Tus Thawj Coj Mikhail Romm: biography thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Mikhail Romm yog tus thawj coj thiab tus kws sau ntawv nto moo Soviet. Nws yog ib tug laureate ntawm ob peb Stalin Prizes thiab ib tug neeg Artist ntawm lub USSR, ntau yam ntawm nws films tau txais ntau yam khoom plig thiab khoom plig. Nws yog ib tug classic ntawm Soviet xinesmas, uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm Soviet xinesmas thiab los ua ib tug xib fwb rau tag nrho cov galaxy ntawm nto moo directors.

Biography

Mikhail Romm yug hauv Irkutsk, qhov twg tsis ntev ua ntej nws txiv tau raug ntiab tawm mus rau kev ua haujlwm hauv av, xyoo 1901. Raws li ntau qhov chaw, nws hnub yug yog Lub Ib Hlis 24 lossis Lub Ob Hlis 21. Nws niam nws txiv yog kws kho mob: nws txiv yog ib tug bacteriologist, nws niam yog kws kho hniav. Ib xyoos tom qab yug Mikhail, tsev neeg raug xa mus rau Zaigraevo (Buryatia), qhov chaw lawv nyob tau ntau xyoo, tom qab ntawd lawv tsiv mus rau Moscow.

Muaj Romm kawm hauv gymnasium thiab nkag mus rau Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Sculpture thiab Architecture. Cov neeg thuam zaj duab xis nco ntsoov tias sculpting cuam tshuam Romm's style raws li tus thawj coj - nws cov yeeb yaj kiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev mloog zoo rau kev ntxhib los mos, tshwj xeeb ntawm lub ntsej muag. Thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, Romm tau koom nrog Red Army, qhov twgyog ib tug signalman, thiab kuj tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov commission. Tom qab rov qab los, nws nkag mus rau Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci Siab Tshaj Lij thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb; Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1922-1923 nws kawm nyob rau hauv lub cinematographic Rhiav ntawm Lev Kuleshov.

Tom qab kawm tiav hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo 1925, Mikhail Romm ua haujlwm ua tus sau xov xwm, sau ntawv thiab txhais lus.

Txij li xyoo 1931, Romm yog tus pabcuam thawj coj ntawm Soyuzkino studio, thiab xyoo 1934 nws thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab, Pyshka, raug tso tawm.

Hauv xyoo 1936 nws tau ntsib nws tus poj niam yav tom ntej, ua yeeb yam Yelena Kuzmina, uas tau ua yeeb yam hauv nws zaj duab xis Kaum Peb.

Xyoo 1937 thiab 1939, Romm tau ua ob zaj yeeb yaj kiab txog Lenin ("Lenin thaum Lub Kaum Hli" thiab "Lenin hauv 1918"), ua tsaug rau nws tau txais kev lees paub.

Xyoo 1941 nws tau ua ib daim duab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, Npau suav.

Txij li xyoo 1938, Romm qhia kev ncaj ncees ntawm VGIK. Ntawm nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv muaj ntau classics ntawm Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab xinesmas: A. Tarkovsky, V. Shukshin, T. Abuladze, D. Asanova, G. Chukhrai, B. Yashin, S. Solovyov thiab lwm tus.

In 1956 Romm's melodrama "Murder on Dante Street" tau tso tawm. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau ua tiav ntawm lub npov chaw ua haujlwm thiab qhuas cov tub ntxhais hluas Mikhail Kozakov uas ua si hauv nws.

Xyoo 1962, nws ua yeeb yaj kiab "Nine Hnub Ib Xyoo", uas dhau los ua ib theem tshiab hauv nws txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim.

Xyoo 1965, Romm tau ua yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yaj kiab "Ordinary Fascism" - kev kawm siv yeeb yaj kiab ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws loj. Qhov kawg documentary zaj duab xis los ntawm Mikhail Romm "Thiab tseem kuv ntseeg …" tseemua tsis tiav thiab ua tiav tom qab nws tuag los ntawm M. Khutsiev thiab E. Klimov.

Nws tuag thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1, 1971, raug faus rau ntawm Novodevichy Cemetery hauv Moscow.

Thiab tam sim no ob peb lo lus hais txog cov yeeb yaj kiab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Mikhail Romm.

Pyshka

Romm's debut zaj duab xis "Pyshka", tso tawm rau xyoo 1934, tau los ua ib qho ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas ntsiag to kawg hauv Soviet Union - tib lub xyoo, kev hloov pauv ntawm Soviet xinesmas mus rau suab paj nruag tau ua tiav. "Dumpling" (raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Guy de Maupassant) yog ib zaj dab neeg hais txog kev ua phem ntawm bourgeois zej zog, qhia txog cov txiv neej siab phem thiab tus poj niam saib xyuas. Ib qho ntawm ntau qhov zoo ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab yog cov cam khwb cia: piv txwv li, Faina Ranevskaya ua nws thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab no.

Thirteen

Michael Romm's 1936 zaj duab xis "Thirteen" tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov neeg sab hnub poob, uas yog John Ford's "The Poob Patrol". "Thirteen" yog ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab taug txuj kev nyuaj thiab kev ua tsov ua rog uas qhia txog kev tawm tsam ntawm Red Army detachment nrog Basmachi (ib pawg neeg koom nrog hauv Central Asia uas tawm tsam Soviet lub zog). Daim duab no suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm thawj Soviet "duab suab puam" lossis "Easterns" (yog li muaj npe los ntawm kev sib piv nrog Westerns). Nws cuam tshuam tsis tau tsuas yog Soviet xinesmas, tab sis kuj rau lub ntiaj teb no: peb remakes ntawm "Thirteen" twb tom qab films nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States - "Sahara" los ntawm Zoltan Kord, "Sahara" los ntawm Brian Trenchard-Smith thiab "The Last of the Comanches" los ntawm Andre. ua ntej Thoth.

Zoo Siab

Xyoo 1941 zaj duab xis "Dream" yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yaj kiab uas tshwm sim thiab muaj kev ntxhov siab rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv nce qib ntawm tib lub npe, lawv txoj hmoo tawg, kev cia siab thiab kev poob siab, lub gulf ntawm qhov kev xav zoo nkauj thiab kev nyuaj siab tiag tiag. Tsuas yog tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb, ib tug ntxhais hluas uas tau tawm hauv lub zos, muaj lub zog txaus kom tsis txhob tawg, tab sis mus txuas ntxiv mus nrhiav nws txoj kev zoo siab. Faina Ranevskaya ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub hostess ntawm Rosa Skorokhod boarding tsev. Tom qab saib Txoj Kev Npau Suav, Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm Franklin Roosevelt tau hu nws ua tus ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj, thiab zaj duab xis nws tus kheej tau zoo heev. Zaj duab xis "Dream" Mikhail Romm hu ua "tus kheej heev" - nws yog raws li nws thaum yau nco, cim ntawm nws cov txheeb ze.

cuaj hnub ntawm ib xyoos

"Nib Hnub Ntawm Ib Xyoo" tau tso tawm xyoo 1962 thiab dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo caum. Daim duab no qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm nuclear physicists thiab cov teeb meem kev ncaj ncees uas lawv ntsib thaum lawv tshawb fawb. Cov yeeb yaj kiab "Nine Hnub ntawm Ib Xyoo" cim qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus tshiab Soviet hero - tus kws tshawb fawb, kev txawj ntse. Lub ntsiab lus no yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau yam hauj lwm ntawm lub sixties: nws yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm ib tug surge ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv science, kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv vim li cas, nrhiav ib tug tshiab aesthetics.

Txiv neej fascism

"Ordinary Fascism" (1965) yog ib qho ntaub ntawv uas siv cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntawm Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees, uas, nrog kev pab kho thiab suab paj nruag nrog, dhau los ua tus sau cov lus.tus thawj coj. Ib tug feature ntawm zaj duab xis yog lub off-screen suab ntawm tus thawj coj Mikhail Romm nws tus kheej - nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub solemnity thiab facelessness paub nyob rau hauv documentary films, nws lub suab zoo li tib neeg, zoo tib yam, ciaj sia, uas ntxiv hais txog lub anti-totalitarian pathos ntawm zaj duab xis. Zaj duab xis "Ordinary Fascism" tau ua tiav zoo: 25 lab tus neeg saib nws hauv ob xyoos.