Dutch painting. Lub hnub nyoog golden ntawm Dutch painting. Paintings los ntawm Dutch artists

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Txawm tias cov uas tsis paub zoo txog kev kos duab paub txog Dutch lossis Flemish painting. Tab sis rau ntau tus, cov no tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li cov duab ntawm Rembrandt. Lub caij no, qhov no yog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm European kab lis kev cai tsim nyog ntawm kev kawm ntxaws ntxiv, uas qhia txog lub neej qub ntawm cov neeg Holland ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

History of Appearance

Cov neeg sawv cev ci ntsa iab ntawm kev kos duab tau tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws nyob rau xyoo pua 17th. Fabkis culturologists muab lawv ib lub npe - "me me Dutch", uas tsis yog txuam nrog cov nplai ntawm cov txuj ci thiab qhia txog kev txuas rau qee yam ntawm lub neej niaj hnub, tawm tsam rau "loj" style nrog loj canvases ntawm keeb kwm lossis mythological kev kawm. Keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm Dutch painting tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, thiab cov sau phau ntawv ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm nws kuj siv lo lus no. Cov "Me Me Dutchmen" tau txawv los ntawm kev ntseeg tiag tiag, tig mus rau lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg, siv cov xim nplua nuj nyob rau hauv tones.

theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho

Keeb kwm ntawm Dutch painting tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb lub sijhawm. Thawj zaug tau tshwm sim los ntawm 1620 mus rau1630s, thaum realism tau lees paub hauv lub tebchaws kos duab. Lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm Dutch painting tau ntsib hauv 1640-1660. Qhov no yog lub sij hawm thaum lub caij ntuj sov tiag tiag ntawm lub tsev kawm kos duab hauv zos poob. Thaum kawg, lub sij hawm thib peb, lub sij hawm thaum Dutch painting pib poob - los ntawm 1670 mus rau thaum ntxov 18th caug xyoo.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov chaw kab lis kev cai tau hloov pauv txhua lub sijhawm no. Hauv thawj lub sijhawm, cov kws ua yeeb yam ua haujlwm hauv Haarlem, thiab Halsa yog tus sawv cev tseem ceeb. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev tsom mus rau Amsterdam, qhov twg Rembrandt thiab Vermeer tau ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

Scenes ntawm lub neej txhua hnub

Lus npe yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Dutch painting, koj yuav tsum tau pib nrog lub neej txhua hnub - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab qub hauv keeb kwm. Nws yog Flemings uas tau qhib rau lub ntiaj teb scenes los ntawm lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg nyob hauv nroog lossis cov burghers. Cov pioneers yog Ostade thiab nws cov thwjtim Oudenrogge, Bega thiab Dusart. Nyob rau hauv Ostade lub paintings thaum ntxov, cov neeg ua si phaib, sib cav thiab txawm sib ntaus nyob rau hauv ib tug tavern. Txhua daim duab yog txawv los ntawm ib tug dynamic, dog dig ua phem. Dutch painting ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd kuj qhia txog kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb: hauv qee qhov haujlwm, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tham hla lub raj thiab lub khob ntawm npias, siv sijhawm ntawm kev ncaj ncees lossis nrog lawv tsev neeg. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Rembrandt coj mus rau kev siv dav ntawm cov mos mos golden chiaroscuro. Cov scenes hauv nroog tau txhawb cov neeg ua yeeb yam xws li Hals, Leyster, Molenaer thiab Codde. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo, cov masters portrayed kws kho mob,cov kws tshawb fawb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev cob qhia tus kheej, kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev lossis kev sib raug zoo. Txhua zaj dab neeg yuav tsum muaj kev lom zem, qee zaum grotesquely didactic. Qee tus tswv tau nyiam ua poeticize lub neej txhua hnub, piv txwv li, Terborch piav qhia txog kev ua si suab paj nruag lossis kev sib tw. Metsu siv cov xim ci, tig lub neej niaj hnub mus rau hnub so, thiab de Hooch tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev yooj yim ntawm tsev neeg lub neej, dej nyab nrog lub hnub ci ntsa iab. Cov exponents lig ntawm ib hom ntawv, xws li Dutch masters xws li Van der Werf thiab Van der Neer, feem ntau tsim me ntsis pretentious kawm nyob rau hauv lawv nrhiav kev elegant depiction.

Nature and toj roob hauv pes

Ntxiv rau, Dutch painting yog dav sawv cev rau hauv hom toj roob hauv pes. Nws thawj zaug pib ua haujlwm ntawm cov tswv ntawm Haarlem xws li van Goyen, de Moleyn thiab van Ruisdael. Nws yog lawv uas tau pib piav txog cov ces kaum nyob deb nroog nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb silvery. Cov khoom sib koom ua ke ntawm xwm tuaj ua ntej hauv kev ua haujlwm. Cais, nws tsim nyog hais txog cov seascapes. Marine painters yog 17th xyoo pua Dutch painters xws li Porcellis, de Vlieger thiab van de Capelle. Lawv tsis nrhiav kev nthuav qhia qee qhov dej hiav txwv thaum lawv sim piav txog dej nws tus kheej, kev ua si ntawm lub teeb ntawm nws thiab saum ntuj.

Los ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xya, ntau lub siab xav ua haujlwm nrog cov tswv yim xav tau tshwm sim hauv ib hom ntawv. Jan van Ruisdael tau nthuav tawm qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm Dutch toj roob hauv pes, piav qhia nws hauv txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam, kev muaj zog thiab kev ua koob tsheej. Hobbem tau los ua tus ua tiav ntawm nws cov kev coj noj coj ua,preferring tshav ntuj toj roob hauv pes. Koninck piav qhia txog panoramas, thaum van der Neer tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov toj roob hauv pes hmo ntuj thiab kev sib kis ntawm lub hli, hnub sawv thiab hnub poob. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam kuj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm cov tsiaj hauv toj roob hauv pes, piv txwv li, grazing nyuj thiab nees, nrog rau kev yos hav zoov thiab scenes nrog cavalrymen. Tom qab ntawd, cov kws ua yeeb yam tau pib koom nrog cov xwm txheej txawv teb chaws - Ob leeg, van Laer, Venix, Berchem thiab Hackert piav txog Ltalis da dej nyob rau sab qab teb hnub poob. Sanredam tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub nroog toj roob hauv pes hom, cov neeg zoo tshaj plaws uas yog Berckheide cov kwv tij thiab Jan van der Heyden.

Image of interiors

Ib hom ntawv cais, uas txawv ntawm Dutch painting nyob rau hauv nws lub hnub qub, tuaj yeem hu ua scenes nrog lub tsev teev ntuj, palace thiab chav tsev. Sab hauv tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xya los ntawm cov masters ntawm Delft - Haukgest, van der Vliet thiab de Witte, uas tau los ua tus sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev taw qhia. Siv Vermeer cov tswv yim, cov kws ua yeeb yam tau piav qhia cov duab da dej hauv tshav ntuj, tag nrho ntawm kev xav thiab ntim.

Nyob zoo cov tais diav thiab tais diav

Thaum kawg, lwm yam yam ntxwv ntawm Dutch painting tseem yog lub neej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov duab ntawm pluas tshais. Thawj thawj zaug, Klas thiab Kheda los ntawm Harlem, uas tau pleev xim rau cov ntxhuav nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo nkauj, tau txais kev kos duab. Cov duab zoo nkauj thiab qhov tshwj xeeb rendering ntawm ib co cozy sab hauv yog sau nrog ib tug silvery-grey lub teeb, yam ntxwv ntawm cov nyiaj thiab pewter tais diav. Utrecht artists pleev xim rau zoo kawg lipaj tseem muaj sia nyob, thiab hauv Hague, cov tswv tau ua tiav tshwj xeeb hauv kev piav qhia cov ntses thiab cov tsiaj reptiles. Nyob rau hauv Leiden, ib tug philosophical kev taw qhia ntawm ib hom ntawv tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv uas cov pob txha taub hau thiab hourglasses yog nyob ib sab rau cov cim ntawm sensual Library los yog lub ntiaj teb lub yeeb koob, tsim los qhia txog lub sij hawm ntawm transience. Cov chav ua noj ywj pheej tseem ua neej nyob tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Rotterdam tsev kawm kos duab.