Painting - yog dab tsi? Cov txheej txheem pleev xim. Kev loj hlob ntawm painting

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus poj niam zoo nkauj, tus kws tshawb fawb thiab tus kws kos duab Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci tau hais tias: "Painting yog paj huam uas pom, thiab paj huam yog painting uas tau hnov." Thiab ib tug tsis tuaj yeem tab sis pom zoo nrog nws. Tiag tiag kos duab yog tiag tiag perceivedly. Peb pom, thiab xav txog, thiab hnov, thiab hauv peb lub siab peb khaws tej haujlwm uas peb nyiam. Thiab lub ntiaj teb masterpieces tseem nyob hauv peb lub cim xeeb tau ntau xyoo.

Hom thiab hom kev kos duab

Kev kos duab, tus tswv ua nws hauv qee lub xeev, tus cwj pwm tshwj xeeb. Cov hauj lwm yuav tsis tig mus rau tag nrho-fledged, tsim nyog ntawm kev hlub thiab saib xyuas, yog hais tias tsuas yog daim ntawv thiab xim yog depicted rau nws. Tus kws kos duab yuav tsum muab khoom plig nrog tus ntsuj plig, cov neeg uas muaj lub siab nyiam, lub txim taws, tej zaum qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub, xwm txheej nrog kev xav tshwj xeeb, thiab cov xwm txheej nrog cov kev paub tiag tiag. Thiab hom thiab hom painting pab tus creator nyob rau hauv no. Lawv tso cai rau koj kom raug coj mus rau qhov zoo ntawm lub sijhawm, qhov xwm txheej, qhov tseeb, zoo dua khaws lub tswv yim, duab, toj roob hauv pes.

Ntawm cov hom kev kos duab zoo yog:

• Historic- duab ntawm qhov tseeb, lub sijhawm hauv keeb kwm ntawm ntau lub teb chaws thiab eras.
• Kev sib ntaus sib tua - qhia kev sib ntaus sib tua.
• Tsev - dab neeg ntawm lub neej txhua hnub.
• toj roob hauv pes yog daim duab ntawm cov tsiaj qus. Muaj hiav txwv, roob, zoo heev, lyrical, nyob deb nroog, nroog, chaw toj roob hauv pes.
• Tseem muaj sia - qhia txog yam khoom tsis muaj sia: cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, riam phom, zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nroj tsuag, thiab lwm yam.
• Ib daim duab yog ib daim duab ntawm ib tug neeg, ib pab pawg neeg. Feem ntau, cov kws ua yeeb yam nyiam pleev xim rau tus kheej los yog cov canvases qhia txog lawv tus hlub.
• Animalistic - duab txog tsiaj.

Cais tawm, ib qho tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke tawm lwm zaj yeeb yaj kiab-thematic thiab suav nrog cov haujlwm no, cov ntsiab lus uas yog cov dab neeg, dab neeg, dab neeg, thiab cov duab kos duab ntawm lub neej niaj hnub.

Hom kev pleev xim kuj txhais tau tias cais cov duab. Lawv pab tus kws kos duab kom ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum tsim ib daim ntaub, qhia nws mus rau qhov kev taw qhia kom txav mus thiab ua haujlwm. Cov kev xaiv yog:

- Panorama - daim duab ntawm thaj chaw hauv hom loj, pom dav.

- Diorama - duab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov xwm txheej zoo nkauj nkhaus hauv ib lub voj voog.

- Me me - cov ntawv sau, duab.

- Monumental thiab zoo nkauj painting - pleev xim rau ntawm phab ntsa, panels, plafonds, thiab lwm yam.

- Icon painting - kev cai dab qhuas paintings.

- Scenery painting - tsim artistic scenery hauv xinesmas thiab ua yeeb yam.

- Easel painting - nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, paintings.

- Kho kom zoo nkauj painting ntawm cov khoom siv lub neej txhua hnub.

Raws li txoj cai, txhua tus tswv ntawm kev kos duab zoo xaiv rau nws tus kheej ib hom ntawv thiab hom duab uas nyob ze rau nws ntawm tus ntsuj plig, thiab feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv nws. Piv txwv li, Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Hovhannes Gayvazyan) ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm seascape. Cov kws ua yeeb yam no tseem hu ua cov neeg pleev kob marine (los ntawm "marina", uas txhais tau tias "siav" hauv Latin).

Techniques

Painting yog ib yam ntawm kev ua raws li zaj dab neeg, nws txoj kev xav los ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov xim thiab mob stroke. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, xws li kev yug me nyuam tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yog tias tsis siv qee cov tswv yim, cov qauv thiab cov cai. Lub tswv yim ntawm "cov txuj ci" hauv kev kos duab kos duab tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog txheej txheej txheej txheem, cov qauv thiab cov tswv yim kev paub, nrog kev pab los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv qhia lub tswv yim thiab cov phiaj xwm ntawm daim duab kom raug, ze rau qhov tseeb.

Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem pleev xim yog nyob ntawm seb hom xim, hom khoom siv, hom canvas yuav raug coj los ua haujlwm. Qee zaum tus kws kos duab tuaj yeem coj tus kheej mus rau nws txoj haujlwm, coj kom zoo dua ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov qauv sib txawv. Tus neeg sau txoj hauv kev no tso cai rau koj los tsim cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kos duab - ntiaj teb masterpieces.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus kev, muaj ntau yam kev xaiv rau painting. Cia peb xav txog lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv.

Painting ntawm ancient sij hawm

Keeb kwm ntawm painting pib nrog petroglyphs ntawm tus txiv neej thaum ub. Lub sijhawm no, cov duab kos tsis sib txawv hauv kev ua neej nyob ntawm cov phiaj xwm, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov xim, tab sis muaj kev xav tshwj xeeb hauv lawv.yog. Thiab cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov xyoo ntawd qhia meej meej rau peb txog kev muaj sia nyob hauv lub neej yav dhau los. Cov kab no yooj yim heev, cov ntsiab lus tau kwv yees tau, cov lus qhia tsis meej.

Nyob thaum ub, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab kos yog ntau haiv neeg, feem ntau piav txog tsiaj txhu, ntau yam sib txawv, ua cov ntawv sau txog tag nrho ntawm phab ntsa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov duab tsim rau tom qab lub neej ntawm vaj ntxwv, uas yog thaum ntawd. ntseeg heev. Tom qab li ob txhiab xyoo ntxiv, cov phab ntsa paintings pib xim.

Ancient painting, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, Laus Lavxias teb sab, yog zoo rendered thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub qub icons. Lawv yog ib lub thaj neeb thiab tus yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws, qhia txog kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev kos duab los ntawm Vajtswv. Lawv cov xim yog tshwj xeeb, thiab lub hom phiaj yog zoo meej. Cov duab zoo li no qhia txog qhov tsis muaj tseeb ntawm kev ua, cov duab thiab instills nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug los saum ntuj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug zoo tagnrho kos duab uas ib tug yuav tsum sib npaug zos rau.

Kev txhim kho ntawm kev pleev xim tsis dhau yam tsis muaj kab. Tau ntev, noob neej tau tswj kom sau cov khoom plig tiag tiag thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntau pua xyoo.

Yuav

Dej xim painting yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov ci ntawm cov xim, purity ntawm cov xim thiab pob tshab ntawm daim ntawv thov. Yog, nws yog nyob rau ntawm daim ntawv uas nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem kos duab zoo. Cov qauv dries sai, ua rau sib zog, ntau matte zoo nkauj.

Dej xim tsis ua tiav cov xim zoo nkauj thaum siv cov xim tsaus, xim tawv, tab sis zoo kawg nkaus qauv xim yog cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtsegoverlay ib sab saum toj ntawm lwm tus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws hloov tawm mus nrhiav tau kiag li tshiab, txawv txawv kev xaiv uas nyuaj rau tau nrog rau lwm yam artistic tswv yim.

nyuaj ua haujlwm nrog cov xim dej

Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem xws li kev pleev xim dej yog tias nws tsis zam txim rau qhov yuam kev, tsis tso cai rau improvisation nrog cardinal hloov. Yog tias koj tsis nyiam cov suab nrov lossis koj tau txais cov xim sib txawv uas koj xav tau, ces nws tsis zoo li koj yuav kho tau. Txhua qhov kev sim (ntxuav nrog dej, khawb, sib tov nrog lwm cov xim) tuaj yeem ua rau ob qho tib si tau txais qhov ntxoov ntxoo zoo dua, thiab ua kom daim duab qias neeg.

Hloov qhov chaw ntawm daim duab, ib qho khoom, kev txhim kho hauv cov txheej txheem hauv cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tseem ceeb ua tsis tau. Tab sis ua tsaug rau kev ziab sai ntawm cov xim ntawm daim ntawv, watercolor painting yog zoo tagnrho rau sketch. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm depicting nroj tsuag, portraits, cityscapes, nws muaj peev xwm sib tw nrog roj paintings.

Butter

Txhua yam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev pleev xim muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb. Qhov no siv rau ob qho tib si ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev kos duab ntawm cov duab. Roj painting yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem nyiam ntawm ntau tus kws kos duab. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws, vim hais tias nws yuav tsum tau ib tug tej theem ntawm kev paub thiab kev paub: los ntawm kev npaj cov khoom tsim nyog, cov ntaub ntawv mus rau theem kawg - npog lub resulting painting nrog ib tug tiv thaiv txheej ntawm cov kua roj vanish.

Txhua tus txheej txheem ntawm cov roj pleev xim yog qhov nyuaj heev. Txawm li cas los xij,Koj xaiv lub hauv paus dab tsi: canvas, cardboard lossis hardboard (fibreboard), ua ntej nws yuav tsum tau them nrog av. Nws yuav cia cov xim kom pw thiab tuav kom zoo, tsis txhob sawv ntawm cov roj. Nws tseem yuav muab cov keeb kwm yav dhau qhov xav tau kev ntxhib los mos thiab xim. Muaj ntau ntau hom thiab zaub mov txawv rau ntau yam av. Thiab txhua tus kws kos duab nyiam nws tus kheej, qee yam, uas nws tau siv thiab nws suav tias yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, kev ua haujlwm nrog cov roj pleev xim yuav tshwm sim hauv ntau theem, thiab qhov kawg yog txheej txheej ntawm daim duab nrog cov kua roj vanish. Qhov no yog ua tiav txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov dej noo, cov tsos ntawm cov kab nrib pleb (mesh) thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj. Roj pleev xim tsis zam kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv, tab sis ua tsaug rau tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev siv cov xim pleev xim, nws tso cai rau koj khaws cov duab kos kom zoo thiab suab rau hnub nyoog.

suav zoo nkauj

Kuv xav ua tib zoo saib rau lub sijhawm ntawm Suav painting, vim nws muaj nplooj ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab zoo. Eastern kev taw qhia ntawm painting tau tsim ntau tshaj li rau txhiab xyoo. Nws tsim tau zoo txuas nrog lwm cov khoom siv tes ua, kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog thiab cov xwm txheej tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub neej. Piv txwv li, tom qab kev qhia txog kev ntseeg hauv Suav teb, kev cai dab qhuas frescoes tau txais qhov tseem ceeb heev. Thaum lub sij hawm Song Dynasty (960-1127), paintings ntawm keeb kwm xwm tau nrov, nrog rau cov dab neeg hais txog lub neej txhua hnub. Toj roob hauv pes painting tau tsim nws tus kheej raws li ib tug ywj siab kev taw qhia twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4th AD. e. Cov duab ntawm xwm tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov xim xiav-ntsuab thiab Suav number case. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua cuaj, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau pib pleev xim paj, noog, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kab, ntses, embodying lawv lub hom phiaj thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm lub era.

Ntawm Suav painting

Kev kos duab Suav tsoos yog qhov txawv ntawm nws cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev pleev xim, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov qauv thiab cov qauv ntawm Oriental art. Ua ntej, cov neeg pleev kob Suav siv txhuam tshwj xeeb los tsim cov duab kos duab. Nws zoo li cov xim dej thiab muaj lub ntsej muag tshwj xeeb. Xws li ib lub cuab yeej tso cai rau koj los tsim cov hauj lwm sophisticated, thiab, raws li koj paub, cov style ntawm calligraphy tseem siv dav hauv Suav teb. Thib ob, tus number case yog siv txhua qhov chaw ua xim - Suav number case (nws tshwm sim uas ua ke nrog lwm cov xim, tab sis nws kuj yog siv los ua cov xim ywj pheej). Qhov no tau tshwm sim rau ob txhiab xyoo. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv, cov neeg nyob hauv Suav teb tau pleev xim rau ntawm cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav. Niaj hnub no, niaj hnub masters ntawm kos duab ua lawv cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab ntawm ib tug txhob lo lo ntxhuav nto.

Qhov no tsis yog txhua qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev pleev xim. Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, muaj ntau lwm yam (gouache, pastel, tempera, fresco, acrylic, wax, pleev xim rau iav, porcelain, thiab lwm yam), suav nrog tus sau cov kev xaiv kos duab.

Era of painting

Zoo li txhua yam kev kos duab, painting muaj nws keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog characterizedtxawv theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, multifaceted style, nthuav qhia. Tsis yog lub luag haujlwm kawg ntawm no yog ua los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev pleev xim. Txhua tus ntawm lawv cuam tshuam tsis yog ib qho ntawm lub neej ntawm tib neeg thiab tsis yog lub sijhawm ntawm qee qhov xwm txheej keeb kwm, tab sis tag nrho lub neej! Ntawm lub sijhawm nto moo tshaj plaws hauv kev kos duab kos duab yog: Renaissance thiab Enlightenment, ua haujlwm ntawm impressionist artists, niaj hnub, surrealism thiab ntau, ntau lwm tus. Hauv lwm lo lus, painting yog ib qho kev pom ntawm ib lub sijhawm, daim duab ntawm lub neej, lub ntiaj teb pom los ntawm qhov muag ntawm tus kws kos duab.

Lub tswv yim ntawm "painting" txhais tau tias "sau lub neej", qhia txog qhov tseeb vividly, masterfully, convincingly. Txhawm rau nthuav tawm ntawm koj lub canvas tsis yog txhua qhov nthuav dav, txhua yam me me, lub sijhawm, tab sis kuj yog lub siab, lub siab xav, xim ntawm lub sijhawm no lossis lub sijhawm ntawd, style thiab hom ntawm tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm kos duab.