ntawd, lawv tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub teb chaws Ukrainian kos duab, mus ib txhis nkag mus rau theatrical repertoire.

Nyob rau xyoo 1873 Lysenko tau luam tawm thawj zaj nkauj ua haujlwm ntawm Ukrainian lus dab neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Nikolai Vitalievich sau piano ua haujlwm thiab symphonic fantasy.

Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, ua ke nrog V. Paskhalov, nws npaj choral concerts. Lawv txoj haujlwm suav nrog Lysenko, nrog rau Lavxias, Ukrainian, Serbian thiab Polish nkauj. Nws yog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg uas nws tau sau nws thawj rhapsody ntawm Ukrainian ntsiab lus, lub 1st thiab 2nd polonaises, thiab lub piano sonata.

Rov qab mus rau Kyiv xyoo 1876, Lysenko tau tsom mus rau kev ua yeeb yam. Nws tau teeb tsa concerts, ntaus piano, tsim hu nkauj tshiab. Sau nyiaj los ntawmnws pub cov xwm txheej rau pej xeem xav tau. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas nws tau sau feem ntau ntawm nws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.

Hauv xyoo 1880, Nikolai Vitalievich pib ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws operas "Taras Bulba". Muaj ntau ntau zaj nkauj ua raws. Cais, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias cov kev txhim kho suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub Operatta "Natalka Poltavka" nyob rau hauv 1889. Tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lysenko tsab ntawv ua nws tig tawm mus ua tiav artistic.

Nikolai Vitalievich tsim ib qho kev taw qhia cais - menyuam yaus ua yeeb yam. Los ntawm 1892 txog 1902 Nws npaj choral ncig xyuas hauv Ukraine. Xyoo 1904, Lysenko qhib lub tsev kawm ua yeeb yam, uas tau ntau xyoo dhau los ua ib lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem ceeb hauv Ukrainian rau kev kawm tshwj xeeb.

Hauv xyoo 1905 nws, ua ke nrog A. Kosice, tau tsim lub koom haum Boyan-choir. Ua los ntawm cov creators lawv tus kheej. Tab sis tsis ntev "Boyan" tau tawg vim yog kev nom kev tswv thiab tsis muaj peev txheej khoom siv. Lub neej nyob tsuas muaj ib xyoos xwb.

Nyob rau xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Lysenko tau sau cov haujlwm "Aeneid". Lub opera ruthlessly thuam lub autocratic tsoom fwv thiab dhau los ua tib tug piv txwv ntawm satire nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruas Ukrainian ua yeeb yam.

kev ua si hauv zej zog

Tag nrho nws lub neej, Nikolai tau koom nrog tsis yog hauv kev muaj tswv yim nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj hauv kev sib raug zoo. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv peasant Sunday. Koom nrog hauv kev npaj ntawm phau ntawv txhais lus Ukrainian. Koom nrog hauv kev suav pej xeem ntawm Kyiv pej xeem. Ua haujlwm nyob rau sab hnub poob ceg av qab teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab Geographical Society.

Privatelife

Xyoo 1868, Lysenko tau sib yuav nws tus kwv tij thib ob, Olga Alexandrovna O'Connor. Nws yog 8 xyoo yau dua nws. Lawv nyob ua txij ua nkawm tau 12 xyoos, tab sis tom qab ntawd sib cais vim lawv tsis muaj menyuam. Lawv tsis tau ua kev sib nrauj.

Lysenko txoj kev sib yuav thib ob yog pej xeem. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub concerts nyob rau hauv Chernigov, nws ntsib Lipskaya Olga Antonovna. Tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua nws tus poj niam. Lawv muaj tsib tug menyuam. Olga tuag tom qab yug tau lwm tus menyuam hauv xyoo 1900

Lysenko Nikolai, tus kws sau nkauj, tuag rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 6, 1912 los ntawm lub plawv nres. Ntau txhiab tus neeg los ntawm txhua cheeb tsam Ukrainian tuaj hais lus zoo rau nws. Lub ntees tuag tau muaj nyob rau hauv Vladimir Cathedral. Pawg hu nkauj tau taug kev ua ntej ntawm lub ntees tuag. Nws muaj 1200 tus neeg, thiab lawv hu nkauj tuaj yeem hnov txog hauv Kyiv. Lysenko raug faus rau ntawm Baikove toj ntxas hauv Kiev.