John Keats: biography, tus kheej lub neej, tswv yim thiab quotes

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

John Keats yog tus kws sau ntawv Askiv Romantic tshaj plaws. Ntxiv nrog rau cov paj huam zoo nkauj, cov ntawv zoo tau sau los ntawm nws tus cwj mem, hais rau cov phooj ywg thiab cov txheeb ze, thiab sawv cev tsis yog tsuas yog kev xav, tab sis kuj yog kev nyiam kos duab. Phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm John Keats yog luv heev, tab sis nws tau tso tseg ib qho keeb kwm yav dhau los. Nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, thiab nws ua haujlwm tsuas yog rau xyoo, Keats tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus kws sau paj huam. Cov hauj lwm tsim los ntawm nws tau nkag mus rau hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lus Askiv thiab suav tias yog phau ntawv kawm.

Txhua Keats 'ua haujlwm yog cim los ntawm lub cim ntawm tus neeg txawj ntse thiab yog ib theem tshiab hauv ntiaj teb paj huam. Tus kws sau paj huam, cia siab tias nws yuav tawm mus ntxov, ua haujlwm ntawm ntug ntawm nws tus kheej lub peev xwm, ua tiav nws tus kheej rau kev muaj tswv yim.

Tus kws sau paj huam John Keats, uas nws cov paj huam tau hu rau cov neeg nyeem kom tig lawv lub qhov muag mus rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab pab lawv dhia hauv siab mus rau cov vajtswv thiab tus phab ej thaum ub, yug thaum Lub Kaum Hli 31, 1795 hauv tsev neeg txom nyem thiab txom nyem. ntawm Thomas Keats, tus tswvruaj khov. Tsev neeg nyob hauv London thiab muaj plaub tus menyuam, uas yog John yog tus hlob. Cov kwv tij hu ua George (1797-1741) thiab Tom (1799-1818), tus muam yog Fanny (1803-1889). Cov niam txiv tuag ntxov: leej txiv - xyoo 1804, niam - xyoo 1810. Muaj ob peb cov nyiaj khaws cia hauv tsev neeg, tab sis lawv tseem muaj peev xwm cia cov kwv tij kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv muaj koob npe, thiab tus hlob, John, tau txais kev kho mob. Ib tug kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv uas lawv kawm, Charles Clark, tau los ua phooj ywg nrog John thiab saib xyuas nws tag nrho thaum nws kawm. Nws yog nws uas tau qhia Keats rau cov khoom qub qub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Askiv, qhia nws kom hnov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm paj huam subtly thiab qhia nws rau romanticism.

Youth

Los ntawm 1811 txog 1815, John Keats yog ib tus neeg xyaum haujlwm hauv tsev kho mob London, tom qab ntawd nws tau xeem dhau txoj cai los xyaum tshuaj. Tab sis lub neej hloov tawm txawv. Los ntawm nws tus kheej kev lees paub, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, nws xav tias nws txoj kev xav mus rau thaj chaw deb ntawm cov tshuaj. Nws, tuav ib tug scalpel nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes, sau paj huam. Nws tsis tuaj yeem mus zoo li no tau ntev, thiab yog li ntawd Keats tsis txuas nws lub neej nrog tshuaj, tab sis tso tawm ntawm lub khob cij dawb ntawm tus kws sau paj huam dawb.

Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd nws twb kawm ntawv zoo heev, ua tsaug rau Edmund Spenser thiab Homer thiab tau koom nrog paj huam. Ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm lub voj voog no, pej xeem hu ua "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Plains", yog tus thuam Lee Hunt, uas tom qab ntawd los ua phooj ywg thiab tshaj tawm ntawm Keats.

Lee Hunt

Lee Hent (1784-1859) sib nrug ntawm kev thuam tau koom nrog kev sau xov xwm, ua yeeb yam thiab paj huam. Nws yog ib tug neeg ncaj ncees thiab ua siab loj. Nwsluam tawm nws tus kheej phau ntawv journal, nyob rau hauv uas nws furiously denounced lub vices ntawm haiv neeg thiab cov nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim. Rau nws cov lus, Hunt txawm raug kaw rau ob xyoos. Qhov no tsim ib tug aura ntawm ib tug martyr nyob ib ncig ntawm nws thiab zoo heev nce tus naj npawb ntawm admirers. Tus kws sau paj huam John Keats tau sau nws thawj tus tub hauv xyoo 1815 ua kev qhuas txog Lee Khent kev tso tawm hauv tsev loj cuj.

Hent yog thawj zaug pom cov txuj ci ci ntsa iab hauv Keats thiab txhua txoj hauv kev tau pab txhawb rau nws txoj kev loj hlob. Nws tsis tsuas yog pab John los ua pov thawj nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj qhia nws rau feem ntau ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm Renaissance, thiab kuj coj Keats mus rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Askiv. Lee Hunt tau tso lub hauv paus rau Keats zaj paj huam yav tom ntej, qhib lub ntiaj teb kev hlub rau nws.

kev hlub

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, romanticism tshwm sim hauv European thiab Asmeskas kab lis kev cai thaum kaj ntug ntawm kev lag luam kiv puag ncig. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog rov qab mus rau qhov xwm txheej, kev xav, mus rau qhov qub. Romanticism yog ib qho kev tshwm sim rau Enlightenment - lub realm ntawm rationalism, scientific kev paub ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, lub secularization ntawm haiv neeg. Romantics xav rov qab kev ntseeg rau tus txiv neej raws li saj rau infinity, raws li ib tug irrational tivthaiv ntawm kev nkag siab txog kev muaj tiag, raws li ib tug ploj mus rau kev zoo siab. Romanticism ntxeev siab tawm tsam cov khoom siv tswv yim ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv thiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau dab neeg, dab neeg, epic, dab neeg rov qab los rau hauv lub siab ntawm tib neeg.

Hauv tebchaws Askiv, kev nyiam romantic pib nrog cov kws sau paj huam William Wordsworth thiab Samuel Coleridge. Lawv, tau ntsib German romantics Friedrich Schelling thiab Schlegel cov kwv tij, txiav txim siab muab lawv txoj kev xav rau hauv lawv cov av lus Askiv. Tsis zoo li cov Germans, cov lus Askiv romantics muaj qhov chaw tseem ceebkev nkag siab ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib raug zoo thiab kev thuam ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam bourgeois. W alter Scott, Percy Shelley, Lord Byron, William Blake thiab John Keats yog cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm lus Askiv romanticism.

Txawm hais tias lawv cov kev ntseeg txawv txawv (Coleridge yog ib tus neeg saib xyuas ruaj khov, thiab Shelley lub kiv puag ncig zoo nkauj) thiab cov kev xav zoo nkauj (cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws Blake thiab cov khoom siv Scott), txhua tus neeg nyiam sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev tsis lees paub tag nrho ntawm cov txheej txheem peev txheej tshiab, bourgeois ntau thiab rational pragmatism. Lawv kuj zoo ib yam li lawv tus cwj pwm zoo rau tib neeg rhiab heev, rau kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov qauv paj huam, siv cov cim thiab cov lus piv txwv. Romantics pom lawv lub hom phiaj hauv kev xa rov qab zaj dab neeg rau lub ntiaj teb uas tsis muaj kev xav.

Ancient Greece

Tus ntsuj plig ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thaum ub raug ntxias Keats thaum nws tseem hluas. Cov kab tsis txawj tuag ntawm "Iliad" thiab "Odyssey" ntawm Homer, thiab cov xwm txheej zoo kawg nkaus Sophocles thiab Euripides tau pab qhov no. Tab sis rau qhov ntau dua, qhov kev poob cev qhev no los ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm Hellas tau ua kom yooj yim los ntawm kev xav tsis thoob ntawm John Keats. Cov paj huam ntawm Greek cov kws sau paj lug thaum ub, uas nws hlub thiab txaus siab, tsim nyob rau hauv nws lub teeb, hloov maj mam xav tias yog tus nyob mus ib txhis archetypes, mus rau lub core universal tib neeg kab lig kev cai. Keats 'kev pom ntiaj teb tau txaus siab nrog cov duab los ntawm Greek epics thaum ub thiab cov dab neeg uas nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev nyiam romantic nrog qhov chaw ntxim nyiam ntawm lub neej ntawm vajtswv thiab vajtswv poj niam, kev zoo nkauj thiab kev sib haum xeeb, kev xyiv fab thiab kev zoo siab.

Ua Keats as a poet

Tsis muaj nyiaj nyob mus ib txhis ua rau lub neej tshiab ntawm tus kws sau paj huamnyuaj thiab ntxhov siab. Nws txoj kev koom tes rau Fanny Bron, uas nws hlub tiag tiag, tawg vim qhov tsis muaj nyiaj. Kev ua phem tsis zoo, kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab tau pib ua rau nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv, uas nws tsis ua raws li, ua haujlwm hnav thiab tsim kua muag. Cov paj huam John Keats tau sau tsis muaj tus kheej, tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshem tawm lub ntiaj teb.

Nws thawj phau ntawv paj huam, lub npe hu ua Poems, tau tawm xyoo 1817 thiab tau tawm tsam tam sim los ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm tseem ceeb. Qee cov lus paj huam los ntawm John Keats, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev nom kev tswv, tau hais tawm tsis tu ncua thiab ua phem rau kev thuam los ntawm kev thuam. Nws raug liam tias tsis muaj kev kawm, nco txog nws lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Cov neeg zoo li Keats, cov neeg "hauv qab", uas muaj lub siab tawv los thuam cov kev txiav txim thiab kev ua ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, tsis tau ua tib zoo rau cov hnub ntawd. Lawv raug suav hais tias yog neeg phem ib nrab kawm ntawv uas yuav tsum paub lawv qhov chaw.

Endymion

Tom qab kev tshaj tawm thawj zaug, Keats raug tshem tawm ntawm London mus rau cov xeev. Nyob ntawd, nyob rau hauv seclusion, nws concentrates thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm paj huam Endymion. Txoj haujlwm zoo no tau npaj los ua pov thawj rau cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg qhuas txog lub zog ntawm nws lub peev xwm. Txawm hais tias, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj rau nws tus kheej. Nws ua tau zoo heev nrog paj huam. Nws yog "Endymion" uas yuav nthuav tawm txhua yam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam txoj haujlwm thiab, hmoov tsis, coj lub koob meej tom qab rau John Keats.

Nyob rau hauv "Endymion" tus kws sau paj lug tau ua ke ob lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv - ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm tib neeg lub neej tiag tiag nrog nws cov kev nyuaj siab, kev nyuaj siab thiab kev puas tsuaj, thiab tus kws kos duab muaj kev ywj pheej.ya mus rau hauv lub realm ntawm art. Qhia qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm kev muaj sia nyob, Keats tsis hnov qab lub siab nyiam rau kev zoo nkauj. Nws pib los ntawm kev pom kev nyuaj siab, yam ntxwv ntawm txhua qhov kev nyiam romantic, ntawm qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov zoo tagnrho thiab qhov tiag. Nws sim coj rov qab qhov zoo nkauj uas tus zeitgeist tau banished los ntawm ib tug bourgeois, kom meej meej lub neej.

Qhia los ntawm cov paj huam ntawm John Keats

• "Kev tuag ntau npaum li cas rau kuv qab zib."
• "Kuv xav tau lub teeb los ntawm lo lus dua li qhov kaj."
• "Thiab koj nyob deb ntawm tib neeg."
• "Zoo nkauj ntxim hlub mus ib txhis…"
• "Lub zog yog kev hlub thiab lub yeeb koob ntawm lub hnub tuag, thiab kev zoo nkauj muaj zog, tab sis kev tuag muaj zog dua."

YWilliam Hazlitt

Tom qab ua haujlwm ntawm Endymion, Keats tau muaj zog ntau dua li tus kws sau paj huam thiab pej xeem. Nws cov kev xav tau dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau pib pom kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab qhov muag ntawm nws tus phooj ywg laus Li Hyun-te, thiab hauv nws txoj kev xav nws xav tias superficiality thiab conformity. Keats nws tus kheej xav tau kev sib ntaus tiag. Nws nyob deb ntawm Hent thiab tau txais ib tug tshiab, ntau radical xib fwb thiab comrade. Lawv tau los ua William Hazlitt, ib tug tub kawm ntawm Coleridge, ib tug sib sib zog nqus connoisseur ntawm Shakespeare, ib tug ci ntsa iab thuam thiab zoo connoisseur ntawm paj huam. Hazlitt ntshai thiab nquag thuam cov bourgeoisie thiab ntxub txhua lub koom haum ntawm lub hwj chim, saib hauv lawv tsuas yog cov cuab yeej ntawm kev tsim txom ntawm tib neeg.

Los ntawm Hazlitt, Keats tau txais kev coj cwj pwm rau kev kos duab raws li qee yam ntawm lub zog siab dua, uas tsuas yog tus tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab tsis raug rau cov neeg txom nyem nplua nuj lossis cov neeg tsis ncaj ncees. Kev hlub rau Shakespeareraws li lub siab tshaj plaws embodiment ntawm infinite kev ywj pheej ntawm creativity thiab poetic ua siab loj kuj kis mus rau Keats los ntawm nws tshiab xib fwb thiab lug txhawb cov miv. Kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov tswv yim tshiab, Keats sau paj huam "Isabella, lossis Lub lauj kaub ntawm Basil", uas nws tau hais lus zoo nrog Lee Hunt.

Thoob plaws xyoo 1819, John Keats tau ua haujlwm ntawm nws qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd hu ua zoo. Cov no yog "Ode to Psyche", "Ode to a Nightingale", "Ode to Melancholy", "Ode to Autumn", "Ode to Idleness". Nyob rau hauv lawv, tus kws sau paj lug qhia cov nyeem tshiab facets ntawm nws ntse. Nws txawj wove ib tug exquisite mystical xov rau hauv lub Hellenic ornaments ntawm nws fantasies. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nws sau lub ballads "Lub Eve ntawm St. Agnes", "Lamia" thiab ua hauj lwm rau ib tug tshiab loj-scale paj huam "Hyperion", uas, alas, tseem unfinished. Lub siab xav ntawm nws tej hauj lwm ua ntxhov siab thiab nyob tsis tswm, spiritualistic motifs tshwm. Keats tej zaum yuav muaj qhov qhia txog nws txoj kev tuag uas yuav tshwm sim.

Kev mob nkeeg thiab kev tuag

Thaum pib xyoo 1820, Keats pib los ntshav hauv caj pas, thiab yog li ntawd qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kab mob tsis ntev los no tau pom tseeb heev. Tsis muaj kev poob siab. Tuberculosis twb tua Keats niam thiab nws tus kwv yau Tom. Nws yog qhov tig ntawm tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej. John siv lub xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv kev muaj tswv yim silence, solitude thiab kev thaj yeeb.

Nws tuag hauv Rome, Lub Ob Hlis 23, 1821, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 25 xyoos. Tus kws sau paj lug raug muab faus rau hauv Roman Protestant tojntxas.

Cov lus tau sau rau ntawm nws lub ntxa: "Ntawm no yog ib tus neeg uas nws lub npe sau rau hauv dej."