Michelangelo: muaj tswv yim thiab biography

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Michelangelo Buonarroti raug suav hais tias los ntawm ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Italian Renaissance. Ntawm nws cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov mlom ntawm "David" thiab "Pieta", cov frescoes ntawm Sistine Chapel.

Unsurpassed Master

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Michelangelo Buonarroti tuaj yeem piav qhia luv luv tias yog qhov tshwm sim loj tshaj plaws hauv kev kos duab txhua lub sijhawm - qhov no yog qhov nws tau soj ntsuam thaum nws lub neej, qhov no yog qhov lawv tseem xav txog niaj hnub no. Ob peb ntawm nws tej hauj lwm hauv painting, duab puab thiab architecture yog cov nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Txawm hais tias cov frescoes ntawm lub qab nthab ntawm Sistine Chapel nyob rau hauv Vatican yog tej zaum cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov artist, nws suav hais tias nws tus kheej feem ntau yog ib tug sculptor. Kev koom nrog ntau yam txuj ci tsis yog qhov tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv nws lub sijhawm. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog raws li ib tug kos duab. Michelangelo tau koom nrog marble duab puab tag nrho nws lub neej, thiab lwm yam kev kos duab tsuas yog nyob rau qee lub sijhawm. Qhov kev txaus siab ntawm Sistine Chapel yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau kev pleev xim rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, thiab ib nrab yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tseeb tias ntau tus tswv haujlwm tau tso tseg tsis tiav.

Ib yam tshwm sim ntawm lub neejMichelangelo lub koob meej yog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxiv ntawm nws txoj kev tshaj li lwm tus kws kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws tau los ua thawj tus kws kos duab uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm tau luam tawm ua ntej nws tuag, muaj ob ntawm lawv. Thawj yog tshooj kawg ntawm phau ntawv ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam (1550) los ntawm tus kws kos duab thiab tus kws kos duab Giorgio Vasari. Nws tau mob siab rau Michelangelo, uas nws txoj haujlwm tau nthuav tawm raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm hais tias kev qhuas zoo li no, nws tsis txaus siab kiag li thiab tau txib nws tus pab Ascanio Condivi los sau ib phau ntawv luv luv (1553), tej zaum raws li cov lus ntawm tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv nws, Michelangelo, txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus tswv tau piav qhia txog qhov nws xav kom lwm tus pom lawv. Tom qab Buonarroti tuag, Vasari tau luam tawm ib qho kev tsis lees paub hauv tsab thib ob (1568). Txawm hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb nyiam Condivi phau ntawv rau Vasari cov lus piav qhia txog lub neej, qhov kawg qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav dav thiab nws nquag luam tawm hauv ntau hom lus tau ua rau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Michelangelo thiab lwm cov neeg ua yeeb yam Renaissance. Buonarroti lub koob meej kuj ua rau khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv suav tsis txheeb, suav nrog ntau pua tsab ntawv, sau ntawv thiab paj huam. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj cov khoom siv ntau heev, hauv cov teeb meem tsis sib haum feem ntau tsuas yog qhov kev xav ntawm Michelangelo nws tus kheej paub.

Kim luv luv thiab muaj tswv yim

Painter, sculptor, kws kes duab vajtse thiab kws sau paj huam, yog ib tus kws kos duab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Italian Renaissance tau yug los hauv lub npe Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni thaum Lub Peb Hlis 6, 1475 hauv Caprese, Ltalis. Nws txiv, Leonardo di BuanarottaSimoni, luv luv ua tus saib xyuas hauv ib lub zos me me thaum nws thiab nws tus poj niam Francesca Neri muaj tus tub thib ob ntawm tsib tus tub, tab sis lawv rov qab mus rau Florence thaum Michelangelo tseem yog menyuam mos. Vim nws niam muaj mob, tus me tub no thiaj li tau muab ib tug stonemason tsev neeg los tsa, uas tus kws kos duab loj tom qab tso dag tias nws nqus rauj thiab chisels nrog tus nais maum mis.

Tseeb, kev tshawb fawb yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm Michelangelo qhov kev txaus siab. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg pleev kob hauv cov tuam tsev nyob sib ze thiab rov ua dua ntawm qhov nws pom muaj, raws li nws cov neeg sau keeb kwm thaum ntxov, nyiam nws ntau dua. Michelangelo tus phooj ywg tsev kawm ntawv, Francesco Granacci, uas yog rau xyoo laus dua nws, qhia nws tus phooj ywg rau tus kws kos duab Domenico Ghirlandaio. Leej txiv pom tau hais tias nws tus tub tsis txaus siab rau tsev neeg kev lag luam nyiaj txiag thiab pom zoo muab nws thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 xyoos ua haujlwm rau ib tus neeg pleev kob Florentine fashionable. Nyob ntawd nws tau paub txog cov txheej txheem fresco.

Medici Gardens

Michelangelo siv sijhawm ib xyoos nkaus xwb hauv kev cob qhia, thaum nws muaj lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Raws li kev pom zoo ntawm Ghirlandaio, nws tau tsiv mus rau lub palace ntawm Florentine tus kav Lorenzo lub Magnificent, ib tug tswv cuab muaj zog ntawm Medici tsev neeg, mus kawm cov duab puab classical hauv nws lub vaj. Nws yog lub sijhawm fertile rau Michelangelo Buonarroti. Biography thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm novice artist tau cim los ntawm kev paub nrog cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Florence, txawj sculptor Bertoldo di Giovanni, cov kws sau paj lug, kws tshawb fawb thiab humanists ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd. Buonarroti kuj tau txais kev tso cai tshwj xeeb los ntawm pawg ntseeg los tshuaj xyuas cov neeg tuagkev kawm anatomy, txawm hais tias qhov no cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Michelangelo qhov kev paub zoo: cov leeg nqaij thiab qhov tseeb ua ke nrog kev zoo nkauj yuav luag. Ob tug bas-reliefs, "Kev Sib Tw ntawm Centaurs" thiab "Madonna ntawm Stairs", ua tim khawv rau nws cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16.

Kev vam meej thiab cuam tshuam

Kev tawm tsam nom tswv tom qab kev tuag ntawm Lorenzo tus Magnificent yuam Michelangelo khiav mus rau Bologna, qhov chaw nws txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm. Nws rov qab mus rau Florence xyoo 1495 thiab pib ua haujlwm ua tus sculptor, qiv cov qauv los ntawm cov masterpieces classical antiquity.

Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm zaj dab neeg txaus ntshai ntawm Michelangelo's Cupid duab puab, uas yog cov hnub qub tsim kom zoo li cov khoom qub tsis tshua muaj. Ib qho version hais tias tus sau xav tsim cov nyhuv patina nrog qhov no, thiab raws li lwm tus, nws tus kws kos duab faus cov haujlwm kom dhau los ua ib qho khoom qub.

Cardinal Riario San Giorgio yuav lub Cupid, xav txog cov duab puab li ntawd, thiab thov kom rov qab tau nws cov nyiaj thaum nws pom tias nws tau raug dag. Thaum kawg, tus neeg yuav khoom dag tau zoo siab heev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Michelangelo tias nws tso cai rau tus kws kos duab khaws nyiaj rau nws tus kheej. Lub cardinal txawm caw nws mus rau Rome, qhov chaw uas Buonarroti nyob thiab ua hauj lwm mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm nws hnub.

"Pieta" thiab "David"

Tsis ntev tom qab tsiv mus rau Rome xyoo 1498, lwm tus neeg sawv cev, Jean Bilaire de Lagrola, papal tus sawv cev ntawm FabkisKing Charles VIII. Michelangelo cov duab puab "Pieta", uas qhia txog Maivliag tuav Yexus tuag saum nws lub hauv caug, tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv tsawg tshaj li ib xyoos thiab tau muab tso rau hauv lub tuam tsev nrog lub qhov ntxa ntawm cardinal. Ntawm 1.8m dav thiab yuav luag tib qhov siab, tus pej thuam tau tsiv tsib zaug ua ntej nrhiav nws qhov chaw tam sim no hauv St. Peter's Basilica hauv Vatican.

Carved los ntawm ib daim ntawm Carrara marble, fluidity ntawm cov ntaub, txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus, thiab "kev txav" ntawm Pieta daim tawv nqaij (uas txhais tau hais tias "kev hlub" lossis "kev khuv leej") plunged nws thawj cov neeg saib rau hauv kev ntshai. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib tug incredibly revered ua hauj lwm. Michelangelo tsim nws thaum nws muaj 25 xyoo xwb.

Legend hais tias tus kws sau ntawv, tau hnov txog kev sib tham txog lub hom phiaj los ua haujlwm rau lwm tus sculptor, ua siab tawv muab nws kos npe rau ntawm kab ntawm Mary lub hauv siab. Qhov no tsuas yog ua haujlwm nrog nws lub npe ntawm nws.

Thaum lub sijhawm Michelangelo rov qab los rau Florence, nws twb yog ib tus neeg muaj koob meej. Tus sculptor tau txais ib tug commission rau ib tug pej thuam ntawm David, uas ob yav dhau los sculptors tau ua tsis tau tejyam sim ua, thiab muab ib tug tsib-meter block ntawm marble rau hauv ib tug tseem ceeb daim duab. Lub zog ntawm cov leeg, qhov tsis muaj zog liab qab, tib neeg ntawm cov lus qhia thiab kev ua siab loj ua rau "David" ua lub cim ntawm Florence.

Art thiab architecture

Lwm cov haujlwm ua raws, suav nrog txoj haujlwm xav tau rau lub qhov ntxa ntawm Pope Julius II, tab sis kev ua haujlwm tau cuam tshuam thaum Michelangelo raug hais kom txav los ntawm duab puab mus rau tha xim los kho lub qab nthab ntawm Sistine Chapel.

Qhov project tau tua tus kws kos duab lub tswv yim, thiabthawj txoj kev npaj sau 12 tug thwj tim hloov mus rau ntau tshaj 300 daim duab. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no tom qab ntawd raug tshem tawm tag nrho vim muaj cov kab mob hauv lub plaster thiab rov qab los. Buonarroti tshem tawm tag nrho cov pab cuam uas nws suav hais tias yog tsis muaj peev xwm thiab ua tiav daim duab ntawm 65-meter qab nthab nws tus kheej, siv sijhawm tsis kawg pw ntawm nws nraub qaum thiab khib khib nws saib xyuas nws txoj haujlwm kom txog thaum nws tiav rau lub Kaum Hlis 31, 1512.

Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Michelangelo tuaj yeem piav qhia luv luv raws li hauv qab no. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev kos duab siab ntawm Renaissance, uas muaj cov cim ntseeg Vajtswv, cov lus faj lem thiab tib neeg txoj cai, absorbed los ntawm tus tswv thaum nws tseem hluas. Lub ci vignettes ntawm lub qab nthab ntawm Sistine Chapel tsim cov nyhuv kaleidoscope. Lub cim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Kev Tsim Adas, piav txog Vajtswv kov tus neeg nrog nws tus ntiv tes. Roman tus kws kos duab Raphael pom meej hloov nws cov style tom qab pom cov haujlwm no.

Michelangelo, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm thiab kev ua haujlwm nyob mus ib txhis tseem cuam tshuam nrog cov duab puab thiab kos duab, vim yog kev siv lub cev thaum lub sijhawm pleev xim ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj raug yuam kom tig nws mus rau architecture.

Tus tswv txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov ntxa Julius II nyob rau ob peb xyoos tom ntej no. Nws kuj tau tsim lub Medici Chapel thiab Laurencin Library tawm tsam Basilica ntawm San Lorenzo hauv Florence, uas yog lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Medici lub tsev. Cov tuam tsev no suav hais tias yog qhov hloov pauv hauv keeb kwm ntawm architecture. Tab sis lub hwjchim ci ntsa iab ntawm Michelangelo nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Saint Peter xyoo 1546.

kev tsis sib haum xeeb

Michelangelo nthuav tawm Kev Txiav Txim Zaum Kawg rau ntawm phab ntsa deb ntawm Sistine Chapel hauv 1541. Cov suab tawm tsam tau hnov tam sim - cov duab liab qab tsis tsim nyog rau qhov chaw dawb huv, hu xov tooj los rhuav tshem cov fresco loj tshaj plaws ntawm Italian. Renaissance. Tus kws kos duab tau teb los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov duab tshiab rau hauv kev sib xyaw: nws lub ntsiab lus thuam hauv daim ntawv ntawm dab ntxwg nyoog thiab nws tus kheej ua tawv nqaij St. Bartholomew.

Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib txuas thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj thiab muaj hwj chim hauv tebchaws Ltalis, uas tau muab lub siab zoo thiab txhua yam txuj ci ntawm Michelangelo, lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv tau muaj kev xav tsis zoo. Nws yog cocky thiab ceev-tempered, uas feem ntau ua rau quarrels, nrog rau nws cov neeg muas zaub. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog ua rau nws muaj teeb meem, tab sis kuj tsim kev xav tsis txaus siab rau nws - tus kws kos duab tas li sim ua kom zoo tag nrho thiab tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam.

Qee lub sij hawm nws muaj kev sib tw melancholy, uas ua rau muaj qhov cim rau hauv ntau ntawm nws cov ntawv sau. Michelangelo tau sau tias nws nyuaj siab thiab ua haujlwm hnyav, nws tsis muaj phooj ywg thiab tsis xav tau lawv, thiab nws tsis muaj sijhawm noj txaus, tab sis qhov tsis yooj yim no ua rau nws muaj kev xyiv fab.

Nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, Michelangelo thuam ib tug tub kawm ntawv thiab tau ntaus lub qhov ntswg, uas ua rau nws tsis pom kev rau lub neej. Tau ntau xyoo, nws tau ntsib kev qaug zog los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, hauv ib zaj paj huam uas nws piav txog lub cev loj heev uas nws yuav tsum tau ua kom pleev xim rau lub qab nthab ntawm Sistine.tsev teev ntuj. Kev sib cav nom tswv hauv nws tus hlub Florence kuj tsim txom nws, tab sis nws tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Florentine artist Leonardo da Vinci, uas yog 20 xyoo nws laus.

Kev sau ntawv thiab tus kheej lub neej

Michelangelo, uas nws lub tswv yim tau nthuav tawm hauv nws cov duab puab, duab kos duab thiab kos duab, hauv nws lub xyoo laus coj los ua paj huam.

Tsis tau sib yuav, Buonarroti tau mob siab rau tus poj ntsuam pious thiab muaj koob meej npe hu ua Vittoria Colonna, tus neeg nyob ntawm ntau dua 300 ntawm nws cov paj huam thiab cov tub. Lawv txoj kev phooj ywg tau muab kev txhawb nqa zoo rau Michelangelo kom txog thaum Colonna tuag hauv 1547. Nyob rau hauv 1532, tus tswv tau los ze rau tus tub hluas nobleman Tommaso de' Cavalieri. Cov keeb kwm tseem tab tom sib cav txog seb lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo yog kev sib deev los yog nws puas muaj leej txiv txoj kev xav.

Kev tuag thiab txojsia

Tom qab mob luv luv, Lub Ob Hlis 18, 1564 - ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej nws hnub yug 89 xyoos - Michelangelo tuag ntawm nws lub tsev hauv Rome. Tus tub xeeb ntxwv tau tsiv lub cev mus rau Florence, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais kev hwm raws li "txiv thiab tus tswv ntawm txhua yam txuj ci", thiab muab nws faus rau hauv Basilica di Santa Croce - qhov twg tus sculptor nws tus kheej bequeathed.

Tsis zoo li ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam, Michelangelo txoj haujlwm ua rau nws muaj koob meej thiab hmoov zoo thaum nws lub neej. Nws kuj muaj hmoo tau pom kev tshaj tawm ob ntawm nws phau ntawv keeb kwm los ntawm Giorgio Vasari thiab Ascanio Condivi. Kev txaus siab ntawm Buonarroti lub craftsmanship rov qab mus rau centuries, thiab nws lub npe tau los ua synonymous nrog lub Italian Renaissance.

Michelangelo ntacreativity

Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau lub koob meej ntawm tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm, lawv qhov pom kev cuam tshuam rau tom qab kos duab yog qhov txwv. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev tsis txaus siab los luam tawm cov haujlwm ntawm Michelangelo tsuas yog vim nws lub koob meej, txij li Raphael, uas sib npaug ntawm cov txuj ci, tau xyaum ntau zaus. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias qee yam, yuav luag cosmic nplai hom kev qhia los ntawm Buonarroti txwv kev txwv. Tsuas muaj ob peb yam piv txwv uas yuav luag tag. Tus kws tshaj lij tshaj plaws yog Daniele da Volterra. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee yam, kev muaj tswv yim hauv kev kos duab ntawm Michelangelo pom qhov txuas ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th nws tau raug suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev kos duab anatomical, tab sis tsis tshua qhuas rau cov ntsiab lus dav ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Cov Mannerists siv nws spatial contraction thiab writhing poses ntawm nws Victory sculpture. 19th caug xyoo tus tswv Auguste Rodin siv cov nyhuv ntawm cov pob zeb tsis tiav. Qee tus tswv ntawm lub xyoo pua XVII. Baroque style theej nws, tab sis nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev xws li kom tshem tawm cov lus zoo sib xws. Tsis tas li ntawd, Gian Lorenzo Bernini thiab Peter Paul Rubens tau pom zoo siv cov hauj lwm ntawm Michelangelo Buonarroti rau cov sculptors thiab artists tiam tom ntej.