2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Yog tias koj ua kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg nyeem ntawm lub ncauj lus "Tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias nyiam", ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg teb yuav tau teb: "Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov, tau kawg." Tus neeg no yog txuam nrog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nrog rau cov txuj ci ua hauj lwm "Tus Tswv thiab Margarita", uas yog tsis muaj coincidence: lub genius ntawm tshiab tau lees paub hnub no los ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no zej zog.
M. A. Bulgakov. Biography. Me nyuam yaus thiab hluas
Ntawm no yog ib tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm 20th caug xyoo, uas yug xyoo 1891, Tsib Hlis 15th. Ntxiv rau tus tub nws tus kheej, muaj rau tus menyuam ntxiv hauv tsev neeg. Bulgakov thaum ntxov xyoo tau siv nyob rau hauv Kyiv, ib lub nroog nws hlub heev thiab "sau" nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm nws cov phau ntawv.
Xyoo 1906, ib tug tub hluas nkag mus rau hauv kws kho mob. Txoj kev kawm tau zoo heev rau nws, yog li xyoo 1916 nws kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tau txais lub npe "Tus Kws Kho Mob nrog kev hwm".
Rov qab xyoo 1913, Mikhail Bulgakov tau sib yuav. Nws thawj tus poj niam yog Tatyana Lappa.
Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv, Bulgakov raug xa mus rau Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob hauvraws li kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv 1917 nws raug xa mus rau lub tsev kho mob nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Vyazma. Nws paub tias nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sijhawm no nws pib noj morphine. Ua ntej rau kev siv tshuaj, thiab tom qab ntawd vim yog kev quav tshuaj.
M. A. Bulgakov. Biography. Sau, hauj lwm
Lub sijhawm ua tub rog ntau xyoo, tus tub hluas lub peev xwm sau ntawv tau pib pom lawv tus kheej ua kws kho mob, txawm hais tias qhov kev lag luam no tau nyiam nws ntev. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws nyob hauv tsev kho mob sib txawv yog lub voj voog "Notes of a Young Doctor". Tus kws sau ntawv hluas Mikhail Bulgakov tau hais txog nws txoj kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv nws Morphine.
Txij xyoo 1921, nws pib koom tes nrog qee cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm. Ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, Mikhail Afanasevich tau koom nrog Cov Kws Sau Ntawv.
Xyoo 1925 nws rov sib yuav. Tam sim no ntawm Lyubov Belozerskaya.
Bulgakov pib mob siab rau kev sau ntawv. Nws yog qhov xav paub tias qhov kev ua si "Hnub ntawm Turbins" tau qhuas los ntawm Stalin nws tus kheej, txawm hais tias nws tau sau tseg tias txoj haujlwm yog kev tawm tsam. Bulgakov tau txais kev pom zoo tsawg dua los ntawm nws cov npoj yaig, uas feem ntau thuam nws txoj haujlwm.
Yog li ntawd, los ntawm 1930, tus kws sau ntawv tej hauj lwm tau xyaum tsis tau luam tawm thiab luam tawm. Ntawm lwm yam, Bulgakov pib sim nws txhais tes ntawm tus thawj coj txoj kev. Ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim los ntawm nws tau tshwm sim hauv Moscow theatre.
Nws cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog: "Lub Plawv Ntawm Tus Aub", "White Guard", "Fatal Eggs" thiab, ntawm chav kawm, "Tus Tswv thiab Margarita"
M. A. Bulgakov. Biography. Xyoo tom qab
Thawj zaug lub tswv yim ntawm "Xib Hwb thiab Margarita" tuaj rau tus kws sau ntawv xyoo 1928. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1939 nws txiav txim siab los siv nws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov no ntawm nws tus kheej, vim nws qhov muag tsis zoo txhua hnub. Bulgakov tau hais qhov kawg ntawm qhov tshiab rau nws tus poj niam thib peb, Elena, uas lawv tau sib yuav hauv xyoo 1929. Txij thaum pib xyoo 1940, nws cov txheeb ze thiab cov phooj ywg tau ua haujlwm nyob ze nws lub txaj.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 10, 1940, muaj lus ceeb toom tias Mikhail Bulgakov tuag. Biography ntawm tus txiv neej no ci ntsa iab thiab tsis meej pem. Thiab tsis yog peb cov kwv tij xwb, tab sis cov neeg txawv teb chaws tseem nyeem cov txuj ci uas nws tsim.
Pom zoo:
Ntawm memoirs tsim nyog nyeem. Cov npe sau ntawv, biography, keeb kwm xwm txheej, nthuav tseeb thiab lawv xav txog ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv
Cov memoirs zoo tshaj plaws pab peb kom kawm paub zoo txog txoj hmoo ntawm tus kheej nto moo, lawv lub neej txhim kho li cas, qee yam xwm txheej keeb kwm tshwm sim li cas. Memoirs, raws li txoj cai, yog sau los ntawm cov neeg nto moo - cov nom tswv, cov kws sau ntawv, cov neeg ua yeeb yam uas xav qhia kom meej txog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm lawv lub neej, ntu uas cuam tshuam rau txoj hmoo ntawm lub tebchaws
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