Tivadar Kostka Chontvari, painting "Tus Neeg Nkoj Qub": duab, paub tsis meej ntawm cov duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tsis paub thaum nws lub neej, tus kws kos duab Tivadar Kostka Chontvari, ib puas xyoo tom qab nws tuag, mam li nco dheev nto moo ua tsaug rau nws cov duab "Tus Neeg Nkoj Qub". Tus tswv nws tus kheej tau tso siab rau nws txoj hmoo ntawm messianic, txawm hais tias nws lub sijhawm hu ua schizophrenia. Tam sim no cov cim zais thiab daim ntaub thaiv npog tau raug nrhiav hauv nws cov duab. Lawv puas nyob ntawd? Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm no, uas tau ua tiav kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, yog daim duab "Tus Neeg Nkoj Qub".

Tsis paub tus kws kos duab

Xyoo 1853, tus neeg pleev kob yav tom ntej tau yug los hauv lub zos Hungarian ntawm Kishseben. Txoj hmoo ntawm Tivadar thiab nws tsib tus kwv tij tau txiav txim siab txij thaum yau. Lawv raug cob qhia kom lawv txiv txoj hauj lwm txuas ntxiv mus. Thiab niam txiv yog kws muag tshuaj thiab muaj kev kho mob. Tab sis ua ntej noj tshuaj, tus tub hluas tau kawm tiav high school, ua haujlwm ua tus muag khoom, thiab kawm hauv Kws Lij Choj ntawm Txoj Cai. Thiab tom qab tag nrho cov no, nws tig mus rau tsev neeg ua lag luam. Tuaj txog ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj, Tivadarua haujlwm ntawm no tau kaum plaub xyoos ntev.

Ib hnub, thaum nws muaj 28 xyoo, hnub ua haujlwm ib txwm, nws nqa daim ntawv sau tshuaj thiab xaum thiab kos ib daim phiaj: ib lub laub uas hla lub qhov rais thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, nrog nyuj sib tw rau nws.. Ua ntej ntawd, nws tsis tau qhia txog kev nyiam kos duab, tab sis tom qab ntawd hauv nws phau ntawv keeb kwm nws tau sau tias hnub ntawd nws muaj lub zeem muag uas qhia txog txoj hmoo ntawm tus neeg pleev kob zoo.

Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1881, Tivadar Kostka tau qhib nws lub tsev muag tshuaj nyob rau sab qaum teb Hungary thiab txuag nyiaj txaus los mus rau Ltalis. Zoo li txhua tus tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam, nws ua npau suav pom cov masterpieces ntawm cov qub masters. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam rau cov duab ntawm Raphael. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias tom qab ntawd nws poob siab nyob rau hauv lub mlom, tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm ntawm nws canvases lub zoo liveliness thiab lub siab dawb paug. Tom qab Rome, Kostka mus rau Paris, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau nws lub tebchaws.

Chontvari (tus pseudonym no tau coj los ntawm tus kws kos duab hauv xyoo 1900) tau pib mob siab rau kev pleev xim rau hauv nruab nrab-1890s. Nws tawm nws lub tsev muag tshuaj rau cov kwv tij thiab tuaj rau Munich mus kawm tha xim. Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, Kostka yog hu ua nws tus kheej qhia, tab sis lub sij hawm no nws kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv kos duab ntawm nws nto moo compatriot, muaj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kos duab - Shimon Kholosi. Tus kws qhia ntawv tseem yau dua nws tus tub kawm yuav luag kaum xyoo.

Hauv Munich, Chontvari tsim ntau daim duab. Cov luam tawm ntawm kev tu siab ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov qauv ua rau lawv sib nrug ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog kev zoo siab dua ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Nws pleev xim rau tej yam ntuj tso portraits tsuas yog thaum nws kawm, tom qab ntawd poob kev txaus siab rau qhov no. Tom qab tawm hauv Munich, tus kws kos duab musnyob rau hauv Karlsruhe, qhov uas nws txuas ntxiv mus kawm, tam sim no nrog Kallmorgen. Tus kws sau keeb kwm keeb kwm hais tias nws nyob hauv lub sijhawm ntawd, yuav qhov zoo tshaj plaws Belgian-ua canvases rau kev ua haujlwm.

xyoo tshiab

Txoj kev kawm tsis coj kev txaus siab rau Chontwari. Nws zoo nkaus li tias nws nkag siab txog cov cai ntawm kev pleev xim tsuas yog ua txhaum lawv. Nyob rau hauv 1895, nws rov mus rau Ltalis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm nyob rau hauv nws nyiam toj roob hauv pes hom. Tus kws kos duab tuaj xyuas tsis yog tsuas yog Ltalis, tab sis kuj Fabkis, Tim Nkij teb chaws, Middle East thiab Lebanon.

Hauv xyoo 1907-1910, ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia nws tus kheej tau tuav hauv Paris, Budapest thiab hauv tsev. Lawv tsis coj nws lub koob meej tshwj xeeb, txawm tias qee tus neeg thuam hais lus zoo heev. Hauv Hungary, tus kws kos duab feem ntau hais txog qhov vwm. Nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias nws raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev mob schizophrenia, tab sis tseem cia siab rau kev lees paub ntawm nws cov phooj ywg.

Los ntawm 1910, tus kab mob pib nce zuj zus. Kev tawm tsam tau dhau los ua nyuaj, kev ua haujlwm nyuaj. Chontwari tsis tshua sau ntxiv, tsuas yog ua cov duab me me xwb. Nws tsis ua tiav ib qho haujlwm, txawm tias nws tau sim. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog rau caum, tus kws kos duab tuag hauv Budapest, qhov chaw nws raug faus.

Creative legacy

Ntau tshaj li ib puas thiab tsib caug paintings thiab kos duab sab laug qab Tivadar Kostka Chontvari. Daim duab "Tus Neeg Nkoj Qub", sau nyob rau hauv 1902, tej zaum yog tus nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov, "tseem ceeb". Feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm luv ntawm 1903 thiab 1909. Nws yog kev muaj tswv yim vam meej ntawm tus kws kos duab, lub ntsej muag ntse. Hauv lawv cov style, lawv zoo li kev nthuav qhia. Symbolism, post-impressionism thiab txawm surrealism kuj raug ntaus nqi rau nws txoj haujlwm.

Posthumous confession

Tom qab Chontvari tuag, nws tej hauj lwm tsuas muaj sia nyob los ntawm ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb. Tus viv ncaus tig mus rau cov neeg soj ntsuam xyuas seb lawv yuav tau npaum li cas rau cov duab. Lawv tau lees paub nws tias lawv tus nqi kos duab yog xoom. Tom qab ntawd tus poj niam xav tias yog cov duab tsis zoo, ces cov canvases, tsawg kawg, yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau ib tug neeg. Thiab muab tso rau muag. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm tau raug coj los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Gedeon Gerlotsi, tawm tsam tus nqi ntawm tus neeg muag khoom khib nyiab. Tom qab ntawd nws tau nthuav tawm cov duab ntawm Budapest Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Fine Arts, thiab xyoo 1949 tau nthuav tawm lawv hauv Belgium thiab Fabkis.

Ua ntej nws tuag, tus kws kos duab tau muab nws cov khoom sau rau Zoltan Fülep, tus thawj coj yav tom ntej ntawm Chontvari Tsev khaws puav pheej. Nws twb ua tiav lawm. Tab sis tus kws kos duab yuav tseem paub tsuas yog lub voj voog nqaim ntawm cov neeg qhuas hauv nws lub tebchaws, yog tias, yuav luag ib puas xyoo tom qab nws tuag, ib tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev khaws puav pheej tsis tau pom ib qho zais cia uas cov duab "Cov Neeg Nkoj Laus" tseem khaws cia. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub npe ntawm Chontwari, uas tsis tau muag ib daim duab ntawm nws lub neej, tau dhau los ua neeg thoob ntiaj teb.

"Tus neeg nuv ntses qub": piav qhia ntawm daim duab

Yuav luag tag nrho qhov chaw ntawm daim ntaub yog nyob ntawm daim duab ntawm tus txiv neej laus. Lub gale ruffles nws cov plaub hau thiab cov khaub ncaws qub hnav. Tus neeg nuv ntses hnav lub tsho dub, lub tsho grey thiab lub tsho tiv nag. Nws leans ntawm ib tug neeg ua haujlwm thiab saib ncaj nraim ntawm tus saib. Nws lub ntsej muag yog tawv tawv thiab npog nrog ib tug heev network ntawm wrinkles. Hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, tus kws kos duab tau tso lub bay. Nthwv dej tawg rau ntawm ntug dej, cov pa taws tuab tawm ntawm lub qhov chimney ntawm cov tsev nyob ntawm ntug dej. Ntawm txoj kab tav toj yog cov roob, lossis lawv cov silhouettes, zais los ntawm cov huab cua. Nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm tus neeg nuv ntses, toj roob hauv pes yog theem nrab thiab plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug keeb kwm yav dhau.

Daim duab "Tus Neeg Nkoj Qub" los ntawm Chontvari tau daws nyob rau hauv cov xim txwv tsis pub muaj xim, cov xim mos mos yeej: nquab, grey, xuab zeb, ntxoov xim av.

Yam paub tsis meej ntawm daim duab "Tus Neeg Nkoj Laus"

Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev khaws puav pheej nrhiav tau dab tsi? Cia peb rhuav tshem lub intrigue: nws pom tias yog tias koj kaw ib nrab ntawm cov canvas thiab xav txog qhov seem symmetrically, koj tau txais kev ua tiav tiav ntawm kev kos duab. Thiab nws ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si: ob qho tib si ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug ntawm daim duab. Qhov no yog qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub tias daim duab "Tus Neeg Nkoj Qub" khaws cia rau yuav luag ib puas xyoo. Cov duab ntawm cov mounted halves tam sim no tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim hauv Is Taws Nem. Qhov kev xav ntawm sab xis ib nrab yog ib tug txiv neej zoo nraug, whitened nrog grey plaub hau, tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm lub hiav txwv nto. Yog tias koj tig sab laug, peb pom ib tug txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub kaus mom taw tes nrog lub qhov muag thiab raging nthwv dej qab nws.

Kev txhais lus

Daim duab "Tus Neeg Nkoj Qub" tau cim qhov pib ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav mystical hints nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Chontwari. Ntxiv roj rau qhov hluav taws kub thiab qhov tseeb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej tus artist feem ntau hloov mus rau ib tug yaj saub laus. Cov canvas no feem ntau txhais tau tias yog lub cim ntawm ob tus tib neeg qhov xwm txheej: ob qho tib si lub teeb thiab tsaus nti, qhov zoo thiab qhov phem nyob hauv ib tug txiv neej. Tej zaum nws kuj tseem hu ua "Vajtswv thiab Ntxwg Nyoog", rov xav txog nws txoj kev ntseeg dualism.

Tseeb tiag, zaj dab neeg ua tiav ntawm Tivadar Kostka Chontwari yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo siab (lossis txoj hmoo zoo uas tau tshwm sim rau nws hauv kev ua yog toog pom, leej twg paub?). Cov duab "Tus Neeg Nkoj Qub" - kev txawj ntse thiab kev npau taws - ua rau nws tus yuam sij rau lub ntiaj teb koob meej. Hmoov tsis zoo, kev lees paub tsis tuaj rau nws thaum nws lub neej. Tab sis hnub no Chontvari suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Hungary.