Soviet circus: nplooj ntawv keeb kwm

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg uas yug hauv USSR tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias Soviet circus yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws yog peb cov illusionists uas yog feem ntau "magic", clowns yog funny, thiab cov kws qhia thiab acrobats yog siab tawv thiab ua siab loj. Mus rau circus yog hnub so zoo rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus.

Tab sis Soviet circus kos duab tsis tshwm sim los ntawm kos. Peb yuav qhia txog yuav ua li cas lub Soviet circus tsim nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no.

History of Russian circus art

Txawm tias nyob rau hnub Kievan Rus, thawj "cov noob" ntawm kev kos duab kos duab tau muab tso rau hauv peb lub tebchaws, raws li cov pov thawj los ntawm cov frescoes hauv Kiev's St. Sophia Cathedral yos rov qab mus rau 1070-1075. Lawv piav txog kev sib tw ntawm nees thiab fisticuffs, tightrope walkers nrog ncej. Nyob rau lub sijhawm nyob deb, xws li cov tswv xws li taug kev acrobats thiab dais cov lus qhia, buffoons thiab jugglers ua hauv nroog squares, fairs thiab festivities, cov neeg xav tsis thoob thiab lom zem. Lub heyday ntawm rooj plaub ntawm buffoons nyob rau hauv Russia yog lub XV-XVI centuries.

Ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm Tsar Peter I hauv XVIII xyoo pua hauv lub peev thiab lojsecular lub neej pib ua kom zoo nyob rau hauv lub zos thiab ncig saib European circus ua yeeb yam pib tshwm sim, uas pab txhawb kev loj hlob sai ntawm circus kos duab.

Lub xyoo pua 19 yog suav tias yog hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab circus.

Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam ncaj ncees tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov txiv neej muaj zog thiab cov neeg ncaws pob, jugglers thiab acrobats, dancers thiab magicians, nrog rau cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lwm yam. Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Nikitin thiab Durov cov kwv tij, nrog rau ntau lwm tus, pib nrog kev ua yeeb yam hauv lub rooj muag khoom ncaj ncees. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab circus yog qhib thawj lub tsev pob zeb: nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv lub Fontanka embankment, nyob rau hauv 1877, nyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau hauv Tsvetnoy Boulevard, nyob rau hauv 1880.

Kev tshwm sim ntawm Soviet circus

Tom qab lub Kaum Hlis cov xwm txheej ntawm xyoo 1917, muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv txoj hmoo thiab keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab kos duab. Lub Bolsheviks, ua ib qho kev hloov pauv kev coj noj coj ua, muab lub circus nrog lub xeev kev txhawb nqa thiab ua rau nws lub tswv yim muaj zog los ntawm qhov uas nws muaj kev cuam tshuam rau pawg neeg. Ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Soviet circus tau ua los ntawm tsab cai "Nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm theatrical lag luam", kos npe rau lub yim hli ntuj 1919 los ntawm Ulyanov-Lenin. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov circus thiab theatrical cov cuab yeej tau raug rau lub tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam tau nce qeeb qeeb, thiab los ntawm 1922 lub tsev ua yeeb yam hauv tsev tsuas muaj ob lub xeev Moscow xwb.

Tom qab ntawd zoo nkauj sai, hauv peb xyoos, ntxiv 15 ncig hauvsib txawv Soviet lub zos los ua lub xeev. Thawj ntawm cov no yog Soviet circus tsev pheebsuab qhib ntawm Nizhny Novgorod Fair. Tom qab ntawd circuses nyob rau hauv Leningrad, Tver, Rostov-on-Don, Orel, Kyiv, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kazan, Tula tau nationalized, kho thiab pib ua yeeb yam. Feem ntau ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tau nthuav tawm txawv teb chaws, vim tias tsis muaj txaus ntawm lawv tus kheej cov neeg ua yeeb yam, thiab qib ntawm lawv txoj kev kawm tau tshuav ntau yam uas xav tau. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem, cov kev kawm hauv circus kos duab tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1926, uas tom qab ntawd los ua ib lub tsev kawm txuj ci, qhov twg thawj cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm Soviet circus kawm.

Ua

Nyob rau xyoo 1920s thiab thaum ntxov 1930s, ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam tshiab tau tshwm sim ntawm cov chaw ua yeeb yam hauv tsev, npaj rau kev hloov pauv lub tswv yim thiab kev xav hauv ntiaj teb ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Tom qab tso tawm ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab txog kev ua yeeb yam hauv xyoo 1936, ib tiam ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam tau txais kev tshoov siab thiab nyiam mus rau hauv Soviet circus. Nws yog nyob rau lub sijhawm no uas thawj lub ncov ntawm qhov muaj koob meej ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo Pencil (M. N. Rumyantsev) tau tshwm sim, cov neeg ncaws pob saum ntuj ceeb tsheej Valentina thiab Mikhail Volgin, Semyon Basta tau tshwm sim, cov tub ceev xwm taug kev cov kwv tij Svirin thiab Pavel Tarasov xav tsis thoob nrog lawv cov txuj ci. Peb muaj peev xwm hais tau yam xyuam xim hais tias nyob rau hauv peb caug thiab forties ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, lub Soviet circus tsim nws tus kheej cim thiab yooj yim recognizable style.

Tsov rog thiab tom qab tsov rog xyoo

Lub circus arena coj los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm txhua yam xws li kev ua siab ntev thiab kev ua siab ntev, ua siab loj thiab ua siab ntev hauv kev ua tiav lub hom phiaj. Lawv sawv daws tshwm simnyob rau hauv cov tub rog nyuaj. Marshal Chernyakhovsky tsis yuam kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam ua cov neeg ua yeeb yam.

Lub Soviet circus raug kev puas tsuaj loj thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev foob pob, ntau lub tsev raug rhuav tshem, tab sis txawm tias nyob rau xyoo nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, tsoomfwv Soviet tau siv kev ntsuas los txhawb kev kos duab kos duab. Hnub ob ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, ib pawg neeg caij tsheb, coj los ntawm M. Tuganov, koom nrog Dovator cavalry corps nrog rau cov nees. Cov kws ua yeeb yam tseem tshuav txuas ntxiv ua yeeb yam ua ib feem ntawm pab pawg ua yeeb yam uas muab kev hais kwv txhiaj rau ntawm kab pem hauv ntej thiab hauv tsev kho mob pawg ntseeg, ntawm cov chaw tsheb ciav hlau thiab hauv cov chaw ua tub rog. Ob tus neeg tua hluav taws thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tau nrov heev nrog cov lej tsis txaus ntseeg uas tau pom los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm Soviet circus Mikhail Nikolaevich Rumyantsev (Xov), Boris Vyatkin, Konstantin Berman.

Ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam tuag nyob rau pem hauv ntej, thiab cov neeg uas muaj sia nyob, tom qab tsov rog xyoo, ua ke nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas cov tub ntxhais hluas, pib kho thiab txhim kho kev ua yeeb yam, tom qab lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.