2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Thaum tham txog Czech cov ntaub ntawv, thawj yam uas los rau hauv siab yog lub npe ntawm tus kws sau ntawv zoo li Karel Capek. Cov neeg nyeem thoob plaws ntiaj teb paub nws cov dab neeg zoo heev, kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm lub hlwb. Biography luv luv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Czech yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm.
Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm
Karel Capek yug hauv tsev neeg ntawm kws kho mob xyoo 1890. Tus kws sau ntawv thaum yau dhau los tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig bohemian, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib qho dog dig. Chapek tsev neeg tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov kws txawj thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Tus sau prose thiab playwright tau xav txog cov menyuam yaus txoj kev xav hauv nws txoj haujlwm, uas feem ntau qhia txog lub neej ntawm tib neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm ntawm tus sau no yog ntau yam. Karel Capek tau sau dab neeg luv luv, dab neeg dab neeg, sau ntawv mus ncig, thiab ua haujlwm zoo heev. Thiab nws yog nrog nws txhais tes lub teeb uas cov kws sau ntawv keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb pib siv lo lus "neeg hlau" hauv kev sau ntawv, qhia txog lub tswv yim tsim los ntawm tib neeg zoo li.
Tom qab kawm tiav high school, Karel Capek nkag mus hauv lub peev lub tsev kawm ntawv. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1915 nws tau txais Ph. D. Tau ntau xyoo nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug neeg sau xov xwm, thiab nyob rau hauv 1921-1923. - playwright ntawm Prague theatre.
Chapek pib sau thaum hluas. Tab sis thaum ntxov creationstau luam tawm ntau tom qab. Kev ua yeeb yam ua rau muaj koob meej rau tus kws sau ntawv. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog cov comedy "Los ntawm Lub Neej Ntawm Kab"
philosopher thiab novelist
Chapek lub ntiaj teb kev pom tau tsim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm. Thaum nws kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv, Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib pib. Tus kws sau ntawv hluas xav txog qhov ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ntshav. Nws kuj tsis quav ntsej txog kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej.
Capek's art tau tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv peb caug xyoo dhau los. Kev lag luam kev kub ntxhov thiab kev hem thawj ntawm cov ntshav ntshav tshiab yog cov teeb meem uas feem ntau nyob ntawm tus kws sau ntawv txoj kev xav. Chapek tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm kev tawm tsam fascist. Lub ntsiab ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog nyob ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv nws tej hauj lwm.
Tus kws sau ntawv tsis nyob pom kev ywj pheej ntawm Czechoslovakia los ntawm Nazis. Nws tuag xyoo 1938. Hauv cov xyoo ntawd, raws li cov neeg ua pov thawj pom, ob peb tus neeg ntseeg hauv kev rhuav tshem ntawm fascist dictatorship. Ib qho ntawm cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg pej xeem uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab txog kev swb ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev ua phem yog Karel Capek.
Books
Ntog ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Czech - "Krakatit", "Niam", "Lub Hoobkas Tsis Muaj". Qhov kawg ntawm Čapek txoj haujlwm yog suav tias yog Tsov Rog Tshiab nrog Newts. Cov hauj lwm no belongs rau cov phau ntawv muaj zog tshaj tawm tsam fascist ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej tsov rog. Capek sau "Kev Tsov Rog nrog Salamanders" ob xyoos ua ntej nws tuag. Raws li cov neeg thuam, cov ntawv tshiab sib xyaw ua ke txhua qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus sau Czech. Txoj haujlwm muaj lub tswv yim qub,satirical grotesqueness, tob philosophical overtones.
Ntau zaj dab neeg, feuilletons, sau ntawv tau sau los ntawm Karel Capek. Fairy tales teej tug mus rau nws tus cwj mem - "Tus Postman's Tale", "Hais txog Fox", "Bird's Tale" thiab ntau lwm tus. Raws li cov memoirs ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab cov txheeb ze, Capek rov hais dua tias nws yuav tuag thaum muaj rau caum xyoo. Kev twv ua ntej tsis muaj tseeb. Tus kws sau ntawv tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub caug yim. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej luv luv, nws tsim ib qho zoo kawg nkaus ntawm tej hauj lwm, tom qab ntawd muab txhais ua txhua yam lus nyob sab Europe. Feem ntau ntawm nws phau ntawv tau raug ua yeeb yaj kiab.
Pom zoo:
Kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev muaj tswv yim. Nrhiav kev tshoov siab. Cov neeg muaj tswv yim
Ntau zaus lo lus "qhov mob ntawm kev muaj tswv yim" suab tsis zoo. Nws yuav zoo li, qhov kev tsim txom zoo li cas tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm, thiab ntau dua li cov neeg ci ntsa iab dhau los. Piv txwv li, Michelangelo Buonarroti, tus tswv loj tshaj ntawm Renaissance, tus tsim-tus kws kos duab, sculptor thiab architect, tau hais hauv qab no. Nyob rau hauv teb rau lo lus nug txog yuav ua li cas nws ua li no sculptures zoo nkauj, nws hais tias: "Kuv nqa ib lub pob zeb thiab txiav txhua yam tsis tsim nyog los ntawm nws."
Stage persona: lub tswv yim, tsim duab, xaiv khaub ncaws, ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab lub tswv yim ntawm lub luag haujlwm
Kev ua yeeb yam yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb tob heev. Cov txuj ci yog muab rau cov units, thiab nws muaj peev xwm qhia tau nws (thiab rau cov neeg saib - xav txog) tsuas yog nyob rau theem. Yog tias tus kws kos duab ua si hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, thiab tsis nyob ntawm lub koob yees duab, yog tias lub sijhawm no tus neeg saib nws ua tsis taus pa, nws tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem nws tus kheej ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam, tom qab ntawd muaj lub txim, muaj txuj ci. Ntawm lawv tus kheej, cov neeg ua yeeb yam hu nws txawv me ntsis - ib theem duab. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam tus cwj pwm, nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam, tab sis qhov no tsis yog tus neeg tus cwj pwm thiab tsis yog nws txoj kev ua neej
Friedrich Schiller: biography, muaj tswv yim, tswv yim
Cov kab lus no tau mob siab rau kev tshuaj xyuas txog keeb kwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Friedrich Schiller. Daim ntawv qhia txog nws cov yeeb yam thiab paj huam
Svyatoslav Vakarchuk. Biography, muaj tswv yim, kev ua nom ua tswv thiab tsev neeg
Svyatoslav Vakarchuk yog ib tus kws ntaus pob zeb nrov hauv Ukraine, tus kws sau nws tus kheej cov nkauj, thiab muaj npe nrov rau pej xeem. Nws yog nws leej twg yog tus thawj coj thiab tus tsim ntawm pawg Okean Elzy sensational
Nikolai Berdyaev: "Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev muaj tswv yim" thiab lub tswv yim ntawm kev ywj pheej
"Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev muaj tswv yim" los ntawm Berdyaev yog ib qho ntawm nws cov kev xav zoo tshaj plaws, uas tus sau nws tus kheej muaj nuj nqis yuav luag ntau dua li lwm tus. Phau ntawv no tau sau los ntawm ib tug kws tshaj lij kev nom kev tswv thiab kev ntseeg nyob rau xyoo 1912-1914. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau luam tawm thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1916. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias nws tau tsim thaum tus sau tau raug cais tawm ntawm lub nroog Orthodox ib puag ncig hauv kev teb rau cov haujlwm ntawm Marx, Nietzsche, Dostoevsky thiab lwm tus neeg xav txog nws lub sijhawm
