Apollinary Vasnetsov. Artist, kws tshawb fawb, historian

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov kws ua yeeb yam zoo li Apollinary Vasnetsov yog ob peb ntawm cov neeg pleev kob ntawm lig 19th - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th. Nws pom ib lub ntsiab lus uas nyiam thiab nyob ze rau lub siab ntawm ntau tus neeg Lavxias - lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv keeb kwm ntawm medieval Moscow.

Vasnetsov Apollinary Mikhailovich (1856 - 1933) yug hauv ib lub zos me me ze Vyatka. Nws yog menyuam ntsuag thaum ntxov, nws tus tij laug mus kawm hauv Moscow. Tam sim no los ntawm lub sij hawm no nws yog tseeb hais tias tus tub hluas yog heev txawj ntse thiab nws yuav tsum tau kawm painting. Tab sis nws tau kawm hauv tsev kawm kev cai dab qhuas thiab tsuas yog coj cov kev kawm kos duab los ntawm tus kws kos duab Polish uas raug ntiab tawm.

Yees kawm ntawv

Nyob rau xyoo 1872 (thaum muaj 16 xyoos) Apollinary Vasnetsov tau tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg thiab pib kawm txog kev kos duab tiag tiag. Nws thawj tus kws qhia ntawv yog nws tus tij laug Victor thiab tseem ceeb Wanderers. Nws nyiam cov ntaub ntawv, mineralogy, astronomy, tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov Apollinary Vasnetsov thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19 yog nyiam cov tswv yim ntawm cov populists, nws tawm painting. Vasnetsov tawm mus qhia nyob rau hauv lub xeev Oryol, nyob rau hauv lub heev outback. Tab sis cov tswv yim ntawm pej xeem poob siab rau nws, thiab matured Apollinary Vasnetsov thaum muaj hnub nyoog 21.rov qab mus rau Moscow. Tam sim no nws tau pleev xim tiag tiag ua haujlwm.

Y Raws li tus kws kos duab, Vasnetsov tau tsim los ntawm I. Shishkin thiab A. Kuindzhi. Tab sis nws tsis tau dhau los ua ib tug neeg xyaum coj tus cwj pwm zoo. Nws tsim nws tus kheej kev sau ntawv.

Thawj hmoov

Txij thaum xyoo 1882, cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam nyob ntev ntawm nws tus tij laug dacha, nkag mus rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm S. I. Mamontov, thiab txij li thaum 1883 nws pib mus nthuav nws paintings ntawm exhibitions ntawm lub Wanderers. Thiab ntawm no yog thawj qhov kev vam meej: P. Tretyakov ntawm lub exhibition tau txais nws painting "Grey Day".

Txoj kev kho siab cua ntsawj ntsais ntawm ob tsob ntoo, caw koj ua raws nws mus rau qhov deb.

Study keeb kwm

Maj mam (kev paub keeb kwm ua rau qhov no) tus kws kos duab pib nyiam ua yeeb yam, epic motifs. Thawj cov duab kos yog "Motherland" (1886), thiab tom ntej "Twilight" (1889). Ntawm nws ib leeg hauv qee qhov chaw sawv ntsug sib cais dav dav oaks hauv ib thaj teb. Hmo ntuj xiav tob tob hauv qhov deb. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, txhua yam yog npog nrog haze, thiab greyish ntxoov ntxoo twb pw nyob rau hauv cov nyom. Ancient oaks caw tus saib kom xav txog yav dhau los tense. Yog li, dhau ntawm toj roob hauv pes, epic motifs tshwm nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm A. Vasnetsov, nyob mus ib txhis ntawm xwm yog affirmed.

Ural

Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 90s, nws yuav mus rau lub Urals. Kev tshoov siab los ntawm qhov nws pom, Apollinary Vasnetsov pleev xim rau cov duab zoo nkauj uas qhia txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm Urals, lub siab tawv thiab hnyav ntawm cov neeg uas loj hlob tuaj ntawm no. Me nyuam yaus zoo li los ua neej nyob ua ntej nws. Txhua yam ua rau nws nco txog nws haiv neeg Vyatka. Nyob rau hauv 1891, nws painting Taiga nyob rau hauv lub Urals. Lub roob xiav. Ib tug heap ntawm sawv thiab poob ntoo, ib tug mysterious pas dej fascinate thiab ntshai nrog lawv lub hwj chim. Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov deb lub roob tig xiav nyob rau hauv lub haze. Cov toj roob hauv pes no qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cov chaw no.

Tus kws kos duab tswj xyuas Fabkis, Ltalis, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees xyoo 1898. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm Impressionists, muaj kev hloov pauv hauv nws cov palette. Nws txoj hauj lwm ci ntsa iab.

Singer of ancient capital

Lub ntsiab lus tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab xws li Apollinary Vasnetsov. Cov duab tam sim no piav qhia txog medieval Moscow, nws cov choj raws li lawv nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, hloov Kremlin thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov neeg ntawm Moscow.

Nyob rau xyoo 1900, nws tau xav txog lub neej ntawm Moscow qub uas nws tau koom nrog kev khawb. Txhua yam no cuam tshuam nws txoj haujlwm. Cov keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub ib hom ntawv nyeem tau nyiam Vasnetsov ntev. Ua ntej, nws pleev xim rau daim duab "Txoj Kev hauv Kitay-Gorod. Pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th. Nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev cramped, nqaim winding txoj kev, cov neeg nyob hauv nroog, cov archers, maj nroos txog restlessly. Cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no ua rau cov neeg saib hauv Lub Sijhawm Teebmeem. Noisy Moscow ("Thaum kaj ntug ntawm All Saints' choj. Qhov kawg ntawm XII caug xyoo").

Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no ntshiab, buffoons muaj kev lom zem. Thiab ib daim duab zoo nkauj heev ntawm Kremlin thiab tus choj tau tsim. Cov xim ntawm daim duab yog nplua nuj thiab ci, raws li xav tau los ntawm cov duab kos los yog kev lom zem xwb.

Nyob rau hauv daim duab "Moscow qhov taub. Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th" qhia txog lub tsev tsim txom uas txuas nrog lub Kremlin pej thuam, uas tau siv ob qho tib si thaum lub sijhawm Ivan IV thiab thaum lub sijhawm kav ntawm Tsar Boris Godunov. Nyob ntawmcov neeg uas raug tsim txom nyob rau hauv lub qhov taub raug muab pov rau hauv txoj kev, cov txheeb ze tuaj tos lawv thiab faus lawv.

Thiab dua daim duab ntawm Lub Sijhawm Teebmeem tshwm sim ua ntej tus neeg saib (“Cov Tub Txib. Thaum sawv ntxov hauv Kremlin. Pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th”). Pretenders, variegation ntawm vajntxwv, Xya Boyars, nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub heev gloomy thiab cuam tshuam huab cua ntawm lub sij hawm yog conveyed los ntawm lub nrawm nrawm ntawm ob horsemen: ib tug hauj sam thiab ib tug combatant. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias txhua yam, lub plawv ntawm Moscow yog qhov tsis muaj zog - nws lub Kremlin, qhov chaw uas cov tub txib maj nrawm rau lub caij ntuj no thaum kaj ntug.

Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo no (1901 - 1918) Vasnetsov Apollinary Mikhailovich, twb yog ib tug kws qhia ntawv, coj ib tug sculptures thiab painting chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab, koj tuaj yeem kawm yuav ua li cas Moscow tau hloov pauv ntawm ib puas xyoo mus rau ib puas xyoo. Nws ua haujlwm hauv cov roj, pleev xim rau cov xim dej, ua cov duab kos nrog cov cwj mem, ua tib zoo kawm cov haujlwm ntawm Moscow historian I. Zabelin. Delves rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm V. O. Klyuchevsky. Nrog rau kev paub tob thiab kev xav zoo li no, tus kws kos duab ua tiav ntau thiab ntau qhov tseeb hauv nws cov duab.

Nyob rau xyoo 1925, "Red Square nyob rau ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th" tau tsim. Daim duab qhia txog hnub ci ntsa iab.

Apollinary Vasnetsov mob siab rau ntau (txog ib puas thiab nees nkaum daim duab) rau Moscow. Thiab nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm, lub Kremlin yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv txawv sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv ntau hom. Txhua qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem pom qhov hloov pauv ntawm nws cov kev hloov pauv.

Apollinary Vasnetsov, tus kws kos duab, yog tus txiv neej ua siab loj. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 75 xyoo, nyob rau hauv 1931, tau sau ib tsab ntawv mus rau lub Izvestia ntawv xov xwm, nws tau los ua ib tug tib neeg hais lus.tawm tsam kev rhuav tshem lub Cathedral ntawm Khetos tus Cawm Seej.

No yog li cas Apollinary Vasnetsov ua nws lub neej. Nws biography tag nrho yog nyob rau hauv cov duab uas nws tawm mus. Tus kws kos duab tuag hauv Moscow thaum muaj hnub nyoog 76.