Cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub no

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj yog txheeb ze. Ib daim ntawv luam tawm zoo tam sim no yog ib txoj haujlwm uas coj kev nplij siab, kev tawm tswv yim, kev paub, kev txawj ntse, kev xav zoo rau ib tug neeg. Yog li, lub sijhawm txhais yog qhov txaus siab ntawm phau ntawv nrog qhov kev thov ntawm tus nyeem ntawv.

Rau qee tus neeg, tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb: documentary, scientific, technical, kev kho mob, kev lag luam. Tab sis nws yog ntau ntawm cov khoom noj rau kev xav. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov neeg nyeem tseem nyiam cov phau ntawv tseeb. Lawv pab tsim cov duab ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Lawv yuav tau tham hauv kab lus no.

Phau ntawv kos duab yog ib qho kev tsim tshwj xeeb. Pleiades ntawm cov neeg xav ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv thiab eras ntseeg daim ntawv nrog lawv txoj kev cia siab, kev soj ntsuam, kev nkag siab txog qhov tseeb, lub neej, tib neeg. Nws yog qhov zoo heev thaum cov duab tiag tiag tsim los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv no, nrog rau cov lus sib sib zog nqus thiab tshwj xeeb (qee zaum kaum xyoo dhau los, thiab qee zaum ntau pua xyoo dhau los)Teeb lub neej ntawm peb cov neeg tiam no!

Role of the Russian Book of the Year contest

Cov txheej txheem kev sau ntawv tam sim no hauv tebchaws Russia yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev decadence:

• kev muaj tswv yim tau dhau mus lawm: cov kws sau ntawv feem ntau sau txhua yam, tsuav yog tus nyeem nyiam;
• mutation of language expressive styles;
• lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm impromptu thaum tus sau muab kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev lig kev cai;
• ntawv tau txais cov cim ntawm ntau txheej, sib tham sib;
• tib neeg ib puag ncig yog piav qhia tias muaj kev kub ntxhov, tsis paub, tsis muaj ntsiab lus.

Txhawm rau coj cov txheej txheem sau ntawv hauv kev tsim qauv, kom tsis txhob muaj kev yaig ntawm lub tebchaws thiab txhawb kev pib txawj ntse tiag tiag hauv nws yog txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua niaj hnub Lavxias. Ib qho kev qhia txog kev ua tiav ntawm cov phau ntawv sau los ntawm peb cov neeg kawm tiav yog cov kev sib tw hauv tebchaws txhua xyoo ntawm "Phau Ntawv Xyoo" hom. Lawv tau teeb tsa los txhawb ob tus kws sau ntawv thiab tshaj tawm.

Piv txwv li, hauv kev sib tw Lavxias xyoo 2014, ib txwm muaj nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Cuaj Hli, 150 lub tsev tshaj tawm tau koom nrog, xa ntau tshaj li ib nrab ib txhiab phau ntawv rau kev sib tw. Cov yeej tau tshaj tawm hauv 8 pawg:

• prose ua haujlwm - tus tshiab "Lub Abode" (Zakhar Prilepin);
• poetic ua haujlwm - txhais ntawm Shakespeare's "King Lear" (Gigory Kruzhkov);
• xov xwm rau menyuam yaus - zaj dab neeg "Tus qaib nees caij qhov twg?" (Svetlana Lavova);
• phau ntawv kos duab - "Kargopol Journey"(npaj los ntawm lub zos architecture thiab kos duab tsev cia puav pheej);
• Humanitas xaiv tsa - Lermontov's feature documentary album (State Archive of Arts and Literature);
• phau ntawv hluav taws xob - xov xwm qhov project "Yasnaya Polyana" thiab "Yaroslavl Tuam Tsev" (project bureau "Sputnik");
• npe "Printed in Russia" - album "Vetka. Phau ntawv kab lis kev cai”;
• Qhov khoom plig tseem ceeb ntawm "Phau Ntawv Xyoo 2014" kev sib tw yog peb phau ntawv "Russia hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog I" (ib pab pawg ntawm 190 tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, tsev cia puav pheej, cov ntaub ntawv).

Summarizing: lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib tw tau hais los saum no yog los tsa cov xwm txheej ntawm phau ntawv hauv lub neej tam sim no; kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov tshaj tawm. Tshaj li kaum rau xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, qhov kev tshwm sim no tau ua pov thawj hauv kev xyaum nws lub luag haujlwm txhawb nqa hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias.

Tsawg kawg, lawv tau xaiv tsa cov neeg sau ntawv Lavxias uas tuaj yeem raug hu ua classics:

• 2004, kev xaiv tsa "Prose" - "Ua siab rau koj li, Shurik" (Lyudmila Ulitskaya); Nomination "Bestseller" - "Hmo ntuj Saib" (Sergey Lukyanenko);
• 2005, kev xaiv tsa "Prose" - "Voltairians thiab Voltairians" (Vasily Aksenov);
• 2011, xaiv "Prose" - "Kuv Lieutenant" (Daniil Ganin).

International book ratings

Raws li peb tau hais lawm, phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, xav tau tshaj plaws, ua tsaug rau qhov kev xav tau crystallized hauv lawv, dhau los ua phooj ywg tiag tiag, pab tswv yim, kev xyiv fab rau lawv cov neeg nyeem. Thiab cov kws sau ntawv lawv hu ua classics.

Tsim los ntawm cov txuj ci, cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kawm qib siabcov tsev kawm ntawv, lawv tau hais dav dav hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

Kev zam niaj hnub los ua txhua yam uas nyob ib puag ncig peb tsis tau hla cov ntaub ntawv.

Yam tsawg kawg ntawm kev taug kev hauv lub vev xaib qhia ntau ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm 100 Phau Ntawv Zoo Tshaj Plaws.

Cov npe no muaj qee tus nqi. Ua tsaug rau lawv, nws yooj yim dua rau cov neeg nyeem tshiab los nrhiav cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws los nyeem ntawm kaum thiab ntau pua txhiab ntawm cov haujlwm. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg xav tias nws qhov khoob ntawm kev paub ntawm lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai (ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws), ces qhov kev ntsuas no tuaj yeem dhau los ua daim ntawv qhia kev.

Yuav xaiv dab tsi rau qhov chaw zoo li no? Yog tias koj txaus siab rau hauv ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, ces peb xav kom siv ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm version:

• English Broadcasting Company (BBC);
• ntawv xov xwm Askiv Tus Saib Xyuas;
• Union of Writers of Russia;
• Fabkis ntawv xov xwm Le Monde;
• American publishing house Modern Library;
• Norwegian Book Club.

Tau kawg, lub koom haum xov xwm ntawm txhua lub tebchaws, teev cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, sim muab cov chaw ua thawj coj hauv cov npe rau cov kws sau ntawv-cov phooj ywg hauv lub tebchaws. Thiab nws yog kev ncaj ncees. Tom qab tag nrho, cov txuj ci ntawm cov classics paub, uas tsim lawv cov masterpieces los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thaum ub mus rau niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb incomparable. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tus kheej, nrhiav txoj hauv kev rau cov neeg nyeem lub siab.

Ib yam tshwm sim uas los rau peb tom qabMillennium: Phau ntawv ntawm Ancient World

Cov npe ntawm cov phau ntawv uas tau nqis los rau peb dhau ib txhiab xyoo thiab tau txais los ntawm lwm lub sijhawm muaj tsawg heev. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv kuj tshwm sim hauv kev ntsuas niaj hnub. Yog vim li ntawd peb thiaj sau txog lawv. Hmoov tsis zoo, keeb kwm tsis tau khaws cia cov tsev qiv ntawv thaum ub: Lwm haiv neeg tau tawm tsam nrog cov phau ntawv ib yam li nrog cov yeeb ncuab. Yog li, piv txwv li, lub tsev qiv ntawv nplua nuj tshaj plaws ntawm Alexandria, suav txog 700,000 papyrus scrolls, raug rhuav tshem.

Cov phau ntawv twg ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv yuav tsum tau hais ua ntej thaum hais txog lub ntiaj teb thaum ub? Yog lawm, koob meej hauv Latin tsim nyog Publius Virgil Maro, tus sau ntawm Aeneid, thiab hauv Greek thaum ub - Homer, tus sau ntawm Odyssey thiab Iliad. Coj los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm Virgil, tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias thiab tus kws sau paj huam Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov tau tsim lub suab lus-tonic ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, uas tau ua haujlwm los ua ib qho chaw pib rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam..

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog Virgil thiab Homer nkaus xwb suav tias yog cov classics qub. Horace, Cicero, Caesar kuj ua haujlwm hauv Latin, thiab Aristotle, Plato, Aristophanes hauv Greek thaum ub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ob lub npe hais ua ntej uas nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum ub mus rau qhov loj tshaj.

Phau ntawv ntawm Tebchaws Europe hauv lub sijhawm tsim kev lag luam

Cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws, tau kawg, yog sawv cev los ntawm cov npe sau ntau dua li tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Ancient Rome. Qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov xeev European.

Fabkis, nrog rau nws Txoj Kev Loj Hlob, tsa lub neej romantic rau tib neeg kev ntshaw rau kev ywj pheej, kev sib luag, kev sib raug zoo. Hauv German cov ntaub ntawv,pib tsim nws tus kheej lub xeev, nyob rau hauv unison nrog Fabkis, romanticism kuj yeej.

Kev sib piv, kev lag luam, kev lag luam hauv nroog thiab kev nom kev tswv teb chaws Aas Kiv - tus poj niam ntawm lub hiav txwv - pom cov txheej txheem sau ntawv muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab paub tab, leaning rau realism.

Nws feem ntau lees txais tias cov kws sau ntawv nto moo tshaj plaws sau ua lus Fab Kis thaum lub sijhawm yog Victor Hugo (Les Misérables, Notre Dame Cathedral) thiab George Sand (Consuelo).

Txawm li cas los xij, hais txog Fabkis txoj kev txhawb nqa rau ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, peb yuav tsum hais txog cov npe ntawm Alexander Dumas père ("Iron Mask", "Peb Musketeers", "Tus suav ntawm Monte Cristo"), Voltaire (tus. paj huam "Agaphocles"), Charles Baudelaire (sau cov paj huam "Parisian Spleen", "Flowers of Evil"), Molière ("Tartuffe", "The Tradesman in the Nobility", "The Miser"), Stendhal ("Perm Convent")., "Liab thiab Dub"), Balzac ("Gobsek", "Eugene Gandet", "Godis-sar"), Prosper Merimee ("Chronicles of the times of Charles IX", "Tamango").

Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv nyiam nyiam ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thaum ntxov bourgeois yuav txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev hais txog cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg Mev thiab cov neeg German. Ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Spanish classical ntaub ntawv yog Cervantes ("Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote ntawm La Mancha"). Ntawm German classics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe ua nto moo ("Faust", "Wild Rose"), Heinrich Heine ("Journey through the Harz"), Friedrich Schiller ("The Fiesco Conspiracy in Genoa", "Robbers"), Franz Kafka ("Missing", "Process").

Romance taug txuj kev nyuaj phau ntawv eschewed lub neej tiag tiag, lawv zaj dab neeg yog raws likev ua ntawm tus phab ej tshwj xeeb hauv cov xwm txheej txawv txawv.

The Rise of British Literature

Nyob rau xyoo 19th, cov kws sau ntawv Askiv tau raug suav hais tias yog tus tsim cai lij choj ntawm "phau ntawv zam" nyob rau sab av loj. Cov kws sau ntawv Fab Kis, pib los ntawm Great Revolution, tau them tsawg dua tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Napoleon Bonaparte.

Cov lus Askiv muaj lawv tus kheej kev sau ntawv. Rov qab rau xyoo pua 14th, tag nrho lub ntiaj teb tau lees paub qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm William Shakespeare thiab cov tswv yim tshiab ntawm Thomas More. Tsim lawv cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub zej zog kev lag luam ruaj khov, cov kws sau ntawv Askiv twb nyob hauv lub xyoo pua 18th tau pib hloov pauv hloov pauv los ntawm cov kev sib hlub classic chivalric (romanticism) mus rau kev sib raug zoo, kev xav.

Lawv pragmatically ntau dua li Fab Kis sim teb cov lus nug txog kev xav: "Tus txiv neej yog dab tsi, thiab dab tsi yog Society?" Cov neeg xav tshiab no yog Daniel Defoe (Robinson Crusoe) thiab Jonathan Swift (Gulliver). Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, Tebchaws Askiv tau cim cov kev taw qhia tshiab ntawm kev nyiam romantic, raws li qhia los ntawm George Gordon Byron, tus sau ntawm Don Juan thiab Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.

Kev sau ntawv ntawm kev muaj tiag hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19 tau tsim muaj zog los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv nto moo hauv qab no:

- tus txawj ntse Charles Dickens (tus uas F. M. Dostoevsky tom qab hu nws tus kws qhia ntawv);

- kev txawj ntse rau qhov tsis sib xws, ua rau muaj kev tshaib nqhis thiab kev txom nyem, Charlotte Bronte, nto moo rau qhov tshiab "Jane Eyre";

- tus tsim ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto moo Sherlock Holmes - Arthur Conan Doyle;

- Thomas Hardy, ntawm nws lub hauv caug thiab raug tsim txom los ntawm cov xovxwm tsis ncaj ("Tess of the Dabervilles").

Russian golden cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Cov npe loj tshaj

Classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem xyuam nrog lub ntiaj teb feem ntau nrog cov npe ntawm Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Txawm hais tias feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th (uas feem ntau lees paub) cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias tau dhau los ua qhov tshwm sim kev coj noj coj ua zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau theem thoob ntiaj teb.

Cia peb piav qhia saum toj no. Tolstoy's style ntawm kev sau ntawv dab neeg tau dhau los ua classic indisputable. Yog li, tus kws sau ntawv Asmeskas Margaret Mitchell tau sau nws lub npe nrov epic "Gone with the Wind", ua raws li cov qauv ntawm Lev Nikolayevich.

Txoj kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm tus qauv siab tshaj plaws hauv Dostoevsky txoj haujlwm kuj tau lees paub hauv ntiaj teb. Tshwj xeeb, tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo Freud tau thov tias tsis muaj leej twg hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem qhia nws txhua yam tshiab txog lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm tib neeg, tsis muaj leej twg tsuas yog Fyodor Mikhailovich.

Thiab Chekhov qhov kev tsim kho tshiab tau txhawb cov neeg sau ntawv kom pib sau cov haujlwm raws li lub ntiaj teb ntawm tib neeg txoj kev xav. Tshwj xeeb, tus neeg ua yeeb yam British ua yeeb yam Bernard Shaw lees paub nws tus kheej ua nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th tau txais ob qho tib si muaj zog ideological kev noj haus thiab ib tug tshiab vector ntawm kev loj hlob los ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.

Yog li ntawd, cov phooj ywg, nyeem "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb", "Anna Karenina", "Kev Ua Phem thiab Kev rau txim", "Dab Ntxwg Nyoog", "Cherry Orchard", "Lub Seagull" yog koj lub luag haujlwm dawb ceev.

A note on literary ratings

Qhov tseeb tseem: ntawm ntau pua txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, ib feem tseem ceeb yog nyob ntawmcov phau ntawv sau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th. Nws yog cov kws sau ntawv no uas feem ntau tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, rau cov txheej txheem inertial thiab tsis tsim nyog ruaj khov tau tsim.

Nws puas ncaj ncees? Tsis yog kiag li. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los hloov cov ntaub ntawv kawm, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub saj ntawm cov neeg nyeem siab heev. Nyob rau hauv peb lub tswv yim, tej hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th thiab 21st centuries yuav tsum nyob tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li cov hauj lwm ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm.

Cov classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no tsis yog tsuas yog tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, tab sis kuj cov phau ntawv ntawm Mikhail Bulgakov, Viktor Pelevin. Peb txhob txwm tshaj tawm qhov kev xav piv txwv, hais txog tib lub npe ntawm cov kws sau paj huam thiab cov kws sau ntawv nto moo.

Tshaj lub ncauj lus: "Cov phau ntawv twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws?", nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia kom meej ntxiv txog cov haujlwm ntawm cov classics ntawm tam sim no thiab yav dhau los centuries.

Phau Ntawv Zoo Tshaj los ntawm BBC. Qhov muag tseem ceeb

Qhov thib ib hauv qeb duas ntawm cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, raws li BBC, coj John Ronald Tolkien's novel-trilogy "Tus Tswv ntawm Rings". Peb yuav xyuam xim tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam no. Cov phau ntawv nrog qhov tob ntawm zaj dab neeg no, raws li cov dab neeg thaum ub, muaj tsawg heev.

Dab tsi txhawb cov kws tshaj lij rau kev ntaus nqi siab? Tseeb tiag, tus xibfwb ntawm Oxford University tau ua tiav Tebchaws Askiv tau txais kev pabcuam zoo nrog nws txoj haujlwm txaus nyiam tshaj plaws. Nws, tau kawm tob thiab nkag siab txog cov lus dab neeg ntawm Foggy Albion (tam sim no tawg ri niab thiab fragmentary), piv txwv li hais lus, untwisted nws los ntawm ib tug xov thiab wove nws mus rau hauv ib lub tswv yim.kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov phem. Nws tsis txaus hais tias nws tau ua nws nrog kev txawj ntse. Ib qho kev xav paub tseeb ua tim khawv rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm trilogy. Muaj ib hnub, ib tug phooj ywg kws tshawb fawb npau taws tuaj rau tus sau ntawm Tus Tswv ntawm Rings tom qab nws cov lus qhuab qhia thiab liam tus kws sau ntawv ntawm plagiarism.

Cov lus tseeb niaj hnub, tej zaum, tam sim no tsis muaj kev koom tes zoo li no. Tus kws sau ntawv tus neeg sib tw tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb, nws tau coj mus rau tus kws sau ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm "Lub Nplhaib" tsis paub cov ntawv luam ntawm cov duab kos los ntawm British keeb kwm yav dhau los, uas zoo li qhia txog Tolkien txoj haujlwm.

Nws tshwm sim! Ib tug neeg tswj qhov tsis yooj yim sua - sib sau ua ke, systematize thiab, dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb, nthuav qhia cov lus dab neeg thaum ub ntawm nws lub tebchaws nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev nthuav dav. Tsis xav tsis thoob poj huab tais Elizabeth II muab khoom plig rau tus kws sau ntawv lub npe hu ua Chevalier ntawm Britain.

Qee lwm phau ntawv BBC ntaus nqi

Kev lig kev cai, cov lus Askiv cov ntaub ntawv ntaus nqi nthuav tawm cov phau ntawv classic ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, piv txwv li, Anglo-American cov ntawv nyeem (novels):

• Cov Khoom Siv Tsaus Ntuj rau menyuam yaus txoj kev npau suav trilogy (Philip Pullman).
• Kill a Mockingbird (Harper Lee).
• "1984" (George Orwell).
• "Rebecca" (Daphne Du Maurier).
• Tus Catcher hauv Rye (Jerome Salinger).
• The Great Gatsby (Francis Fitzgerald).

Kev xav ntawm cov neeg nyeem Lavxias

Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau muab rau qhov ncaj ncees ntawm kev ntaus nqi Askiv ntawm Lavxias lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov neeg nyiam phau ntawv? Cov lus teb luv luv: tsis meej pem.

Qhov kev ntaus nqi siab yog muab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv George Orwell. Rau ntau tus nyeemnws nyiam phau ntawv yog ib qho kev zoo siab tshiab nrog ib zaj dab neeg uas tsis paub txog - "Rebecca". Rau kev nyeem ntawv, cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm kev taug kev ntawm tus ntxhais Lyra Belacqua los ntawm Oxford los ntawm lub ntiaj teb zoo heev los ntawm Philip Pullman.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov lus txhawb siab heev. Piv txwv li, rau cov neeg nyeem ntawv hauv tsev uas tau poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog cov dab neeg xws li Bulgakov's realistic-mystical tshiab Tus Tswv thiab Margarita, Kws Kho Mob Zhivago los ntawm Boris Pasternak, nrog rau Picnic los ntawm Txoj Kev thiab Doomed City los ntawm Strugatsky cov kwv tij, muab tso rau. nws me ntsis, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas BBC tsis meej meej.

Kev nkag siab kom raug: peb tsis yog los ntawm kev sim txo qis tus nqi kos duab ntawm ntau tus neeg muaj txuj ci tshiab xws li Catch 22, Great Gatsby, Tus Catcher hauv Rye, thaum peb hais qhov tseeb: lawv hom yog kev xav. tshiab. Lawv puas tuaj yeem hais txog lub hom phiaj, sib tw nrog ntau qhov teeb meem ua haujlwm Tus Tswv thiab Margarita?

Cov phau ntawv-tshiab, tsis tu ncua qhia tsuas yog ib qho kev xav ntawm tus sau, yuav tsum tau muab qeb qis dua! Tom qab tag nrho, lawv qhov tob ntawm lub ntsiab lus yog pib txwv los ntawm kev tsim, tsis muaj ntim, multidimensionality. Yog li ntawd, raws li peb cov neeg nyeem, qhov tsis txaus ntseeg qhov chaw ntawm cov dab neeg tshiab-cov tswv yim hauv cov npe ntawm cov phau ntawv ntawm txoj haujlwm siab dua War thiab Peace lossis Master thiab Margarita yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg kiag li.

Cov phau ntawv niaj hnub postmodern

Postmodernist cov phau ntawv niaj hnub no tej zaum nyob rau lub ncov ntawm qhov chaw, raws li lawv sawv cev rau lub tswv yim antithesis ntawm ib tug stagnating haiv neeg ntawm pawg.noj. Cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub postmodern dissect cov neeg siv txoj kev ua neej uas nyob ib puag ncig lawv, muaj kev tshaj tawm tsis muaj dab tsi thiab cov qub ci ntsa iab zoo nkauj.

Cov kws sau tswv yim zoo li no tseem muaj nyob hauv Asmeskas tau noj zoo. Pom zoo nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws raws li ib tug tiag tiag connoisseur ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, tus sau ntawm Italian keeb kwm Don DeLillo (underworld novels, "White Noise"). Lwm tus kws tshawb fawb Italian, tus xibfwb ntawm semiotics ntawm University of Bologna, Umberto Eco, immerses tus nyeem ntawv nyob rau hauv xws li kev txawj ntse nplua nuj txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ("Foucault's Pendulum", "Lub Npe Rose") uas nws cov creations yog nyob rau hauv kev thov los ntawm ib tug. cov neeg txawj ntse.

Ib tug softer postmodern yog qhia los ntawm lwm tus sau. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab niaj hnub cov ntaub ntawv ntawm no qauv yog Boris Akunin. Cov phau ntawv ntawm cov classic niaj hnub no ("The Adventures of Erast Fandorin", "Azazel", "The Adventures of Sister Pelageya") yog nyob rau hauv kev thov los ntawm cov neeg nyeem ntau thiab txawm filmed. Ntau tus neeg nco txog lub hwj chim ntawm tus sau cov txuj ci, nws cov txuj ci txawj ntse, muaj peev xwm tsim cov dab neeg ntxim nyiam. Hauv nws qhov kev xav, nws qhia txog tus kheej lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb ntawm tus cwj pwm oriental.

Tom qab no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom hauv nws "Jade Rosary" thiab "Pob zeb Diamond Chariot".

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas, txaus siab rau cov neeg nyeem nrog cov dab neeg tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm cov xwm txheej keeb kwm ntawm Russia, niaj hnub classic Akunin tsis hla cov teeb meem ntawm kev txom nyem, kev noj nyiaj txiag thiab tub sab. Nws cov phau ntawv, txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem nruj ntawm cov keeb kwm keeb kwm. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, hom lus no hu ua pej xeem-keeb kwm.

Chronological point uas txiav txim siab pibLub tswv yim ntawm "cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab" yog xyoo 1991. Txij thaum ntawd los, tam sim no kaw tej hauj lwm ntawm cov sau phau ntawv ntawm lub sixties tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm cov neeg nyeem dav dav:

• "Sandro los ntawm Chegem" los ntawm Fazil Iskander.
• "Crimea Island" los ntawm Vasily Aksenov.
• "Nyob thiab Nco" los ntawm Valentin Rasputin.

Tom qab lawv, cov neeg sau ntawv niaj hnub tuaj rau cov ntawv nyeem, uas nws lub ntiaj teb kev xav tau pib los ntawm perestroika. Ntxiv nrog rau cov lus hais saum toj no, Boris Akunin, lwm cov hnub qub Lavxias teb sab hnub qub ntawm thawj qhov loj kuj ci ntsa iab: Viktor Pelevin ("Numbers", "Lub Neej ntawm Kab", "Chapaev thiab Emptiness", "T", "Empire V.”) thiab Lyudmila Ulitskaya (“Cov Ntaub Ntawv ntawm Kukotsky”,“Ua siab ncaj rau koj li, Shurik”,“Medea thiab nws cov menyuam).

Modern fantasy books

Tej zaum lub cim ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsis zoo yog qhov rov ua dua ntawm hom kev nyiam romantic, sawv rov los rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev npau suav. Dab tsi tsim nyog tsuas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muaj koob meej ntawm lub voj voog ntawm Harry Potter cov dab neeg los ntawm JK Rowling! Qhov no yog qhov tseeb: txhua yam rov qab mus rau qhov qub, kev nyiam romantic tau rov qab los ntawm qhov ploj ntawm qhov tseeb!

Txawm li cas los lawv hais tias kev muaj tiag ib zaug (hauv 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX) tsoo romanticism kom tuag, txawm li cas los xij lawv zais nws qhov kev kub ntxhov, tab sis nws rov qab rau nees! Nws yog ib qho nyuaj tsis pom. Cia peb nco qab tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov lus txhais ntawm qhov kev sau ntawv no: "Exceptional heroes ua nyob rau hauv tej yam txawv txawv." Tsis yog nqe lus kawg nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm fantasy?! Yuav ntxiv dab tsi ntxiv…

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov kws sau ntawv Lavxias tam sim no sau cov phau ntawv fantasy tau nrov heevthiab ua kom pom kev nyeem ntawv siab. Cov haujlwm hauv qab no ntawm hom ntawv no tuaj yeem pom zoo rau cov neeg nyeem nyeem:

• "Hmo ntuj saib", "Hnub Saib" (Sergey Lukyanenko).
• Forbidden Reality, Gospel of the Beast, Catharsis (Vasily Golovachev).
• Lub voj voog ntawm cov dab neeg "Lub Nroog Secret", lub voj voog "Enclaves" (Vadim Panov).

Cia peb kuj nco qab qhov muaj koob meej ntawm lub voj voog fantasy The Witcher los ntawm Polish kws sau ntawv Andrzej Sapkowski hauv Russia. Hauv ib lo lus, cov phau ntawv taug txuj kev nyuaj tam sim no tau pom zoo rau cov neeg nyeem.

Cov phau ntawv pom zoo los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws

Tshawb nrhiav cov rooj sib tham ntawm cov neeg nyeem hauv tsev, peb pom tias ntawm cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo pua 20th, cov phau ntawv uas tsis yog European thiab tsis yog Asmeskas tau hais ntau zaus. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm lawv muaj cov haujlwm ci ntsa iab thiab txawj ntse:

• "Ib puas xyoo ntawm kev nyob ntsiag to" (Colombian Gabriel Garcia Marquez).
• "Poj niam hauv Sands" (Japanese Abe Kobo).
• Tau rau Barbarians (South African John Coetzee).

Zoo kawg

tsis muaj tseeb! Cov phau ntawv ntawm nws cov neeg sau ntawv (lub ntsiab lus zoo tshaj plaws) tus neeg nruab nrab, hmoov tsis, ib tug priori yuav tsis muaj peev xwm nyeem tau thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Yog li ntawd, navigation nyob rau hauv lub boundless "hiav txwv" ntawm cov phau ntawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. "Vim li cas nws thiaj li yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo nyeem?" tus neeg tsis paub yuav nug…

Peb yuav teb: “Yog, txhawm rau kho koj lub neej, ua phooj ywg tiag! Tom qab tag nrho, phau ntawv yog ob tus kws pab tswv yim, thiab kev txhawb siab, thiab kev nplij siab.

Hauv kev xaus, peb nco ntsoov tias yog koj tom qabYog tias koj muaj hmoo txaus los nrhiav tsawg kawg kaum ob phau ntawv, txhua yam, zoo li rab diav rawg, yog qhov zoo rau koj, koj tus ntsuj plig hauv qee qhov xwm txheej hauv lub neej, ces peb yuav xav tias peb tsis tau ua haujlwm rau tsab xov xwm no tsis muaj nuj nqis. Zoo siab nyeem!