Ib hom ntawv portrait hauv kos duab. Portrait raws li ib hom ntawv zoo nkauj

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Portrait - ib lo lus ntawm Fabkis keeb kwm (portrait), lub ntsiab lus "pib". Hom duab portrait yog ib hom kev kos duab zoo siab rau kev xa cov duab ntawm ib tus neeg, nrog rau ib pab pawg ntawm ob lossis peb tus neeg, ntawm daim ntaub lossis ntawv. Cov style xaiv los ntawm tus kws kos duab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Kev kos ib tus neeg lub ntsej muag hauv portrait yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv kev pleev xim. Tus tswv ntawm txhuam yuav tsum qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsos, lub siab lub ntsws, thiab lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam. Qhov loj ntawm ib tug portrait txiav txim nws cov tsos. Cov duab tuaj yeem yog bust, tiam, ib nrab-ntev lossis puv-ntev. Lub pose muaj peb lub kaum sab xis: lub ntsej muag (tag nrho lub ntsej muag), tig "peb lub quarters" nyob rau hauv ib qho kev coj los yog lwm qhov thiab hauv qhov profile. Ib hom duab kos duab zoo nkauj muaj qhov tsis muaj kev txwv rau kev ua tiav ntawm cov tswv yim kos duab. Ua ntej, kos duab kos duab, tom qab ntawd kos nws tus kheej.

History of the portrait genre

Qhov kev sim siab tshaj plaws los piav txog tib neeg lub ntsej muag hnub rov qab 27,000 xyoo. "Painting" tau pom nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov tsua, tsis deblos ntawm Fabkis lub nroog Angouleme. Lub portrait yog ib qho contour uas tau piav qhia hauv chalk, vaguely zoo li cov yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg lub ntsej muag. Tus kws kos duab thaum ub tau piav qhia cov kab tseem ceeb ntawm lub qhov muag, qhov ntswg, qhov ncauj. Tom qab ntawd (tseem nyob hauv qhov tsua) hauv Balkans thiab Ltalis, cov duab meej dua thiab meej dua pib tshwm, ntawm cov ntsej muag kos hauv profile predominated. Nws yog tib neeg tsim, cov neeg txawj ntse tsis tuaj yeem nyob yam tsis tau tso qee qhov cim tseg. Nws tuaj yeem yog ib qho qauv tso tawm ntawm pebbles nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib lub teb, ib tug carved ornaments rau ntawm daim tawv ntoo, ib tug neeg lub ntsej muag kos nrog charcoal rau ntawm ib lub pob zeb. Txoj hauv kev rau kev muaj tswv yim tsis muaj qhov kawg.

Stucco images

Ib zaug lub hom phiaj portrait nyiam ua rau hauv cov duab puab, txij li thaum lub sijhawm qub tsis muaj cov kws ua yeeb yam uas txawj txhuam txhuam thiab muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm kev ua si ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo. Daim duab ntawm lub ntsej muag hauv av nplaum tau zoo dua, thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau lub sijhawm nyob deb nws yog stucco portraits uas dominated. Kev kos duab kos duab tau tshwm sim ntau tom qab, thaum tib neeg paub txog kev xav tau kev sib txuas lus kab lis kev cai.

Cov duab ntawm cov duab nyob ze ntawm daim duab kuj tseem nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab, thiab thawj cov duab tau pom nyob rau thaj tsam yav qab teb sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev Egyptian, deification ntawm cov neeg tuag tau tshwm sim. Thaum lub sij hawm faus neeg, ib hom portrait raug tsim, uas yog conditionally suav hais tias yog ib tug ob peb ntawm cov neeg tuag. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm mummification tshwm sim, thiab tom qab ntawd portraiture. Keeb kwm ntawm hom portrait muaj ntau yam piv txwv ntawm cov duab iconicob qho tib si hauv kev kos duab thiab duab puab. Cov duab ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg tuag tau ua ntau dua thiab zoo ib yam li cov thawj. Thiab tom qab ntawd luam lub ntsej muag ntawm tus tau ncaim mus rau lwm lub ntiaj teb tau hloov nrog lub ntsej muag. Cov neeg Iyiv tuag pib muab faus rau hauv sarcophagi, ntawm lub hau uas tus neeg tuag tau piav qhia txog kev loj hlob tag nrho nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj. Xws li ntees tuag tau npaj tshwj xeeb rau cov nom tswv. Piv txwv li, Egyptian pharaohs tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub sarcophagus, tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov ntxa, uas yog ib tug loj qauv.

Ntau yam kev daws

Tus kws kos duab muaj kev xaiv thaum kos duab duab: piav qhia tus neeg lub ntsej muag thiab khaub ncaws raws li tus thawj, lossis muaj tswv yim, tsim cov duab zoo nkauj. Lub ntsiab mob rau qhov no tseem yog qhov zoo sib xws, uas plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Ib hom kev ywj pheej ntawm kev kos duab - duab kos duab, yog qhib rau kev sim ntawm qhov dav tshaj plaws. Tus kws kos duab muaj lub sijhawm los txhim kho nws cov kev txawj ntse, siv qhov kev ua tiav tshiab kawg.

Tseeb, cov txheej txheem ua tiav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm portrait painting los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam yog roj pleev xim rau ntawm daim ntaub. Qhov no style yog rooted nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm centuries. Nws tau siv los ntawm cov kws kos duab thaum ub. Lawv txoj hauj lwm tau muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub no. Daim duab portrait yog ib hom kev kos duab zoo nkauj tau tshwm sim txij li lub sijhawm immemorial, thiab niaj hnub no nws yog ib qho kev nyiam ntawm kev kos duab.

txhuam txhuam

Tsis ntev los no, cov txheej txheem "dub txhuam" tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam, thaum cov duab tsim tsis yog mob stroke, tab sis los ntawm kev txhuam cov xim me me. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhuam hniav yuav luag qhuav, thiab txoj kev nws tus kheej tso cai rau koj kom tau txais ib nrab zoo nkauj. Txij li cov hom ilv tshaj plaws ntawm kev pleev xim yog portrait, thiab cov duab ntawm lub ntsej muag nyob rau hauv cov xim yuav tsum tau ilv ntxoov, cov txheej txheem "dub txhuam" yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau lub hom phiaj no.

Type

hom duab portrait tau muab faib ua ob peb hom: pem hauv ntej, chamber, intimate thiab zajlus. Kuj tseem muaj hom tshwj xeeb hu ua self-portrait, thaum tus kws kos duab qhia txog nws tus kheej. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog daim duab ntawm tus kheej nkaus xwb. Feem ntau, hom duab portrait yog hom kev kos duab ywj pheej kiag li, raug rau qee yam kev cai. Cov kev cai no yeej tsis raug ua txhaum, txawm hais tias lawv txoj kev yuav raug ncua raws li qee qhov xwm txheej.

Ntxiv rau cov uas twb tau teev tseg lawm, tseem muaj lwm hom kev kos duab, uas suav nrog kev kos duab tshwj xeeb, ntau yam tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo. Qhov no yog ib tug costumed portrait, thaum ib tug neeg niaj hnub yog depicted nyob rau hauv lub canvas nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws ntawm yav dhau los. Cov kev kawm tsis txwv: los ntawm cov tawv nqaij hnav los ntawm ib tug txiv neej thaum ub mus rau lub tshoob tiab ntawm Renaissance. Nyob rau hauv no portrait ntau yam muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm theatricality. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Moscow, lub costumed portrait tau nthuav dav, tab sis qhov no tsis tshwm sim.rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev zam, tab sis theej ua tribute rau art.

Portrait hom hauv art

Cov duab kos duab, sau nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv, tau koom ua ke los ntawm ib qho kev ua txhaum cai - cov duab yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv portrait, hauv lwm lo lus, cov duab ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov cim. Qhov kev vam meej ntawm daim duab nyob ntawm seb yuav ua tib zoo ua tib zoo sau lub ntsej muag. Kev qhia ntawm ob lub qhov muag, luag nyav los yog, conversely, frowned pob muag, tag nrho cov nuances yuav tsum tau xav txog ntawm daim ntaub. Txoj haujlwm tsis yooj yim, tab sis qhov kev ntseeg tau ua pov thawj rau kev txawj ntawm tus kws kos duab. Tias yog vim li cas portrait hom nyob rau hauv kos duab yog li unambiguous thiab yuav tsum tau tag nrho kev mob siab rau los ntawm tus tswv. Cov kws ua yeeb yam paub zoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab kos uas koom nrog tib neeg, ze-ups ntawm lawv lub ntsej muag thiab accentuated txav.

Ntxhais lus dab neeg

Cov kws sau ntawv, nrog rau cov kws ua yeeb yam, feem ntau piav txog tib neeg lub ntsej muag. Muaj ntau ntau yam kev sau ntawv rau qhov no, cov lus nplua nuj Lavxias tso cai rau siv ntau cov ntawv kos duab, hloov cov kab lus thiab kab lus. Lub hom phiaj uas tus kws sau ntawv tau mob siab rau yog zoo ib yam hauv lub ntsiab lus rau tus kws kos duab lub hom phiaj, tus kws sau ntawv piav qhia lub ntsej muag raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus neeg lub siab xav, xav txog nws txoj kev xav, kev xav thiab kev paub. Hom kev sau ntawv portrait yog qhov nyuaj heev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau piav qhia, tsis txhob muaj cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse ntawm tus tsim tiag. Ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv Lavxias uas muaj peev xwm qhia tau ob peb lo lus lub ntsiab lus ntawm tib neeg daim ntawv, Maxim Gorky yog thawj qhov chaw. Nws tus neeg Asmeskas cov thwjtim, William Faulkner, kuj tau paub zoo txog kev kos duab ntawm kev hais lus portrait. Ib hom ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau muaj ntau haiv neeg, cov lus piav qhia ua raws li qee yam qauv, tuaj yeem ua siab zoo lossis tu siab, luv lossis ntev, txhua yam nyob ntawm txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm.

Photo

Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm daguerreotype, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kos duab nthuav dav, thiab cov duab kos tsis muaj qhov zam. Kev yees duab portrait raug nqi tsawg dua li cov roj pleev xim, thiab kev lees paub yog ib puas feem pua. Thiab txawm hais tias cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab tau hais tias kev yees duab yog "tuaj yeem pleev xim rau cov neeg pluag," cov pej xeem tau tig mus rau cov duab tseeb dua ntawm cov nyiaj plated. Hom kev yees duab portrait sai sai dhau los ua zam, thiab tsis muaj qhov kawg rau cov neeg uas xav ntes lawv tus kheej thiab cov neeg hlub.

Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev tshiab, daguerreotype, muaj nws qhov tsis zoo. Kev yees duab, tsis zoo li cov duab zoo nkauj, tsis tso cai hloov dab tsi. Daim duab khov ib zaug thiab rau tag nrho, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom kho ib yam dab tsi. Thiab muab hais tias tus neeg tau yees duab zaum los yog sawv (nyob rau hauv ib tug tense pose), ces nws tsis tawm hauv daim duab nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau yam kev poob siab, thov thiab tsis txaus siab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txhaj tshuaj portrait tau ntes tau, tib neeg tau kawm yuav ua li cas kos duab, thiab txhua yam poob rau hauv qhov chaw.