Rodion Shchedrin: biography, duab, tswv yim

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov haujlwm ntawm Rodion Shchedrin, tus kws sau nkauj nto moo ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, yog cov suab paj nruag ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus Lavxias. Cov zajlus ntawm domestic classics ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib hom ntawv nyeem tsim lub hauv paus ntawm nws operas thiab ballets. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm N. V. Gogol, A. P. Chekhov, L. N. Tolstoy, V. V. Nabokov, N. S. Leskov thiab lwm yam zoo sau ntawv, choral liturgies thiab concertos rau orchestras.

Rodion Shchedrin: luv luv biography ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej composer

Nyob hauv Moscow, hauv tsev neeg ntawm Konstantin thiab Konkordia Shchedrin, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 16, 1932, lawv thawj tus menyuam yug los, uas tom qab qee lub sijhawm tau los ua kev txaus siab ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag cov neeg tseem ceeb, tus kws sau nkauj zoo nkauj, pianist, Neeg Artist ntawm USSR, tus yeej ntawm cov khoom plig thoob ntiaj teb thiab tus sau ntau pua ntawm cov suab paj nruag.

Txij thaum yau, Rodion Shchedrin loj hlob hauv ib puag ncig suab paj nruag. Leej Txiv Konstantin Mikhailovich Shchedrin yog kawm tiav ntawm Moscow Conservatory, composer thiab suab paj nruag critic. Txhua yam koj tus kheejTus neeg sau yav tom ntej tau siv nws txoj kev ua tsov ua rog thaum yau hauv lub nroog Aleksin, thaj av Tula, qhov chaw uas nws yawg, tus pov thawj Orthodox, tawm hauv ib lub tsev ntawm ntug dej ntawm tus dej Lavxias zoo nkauj Oka.

Composer's tub rog thaum yau

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1941, Shchedrin tsev neeg raug yuam kom khiav tawm mus rau Samara, qhov chaw uas lwm cov neeg ua haujlwm kab lis kev cai tsiv nrog lawv. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias kev sib txuas lus tus kheej nrog Dmitry Shostakovich ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Rodion yav tom ntej.

Tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev khiav tawm, nws thiab nws txiv tau muaj hmoo txaus los mus koom kev hnav khaub ncaws ntawm D. Shostakovich tus naas ej Xya Symphony. Konstantin Mikhailovich thiab Dmitry Dmitrievich ua hauj lwm ua ke nyob rau hauv lub Union ntawm Composers, thiab nws yog feem ntau D. Shostakovich uas pab Shchedrin tsev neeg nyob rau hauv nyuaj domestic xwm txheej thaum khiav.

Tamboyant

Thaum yau, Rodion Shchedrin, txawm hais tias muaj suab paj nruag ib puag ncig, tsis tau mob siab rau suab paj nruag. Ib yam li cov menyuam yaus hauv zos, nws qhov kev txaus siab tau txwv rau kev nce ntoo, vaj ua si, nyiag txiv apples los ntawm ib tus neeg nyob ze lub vaj txiv hmab. Txawm li cas los xij, tus tub muaj peev xwm ua suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum xyoo, Rodion Shchedrin muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws suab paj nruag nco thiab lub suab meej, nws lub peev xwm los nco txog suab paj nruag xav tsis thoob rau cov qhua ntawm tsev neeg Shchedrin, uas feem ntau tuaj xyuas Konstantin Mikhailovich. Ib qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thaum yau yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Xyoo 1943 ua ke nrog Comrade Rodion mus rau pem hauv ntej. Los ntawm nuv los yog los ntawm crook, cov phooj ywg tau nyab xeeb rau Kronstadt. Tom qab ntevkev tshawb nrhiav, Rodion txiv tswj nrhiav cov tub thiab coj lawv rov qab mus rau Samara. Cov lus nug tshwm sim txog yav tom ntej ntawm tus hluas. Muaj feem cuam tshuam rau hauv Rodion lub siab xav nkag mus rau Nakhimov Tsev Kawm Ntawv lossis dhau los ua tus ntaus suab paj nruag. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tus actress Vera Nikolaevna Pashennaya yog ib tug nquag qhua ntawm tsev neeg Shchedrin. Nws yog nws leej twg, paub tus tub lub peev xwm suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb, tau xa nws mus kawm ntawm Moscow Conservatory ntawm nws tus kheej cov nuj nqis. Txawm li cas los xij, lub neej hais txog nws txoj cai.

Rov qab los ntawm kev khiav tawm

Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1944, tsev neeg rov qab los rau Moscow, qhov chaw uas Konstantin Mikhailovich tau txais txoj haujlwm, nws tau los ua tus kws qhia ntawv keeb kwm thiab suab paj nruag ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv hu nkauj tshiab Moscow. Lub koom haum thiab lub tswv yim txhawb nqa ntawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag yog Alexander Vasilyevich Sveshnikov, tus kws qhia ntawv, kws hu nkauj, pej xeem cov duab thiab yav tom ntej Cov Neeg Artist ntawm Soviet Union. Tom qab mloog ib tug txiv neej txawj ntse, A. V. Sveshnikov muab nws cob qhia nyob rau hauv choral kos duab nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Yog li, Rodion Shchedrin pib nws txoj hauj lwm suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, thawj composer tej hauj lwm ntawm cov hluas sau tau txuam nrog precisely nrog choral hu nkauj.

Music day

Kawm ntawm Moscow Choral Tsev Kawm Ntawv rau Rodion Shchedrin yog ib qho kev qhia txog kev kos duab zoo. Nws lub peev xwm suab paj nruag raug ntsuas los ntawm cov kws sau nkauj zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Cov qhua ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yog cov neeg zoo - Svyatoslav Richter, Veniamin Khaet, Emil Gilels, Aram Khachaturian thiab Ivan Kozlovsky. Lub neej muaj tswv yim ntawm Rodion Shchedrin tau hloov pauv ntau tom qabkev sib tw ua ke.

Nyob rau xyoo 1947, nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm pawg neeg txiav txim plaub ntug uas yog tus thawj coj los ntawm Aram Ilyich Khachaturian, kev sib tw rau cov kws sau nkauj hluas tau muaj nyob rau hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev kawm hu nkauj. Cov neeg koom nrog kev sib tw yog cov tub ntxhais hluas cov txuj ci los ntawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws, nrog rau tag nrho 35 tus neeg. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv xa mus rau pawg txiav txim thiab cov neeg tuaj saib rau ib tus kws sau ua haujlwm. Tom qab ua kom muaj tswv yim tsis sib haum xeeb, thawj qhov chaw hauv kev sib tw tau muab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm chav choral - Rodion Shchedrin.

Rodion Shchedrin: biography ntawm tus kws sau ntawv

Xyoo 1950, ib tug tub hluas nkag mus hauv Moscow Conservatory los kawm. Rodion Shchedrin (daim duab tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no) dhau los ua ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm ob chav haujlwm ib zaug, sau ntawv thiab piano, qhov chaw uas tus kws tshaj lij tshuab raj tau txais tos. R. Shchedrin suav hais tias nws txoj kev vam meej tseem ceeb hauv lub neej yog cov lus qhia piano qhia los ntawm tus kws qhia Yakov Vladimirovich Flier, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag Soviet, tus yeej ntawm ntau qhov kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb. Cov tshooj lus sau tau raug qhia rau Rodion Konstantinovich los ntawm Yuri Alexandrovich Shaporin, tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias thiab tus neeg saib xyuas, yeej ntawm peb qhov khoom plig Stalin. Nws kuj tau caw Rodion Shchedrin mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tom qab kawm tiav nrog kev qhuas.

Tom qab kawm tiav, tus kws sau ntawv tseem tab tom qhia ntawm nws tus txiv laus. Vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tshaj qhov tsis kam kos npe rau tsab ntawv txhawb nqa kev nkag ntawm Soviet cov tub rog mus rau hauv Czechoslovakia, Rodion Shchedrin raug yuam kom tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ntawm lub chaw saib xyuas.

Stage ua haujlwm los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv R. Shchedrin

thawj qhov haujlwm loj ntawm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag yog tus ntaus pob "Tus Me Humpbacked Nees" raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Pyotr Ershov, uas nws tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Bolshoi Theatre. Tus sau nyob rau hauv nws thaum ntxov nees nkaum. Nyob rau hauv lub 60s, R. K. Shchedrin tsim ob peb daim nkauj ntxiv.

Xyoo 1961, Moscow pom qhov ua yeeb yam Tsis Muaj Kev Hlub. Qhov no yog ib tug lyrical opera nyob rau hauv peb ua yeeb yam raws li cov dab neeg ntawm tus sau Sergei Antonov.

Qhov thib peb txoj haujlwm zoo ntawm tus sau yog kev hais kwv txhiaj rau lub suab paj nruag "Naughty ditties", sau los ntawm R. Shchedrin xyoo 1963. Cov npe ntxiv ntawm tus sau cov haujlwm tuaj yeem sau tau ntev heev. Thaum nws muaj tswv yim ua haujlwm, tus kws sau ntawv sau:

• 5 ballets thiab 6 operas;
• 14 solo concertos thiab 3 symphonies;
• 5 concertos rau choir thiab 15 piano compositions;
• 25 chamber-instrumental compositions;
• 7 ua yeeb yam thiab 10 cov qhab nia ua yeeb yaj kiab.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Shchedrin tau sau ntau tshaj li ib puas lub suab nkauj rau soloists, hu nkauj thiab orchestra.

Zaj dab neeg

Raws li koj paub, Maya Plisetskaya yog thawj tus neeg ntaus pob ntawm Bolshoi Theatre, Cov Neeg Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm USSR, tus yeej ntawm cov khoom plig thoob ntiaj teb - tus poj niam ntawm Rodion Shchedrin. Qhov feem ntau romantic thiab destiny tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub composer tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1958. Thiab zaj dab neeg ntawm lawv cov neeg paub pib nrog lub tsev ntawm Lily Brik, muse ntawm V. V. Mayakovsky, qhov twg cov txij nkawm yav tom ntej tau ntsib.

Ib pawg phooj ywg sib sau ua ke nyob rau lub sijhawm tuaj txog ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg, ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam Fab KisGerard Philip. Tom qab lub koob tsheej nrov nrov, Rodion Konstantinovich, ua tus tswv ntawm nws lub tsheb Volga, tau qhia kom coj cov phooj ywg overstayed mus tsev. Coincidentally los yog tsis, tab sis qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev yog lub tsev Maya Plisetskaya. Gallantly hais goodbye rau tus ballerina, Rodion nug rau hnub tom ntej.

Lub rooj sib tham thib ob tau tshwm sim ntawm kev rov ua yeeb yam ntawm tus neeg ntaus pob "Tus Me Humpbacked Nees", qhov twg prima ballerina tau caw mus rau ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Thaum kawg, Cupid cov xub ntaus lub siab hlub tom qab lub caij ntuj sov so hauv Lub Tsev ntawm Composers' Creativity hauv Sortavala, ntawm Lake Ladoga. Tom qab ntawd, ob niam txiv hauv kev hlub tau mus los ntawm Shchedrin lub tsheb mus rau Sochi. Vim qhov kev sib raug zoo tsis tau sau npe, nkawm niam txiv tsis tau nyob hauv tsev so, thiab lawv, tsis muaj kev khuv xim, tau siv lawv cov hnub qub nyob hauv tsheb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Dub.

Ua tiav, kev sib raug zoo ntawm Rodion thiab Maya tau sau npe rau lub Kaum Hlis 2, 1958. Kev sib yuav tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kws sau nkauj thiab tus kws ntaus kis las tau dhau los ua lub neej. Tsuas yog kev tuag thiaj cuam tshuam zaj dab neeg no.

Lub Tsib Hlis 2, 2015, Maya Mikhailovna Plisetskaya tuag hauv Munich. Qhov ua rau tuag yog loj heev myocardial infarction. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis muaj menyuam hauv kev sib yuav zoo nkauj no - xws li kev txi zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab ballerina.

Tus poj niam yuav

Hnub no tus kws sau nkauj nyob mus li hauv Munich (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees). Kev noj qab haus huv ntawm Rodion Shchedrin tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws tus poj niam deterioration sharply. Ntau ntxiv, cov kws kho mob hauv zos tuaj xyuas nws lub tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws sau ntawv tsis poob siab thiab hais tias qhov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws tseem tsis tau sau.

Raws li lub siab nyiam ntawm Maya Mikhailovna, cov tshauv ntawm Plisetskaya yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog cov tshauv ntawm Rodion Konstantinovich tom qab nws tuag thiab tawg mus rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm Great Russia.