Vologda paintings. Folk crafts ntawm lub cheeb tsam Vologda

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Vologda murals yog ib qho kev taw qhia ntawm kev kos duab kos duab ntawm cov neeg nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws. Ntoo painting tau paub nyob rau hauv Russia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, nws tsim nyob txhua qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm ib tug loj heev ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws. Qhov sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej ntawm kev npaj cov khoom rau kev ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv lub txheej ntawm tsoos ornaments, nyob rau hauv lub predominance ntawm tej xim. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Vologda Oblast, ntau tshaj kaum hom ntawm cov murals paub, qhia txog lub uniqueness ntawm sab qaum teb cheeb tsam thiab cov chaw tshwj xeeb uas lawv tshwm sim.

Vologda art painting

Yog tias koj saib daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Vologda Oblast, yuav tsis muaj chaw nyob qhov twg cov neeg siv khoom siv no yuav tsis tsim. Cov neeg nyob hauv ntug dej ntawm Northern Dvina, Sukhon, tributaries ntawm sab qab teb thiab Luza, nrog rau cov cheeb tsam nruab nrab thiab sab hnub poob ntawm lub xeev Vologda, dai kom zoo nkauj lawv lub tsev, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, rooj tog, cov cuab yeej, cov khoom siv nrog cov duab kos tshwj xeeb rau lawv thaj chaw.. Tsis muaj leej twg paub tias muaj pes tsawg hom painting tau ploj lawm,tab sis cov uas tau muab khaws cia yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai.

Cov av hnyav, nplua nuj hauv hav zoov, thov kev ua siab ntev los ntawm tib neeg thiab pab txhawb rau tus kheej hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua cuam tshuam nrog kev sov siab ntawm ntoo. Ua ntej, kos duab kos duab tau tshwm sim, thiab Vologda painting ntawm cov khoom ntoo tau tshwm sim ntau tom qab. Nws coj cov ntsiab lus uas tau hais los ntawm kev nuv ntses yav dhau los thiab nthuav dav rau lawv, ua kom cov txheej txheem thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm thaj chaw hauv nws lub arsenal.

painting technique

Hauv kev kos duab pej xeem, muaj ob hom kev kos duab ntawm ib yam khoom: nraaj thiab txhuam tsis pub dawb (txhuam).

Nyob rau sab qaum teb, muaj cov piv txwv ntawm cov duab nraaj hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 17th. Nws tau kho cov khoom siv hauv tsev: spinning log, thawv, hauv siab, ladles, pleev xim rau daim hlau. Cov txheej txheem yog raws li nram no: ib tug meej qauv ntawm cov qauv yog siv rau cov khoom, uas yog ces pleev xim rau ob los yog peb xim. Masters siv cov xim tempera hauv lawv txoj haujlwm. Muaj ntau lub chaw hauv zos ntawm pej xeem cov khoom siv tes ua hauv Vologda Oblast uas ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem no.

Txhuam pub dawb, duab lossis duab kos duab tshwm sim hauv Lavxias North tom qab, thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Tab sis nws tus kheej nyob deb ntawm qhov tshiab, nws cov hauv paus hniav rov qab mus rau qhov tob dhau los. Cov txheej txheem ua tiav txawv radically los ntawm daim duab. Tus kws kos duab tsis siv lub contour ua ntej, nws pib pleev xim rau ntawm cov khoom "huv", tam sim ntawd siv cov xim pleev xim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhais tes txav tau yooj yim, thaj tsam ntawm daim duab yog me ntsis plooj, thiab tsis muaj qhov sib luag. Nws hloov tawmntau ntseeg, "lifelike" kos duab.

Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv ob qho xim rau txhuam ib zaug: xim thiab dawb. Nrog rau ib qho mob stroke, tus tswv siv cov xim tseem ceeb thiab tawm tam sim ntawd, txhim kho nws lub suab nrog whitewash. Txhuam pleev xim dawb hauv thaj av Vologda feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm cov rooj tog loj lossis tsev: ntawm cornices, pediments, shutters.

Harovsky painting

Nyob hauv cheeb tsam Kharovsky, cov cuab yeej siv txhuam dawb nrog cov duab kos duab thiab teeb pom kev zoo yog siv los pleev xim cov khoom ntoo. Kev lig kev cai, daim duab ntawm thaj chaw no qhia txog cov nroj tsuag scenes thiab, oddly txaus, tsov ntxhuav. Cov neeg nyob hauv zos suav tias tus tsiaj nyaum no yog ib qho khoom plig rau lawv lub tsev. Cov tsov ntxhuav nyob rau hauv daim duab yog funny heev. Lawv zoo li dev, los yog lawv zoo li miv, los yog lawv sawv ntawm lawv ob txhais ceg. Tib neeg thiab noog tau kos tsawg dua. Cov xim tom qab tau dominated xim av, ntsuab, maroon. Cov xim pleev xim rau xim tau siv xim xim av, xiav, ntsuab.

Cov khoom pleev xim tau pom los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav hauv cheeb tsam Kharovsky. Muaj tsawg dua ntawm lawv sab laug, thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam sim ua kom rov kho cov khoom siv tes ua no yog khaws cov qauv pom, kawm thiab luam tawm.

Glubokovskaya painting

Nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj av Vologda, nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb zos ntawm Glubokovka, ib tug painting tau yug los, muaj xws li classical ntsiab lus uas tau ua ke rau hauv ib tug intricate qauv. Qhov tseeb, muaj ntau lub zos, tab sis qhov no tau muab lub npe ntawm lub mural. Glubokoe painting yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam uas tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog complex.hloov. Ntau zaus tshaj li lwm tus, buds, curls, tee, brackets thiab ntau lwm tus siv. Cov hauj lwm thaum ntxov yog cov txiv ntseej xim av, cov tom qab yog txiv kab ntxwv thiab liab-xim av.

Spinning log, txee, qhov rooj tau pleev xim rau daim duab no. Cov masters niaj hnub nrog kev txawj ntse tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev pleev xim rau hauv tsev. Ib lub khob cij hauv Glukovo style yuav kho txhua chav ua noj thiab txhawb siab rau tus tswv tsev. Ib pob paj ntawm cov curls loj yog ib txwm muaj ntawm Glukovo painting.

Gayutinsky painting

Ib cheeb tsam ntawm Vologda Oblast, nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob, ciam teb ntawm Yaroslavl Oblast. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov duab nraaj, ci ntsa iab, qhov muag-catching painting tau yug los. Ib tug me me qauv ntawm cov dots thiab petals, tua thiab noob tsim ib hom ntoo los yog paj. Lub peculiarity ntawm Gayutinsky painting yog nyob rau hauv lub symmetrical filling ntawm lub dav hlau, zoo li yog hais tias ib feem yog stamped thoob plaws hauv cov khoom. Ntau cov xim ci tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov duab: liab, txiv kab ntxwv, ntsuab, kub. Thiab tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj no yog superimposed rau ntawm keeb kwm liab. Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias cov nroj tsuag zoo li niaj hnub yog tsob ntoo ntiaj teb, uas txuas lub ntiaj teb thiab Ntuj thiab tawg cov noob ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag. Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, lub ornament yog reminiscent ntawm peb pagan cag.

Yav tas los, tus qauv no feem ntau yog siv los kho lub log tig - cov uas tau ua khoom plig rau ib tug ntxhais lossis poj niam. Niaj hnub nimno Vologda artists decorate ntoo daim hlau, Easter qe, ntsev shakers thiab lwm yam souvenirs nyob rau hauv no txoj kev.

Sheksna painting

Bright, elegant painting, haum rau hnub so lossis kho kom zoo nkauj, belongs rau qeb ntawm kev kawm me me. Nws tau tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ciam teb ntawm Yaroslavl thiab Novgorod xeev. Ib tus qauv gilded yeej tawm tsam cov keeb kwm liab qab, uas yog vim li cas cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam Sheksna hu nws "gilded".

Cov tha xim siv cov nroj tsuag zoo sib txuas rau hauv cov khoom zoo nkauj. Cov nroj tsuag muaj paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tsis tau pom dua, qee zaum muaj cov noog ntawm lub vaj kaj siab.

Sheksna painting zoo li lub golden Khokhloma, yug hauv cheeb tsam Nizhny Novgorod. Yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws yuav xaus mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws? Nws hloov tawm hais tias lub hauv paus pib ntawm creation ntawm ob paintings yog cov ornaments ntawm Lavxias teb sab icons thiab phau ntawv sau. Tab sis thev naus laus zis rau kev kos duab kos duab hauv cov cheeb tsam no txawv.

High tseem ceeb painting

Daim duab no hais txog kev txhuam dawb. Cov duab ntawm daim duab, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ib tug floral ribbon, zoo li ib tug me ntsis blurry, heev natural thiab voluminous. Cov nroj tsuag yeej ib txwm predominated nyob rau hauv ornament: berries, paj, nplooj.

Vologda Khokhloma

Tus qauv no tsis tau paub txog peb cov poj koob yawm txwv. Novelty yog nws cov cim. Nws yug los nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv ib tug niaj hnub rhiav. Lub koom haum kos duab "Nadezhda" tau sib sau ua ke cov neeg nyiam ua yeeb yam hauv zos. Lawv tau kawm thiab kho dua ib co hom ntawm Vologda murals thiab xav nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm lub masters ntawm lub nroog Semenov ("Golden Khokhloma"). Rov ua dua lawv cov tshuab tsim khoomcov khoom, lawv tau hloov pauv thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev.

Nyob hauv nroog Semyonov, ib txheej ntawm "ludka" yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom - cov tshuaj uas muaj tin. Qhov no muab cov khoom ib xim nyiaj. Tom ntej no, ib txheej ntawm cov roj kom qhuav yog siv, thiab cov khoom raug xa mus rau qhov cub. Los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tin thiab ziab cov roj yuav siv qhov chaw, thiab cov xim ntawm qhov chaw hloov mus ua kub. Lub ntsiab painting tab tom ua rau nws.

Thiab cov neeg sab qaum teb, tau tso tseg cov txheej txheem nrog cov roj kom qhuav, tau txais ib qho nyiaj, khov, Vologda ntxoov ntxoo ntawm qhov tawm ntawm qhov cub. Qhov no yog li cas cov khoom tshiab tau yug los hauv kev cob qhia ntawm pej xeem cov khoom siv tes ua hauv cheeb tsam Vologda.

Qhov kev paub dhau los ntawm cov tswv tau dhau los ntawm tes mus rau tes rau ntau pua xyoo. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem pom niaj hnub no cov txheej txheem kev pleev xim khaws cia, raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau tiam neeg. Kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev coj noj coj ua tso cai rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam niaj hnub ua haujlwm hauv cov qauv tsim ntau pua xyoo dhau los los ntawm cov tswv ntawm thaj av Vologda.

Ua tsaug rau lawv cov khoom siv tes ua, cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws, pleev xim nrog cov xim zoo nkauj, hloov mus ua kev lom zem, muaj kuab heev uas qhia txog tus kheej ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm sab qaum teb. Tab sis tag nrho ua ke lawv dais lub npe - "Vologda paintings".