Ntawm lub monument "Bronze Horseman" leej twg yog tus piav? Keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm lub monument

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Monuments yog qhov nthuav tshaj plaws thiab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws rau kev them nqi thiab them tribute rau keeb kwm yav dhau los. Lawv tau txais kev qhuas los ntawm cov neeg qhuas ntawm kev kos duab, kev muaj tswv yim thiab keeb kwm. Muaj cov monuments uas muaj lub npe sonorous, tab sis ntau tus neeg tsis paub tias leej twg nyob ntawm lub pedestal. Piv txwv li, lub monument "Bronze Horseman" - leej twg yog piav rau nws?

Lub monument rau Bronze Horseman yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev ua neeg ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm keeb kwm hauv lub neej. Xav tau keeb kwm me ntsis!

"Tus Bronze Horseman" - leej twg yog tus duab ntawm tus nees?

Ntau tus neeg, txawm yog txoj haujlwm tsis hais txog keeb kwm, yuav tsum tau hnov txog Bronze Horseman. Tab sis leej twg tau piav qhia ntawm Bronze Horseman monument tseem yog cov lus nug qhib rau feem ntau.

Cov lus nug no muaj ntau lub rooj sib tham thiab cov ncauj lus blog hauv Is Taws Nem. Leej twg yog tus duab ntawm lub monument "Bronze Horseman"? Cov lus nug txog qhov no tsis nres.

Peb yuav tsis tsim txom koj ntev. Ntawm lub monument "Bronze Horseman" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, Peter lub Great nws tus kheej yog depicted. Tus sau ntawm Falcone monument nrhiav kom rov tsim cov duab ntawm Peter nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab, yog li ntawd nws tau pom tsis tsuas yog tus thawj coj loj thiabtus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, tab sis kuj yog tus tsim cai lij choj thiab tsim lub neej.

Peter muaj ib lub paj rau ntawm nws lub taub hau. Nws yog tus uas hais tias Peter yog tus yeej thiab tus thawj coj. Lub monument keeb kwm yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas nws muaj peb tus ncej uas nws so.

Tam sim no cov lus nug ntawm leej twg yog piav qhia ntawm lub monument "Bronze Horseman" tuaj yeem teb tau nyab xeeb - Tsar Peter the Great!

Vim li cas hauv St. Petersburg?

Lub monument rau Bronze Horseman yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kab lis kev cai thiab architecture ntawm Russia. Koj tuaj yeem tuaj hla cov lus nug ntawm leej twg yog piav qhia ntawm lub monument "Bronze Horseman" hauv Moscow? Tab sis tsis muaj monument nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Yog li ntawd, qhov twg yog lub monument "Bronze Horseman", uas yog piav nyob rau hauv, peb xam nws tawm. Thiab nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv Moscow, tab sis nyob rau hauv St. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Catherine II hauv kev hwm ntawm Peter lub Great. Ntawm lub pedestal koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv sau: "Rau Peter the Great Los ntawm Catherine thib ob thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1782."

Tus uas tau piav rau ntawm lub monument "Bronze Horseman" hauv St. Petersburg yog tus cwj pwm zoo rau lub nroog. Yog li ntawd, Catherine xav thiab yog li ntawd txiav txim siab mus ntes tus creator ntawm lub nroog mus ib txhis. Yog li ntawd, lub empress txiav txim siab them tribute tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub nroog ntawm St. Petersburg, tab sis kuj rau nws tam sim ntawd founder, Peter I. Los ntawm txoj kev, yog vim li cas lub "Bronze Horseman" tau ua nyob rau hauv St. tus tsim lub nroog. Nws hnyav yim tons thiab yog tsib meters siab.

Keeb Kwm yog qhov pib

Txoj kev pib tsim lub monument nkausbelongs rau Catherine II. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Empress, Golitsyn Alexander Mikhailovich tig mus rau Voltaire thiab Diderot rau kev pab thiab tswv yim hauv tsev thiab tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb rau Russia. Catherine ntseeg Voltaire thiab Diderot heev, vim hais tias lawv cov kev xav tau suav hais tias tseem ceeb.

Etienne-Maurice Falcone - qhov no yog tus neeg uas lawv tau pom zoo rau Catherine rau kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho lub tsev. Thiab Falcone, nyob rau hauv lem, yeej ib txwm ua npau suav ntawm kev tsim ib tug lossis loj monument uas yuav dhau los ntawm ib-paus xyoo thiab yuav revered los ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Lub tswv yim ntawm lub tsev hais plaub Lavxias zoo siab thiab txhawb nqa nws. Tus tswv tuaj rau Russia nrog Marie-Anne Collot. Nov yog nws tus pab tsim 17 xyoo.

Tus sculptor tau cog lus rau 200,000 livres. Qhov no yog ib qho me me. Lub tsev hais plaub Lavxias tau tig mus rau lwm tus thawj coj ntawm lawv cov khoom siv tes ua, tab sis lawv thov kom tau nyiaj ntau dua.

Tom qab ntawd, Felten, tus kws tshaj lij kws kos duab, tau raug xaiv tsa Falcone tus pabcuam, uas tsuas yog yuav tsum ua kom nrawm ntawm kev tsim kho lub pedestal.

Leej twg yog tus duab ntawm lub monument "Bronze Horseman", daim duab qhia tau zoo kawg nkaus.

"Thunder Stone" yog qhov koj xav tau

Cov lus nug tau tshwm sim ntawm kev nrhiav lub pob zeb tsim nyog uas yuav muab lub monument loj loj ntawm Peter the Great. Lawv txiav txim siab mus nrhiav lub pob zeb los ntawm kev tshaj tawm, thiab cov lus sib raug tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti".

Grigory Vishnyakov yuav ua siab zoo muab lub pob zeb tsim nyog rau lub monument rau Peter. Nws yog qhov thaiv loj heev uas nws xav siv rau nws tus kheej xav tau, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau pom ib lub cuab yeej uas nws tuaj yeem faib tau.

Tom qab ntawd cov lus nug tshwm sim txog kev thauj pob zeb mus rau St. Petersburg, uas hnyav 2500 tons. Nws tau xa tuaj rau lub caij ntuj no, thaum cov av muaj zog dua thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav.

Lub Peb Hlis 27, 1770, lub pob zeb tau xa mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Gulf of Finland, thiab kev ua haujlwm tiav. Thaum lub sij hawm kev thauj mus los, muaj ntau yam teeb meem uas hem kom derail tag nrho qhov project. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam ua tau zoo.

Kev thauj mus los ntawm lub pob zeb no txawm tias niaj hnub no nws txawv kiag li. Nws yog lub pob zeb loj tshaj plaws uas tus txiv neej txav mus!

Npaj lub monument

Nyob rau xyoo 1769, ib lub monument plaster tau nthuav tawm rau pej xeem. Tam sim no tus duab ntawm Peter lub Great tau tos kom muab pov tseg.

Txawm li cas los xij, tus tswv nto moo thiab tus tsim qauv ntawm Falcone monument tsis kam ua txoj haujlwm no nws tus kheej. Nws yeej tsis tau ntsib qhov casting ntawm xws li ib tug loj monument. Falcone tau tos txog qhov tuaj txog ntawm Ersman, uas yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv qhov teeb meem no.

Txawm li cas los xij, tus sculptor txoj kev cia siab rau Ersman tsis muaj tseeb. Nws tau dhau los ua tus kws tshaj lij tsis zoo thiab tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog txoj haujlwm uas tau muab rau nws. Falcone ntawm nws tus kheej coj los ua qhov chaw pov thawj.

Thawj zaug casting tshwm sim xyoo 1775. Ntxiv castings tau rov ua dua hauv 1776-1777. Catherine II tus kheej ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Qhov thib ob casting tau ua tiav ntau duaua ntej. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab ua tiav ntawm Falcone, nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub cloak ntawm Peter lub Great, nws sau "Sculpted thiab cam khwb cia los ntawm Etienne Falcone, ib tug Parisian." Yog li, kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw zoo nkauj no tau ua tiav.

Monument installation

"Tus Bronze Horseman" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tau npaj los tshwm rau ntawm cov neeg. Txhua yam uas tseem tshuav yog lo lus nug ntawm kev txhim kho ib lub monument ntawm Senate Square kom nws yuav dhau los ua cov khoom ntiag tug thiab tib neeg tuaj yeem txaus siab rau nws.

"Thunder Stone" tau xa mus rau St. Petersburg ntev dhau los. Qhov siab ntawm qhov thaiv ntawm 11 meters yog raws nraim qhov xav tau los tso lub monument.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib raug zoo ntawm Falcone thiab Catherine II tau ua rau tsis zoo tag nrho los ntawm lub sijhawm no. Falcone tsis muaj kev xaiv tsuas yog tawm Petersburg rau Paris.

Qhov kawg kev teeb tsa ntawm lub monument twb ua tiav los ntawm Fedor Gordeev. Qhov no tsis ua rau nws nyuaj heev, thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 7, 1782, qhib lub monument rau Peter lub Great tau tshwm sim. Falcone yeej tsis tau caw mus rau qhov qhib ntawm nws lub tswv yim Lavxias teb sab. Kev qhib tau tuaj koom los ntawm Catherine II nws tus kheej, uas tau txiav txim qhib lub monument rau hnub ntawd!

Baturin zaj dab neeg

Nws yog xyoo 1812. Nws yog lub sijhawm uas cov tub rog Lavxias ua rog nrog Napoleon cov tub rog. Muaj qhov tshwm sim siab uas cov tub rog Fabkis yuav tsoo rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab Moscow thiab rhuav tshem tag nrho cov cuab yeej cuab tam hauv tebchaws Russia.

Muaj los ntawm cov kev xav no, Emperor Alexander tus Thawj Tswj Hwm tau txib kom tag nrho cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub nroog raug tshem tawm ntawm St. Alexander cov npe kuj suav nrog Bronze Horseman monument ntawm Senate Square.

Lub sijhawm noib tug tej yam Baturin tau tshaj tawm, uas yog ces nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm ib tug yooj yim loj. Nws tau ntsib tus kheej nrog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Golitsyn txhawm rau qhia nws txoj kev npau suav uas tau haunted rau ob peb hnub dhau los. Hauv kev npau suav, qhov loj yog ntawm Senate Square. Lub monument ntawm Peter lub Great tig nws lub taub hau ntawm nws thiab hais tias nyob rau hauv tsis muaj qhov teeb meem nws yuav tsum raug coj tawm ntawm nws haiv neeg Petersburg. Petersburg tsuas muaj kev nyab xeeb nrog nws, thiab tsis muaj leej twg yuav kov nws.

Xav tsis thoob los ntawm Baturin tus npau suav, Golitsyn tam sim ntawd mus rau Alexander thiab qhia nws txog lub zeem muag. Alexander raug "tua tuag rau ntawm qhov chaw", tab sis tseem tau tso tseg qhov kev txiav txim coj "Bronze Horseman" tawm ntawm St. Petersburg.

Paul txoj kev xav

Ib zaj dab neeg yog hais tias nws txuas nrog Peter the Great thiab yav tom ntej Emperor Paul the First.

Pavel taug kev yav tsaus ntuj los ntawm txoj kev ntawm St. Petersburg, thaum nws zoo li tias muaj ib tug neeg taug kev ntawm nws. Thaum xub thawj, nws coj nws los ua kev xav, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws pib xav tias muaj lwm tus neeg.

"Paul, kuv yog tus uas koom nrog koj!" tus duab ntawm nws hais rau nws. Paulus xav tsis thoob. Nws pom meej meej tus duab ntawm Peter lub Great nyob rau hauv lub tsho tiv no thiab lub kaus mom.

Lub rooj sib tham no tau tshwm sim ntawm Senate Square. Thaum Petus tawm mus, nws hais tias muaj ib hnub Povlauj yuav pom nws nyob ntawm no dua.

Lub sijhawm nws tshwm sim. Pavel tau txais kev caw mus rau qhov qhib ntawm lub monument nyob rau hauv St. Leej twg yog tus duab ntawm lub monument "Bronze Horseman"? Povlauj paub cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no.paub meej.

Bronze Horseman in Culture

Cov duab ci ntsa iab thiab cov monuments feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov dab neeg ntawm cov kws sau ntawv, hauv cov paj huam ntawm cov kws sau paj huam thiab cov duab kos ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm "Bronze Horseman" hauv St. Petersburg ntawm Senate Square tsis muaj qhov zam.

Lub monument ua rau muaj kev nkag siab txog cov duab tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab kos duab ntawm ntau lub sijhawm, uas tom qab ntawd tso tawm hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky hauv cov ntawv tshiab "Tus Hluas" rov hais dua "Tus Bronze Horseman". Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws txhawj xeeb txog lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub yeeb koob Petersburg, tab sis tsis tau kwv yees nws txoj kev tuag, vim hais tias lub nroog tau ruaj khov tiv thaiv los ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus nto moo thiab zoo Peter tus Founder.

Mystic Danil Andreev hauv nws "Rose of the World" kuj tseem nco txog "Bronze Horseman". Txawm li cas los xij, nws xav txog Petus zaum ntawm tus zaj.

Hais txog lawv cov haujlwm "Bronze Horseman" thiab lwm tus kws sau ntawv. Muaj ntau ntau paintings sau thiab mob siab rau rau no monument. Peter the Great, immortalized ntawm horseback, ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam.

Bronze Horseman los ntawm Pushkin

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin yog ib tug txiv neej uas ua siab ncaj qhuas Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai thiab nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Lub monument ntawm Bronze Horseman nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yuav tsis cia nws indifferent. Tus kws sau ntawv sau ua haujlwm "Bronze Horseman".

Txoj hauj lwm hais li cas xyoo 1824 Eugene poob nws tus hlub thaum dej nyab. Nwstu siab no. Yuav kom dim ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nws taug kev ncig St. Petersburg.

Evgeny mus txog lub monument "Bronze Horseman" thiab khov rau ib pliag. Nws nco qab tias nws yog Peter tus Great uas tsim lub nroog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj teeb meem thiab dej nyab tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Nws pib cem Peter rau nws qhov teeb meem thiab qhov tseeb tias kev tsim kho tsis raug, nrog rau kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw rau kev tsim kho ntawm St. Petersburg.

Eugene pib hem lub monument. Lub sijhawm no, "Bronze Horseman" dhia tawm ntawm lub pedestal thiab pib khiav tom qab tus neeg liam. Qhov tseeb tiag, qhov no tshwm sim nrog Eugene lossis hauv lub zeem muag, nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab.

npib minting

"Bronze Horseman" yog qhov cuam tshuam tsis yog hauv kab lis kev cai, kos duab thiab ntawv nyeem xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv lub xeev cov nyiaj npib ntawm lub sijhawm USSR.

Lub tswv yim rau mint npib nrog Peter yog thawj zaug rau ntawm lub txhab nyiaj ntawm USSR thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Mikhail Gorbachev nyob rau hauv 1988.

Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1988, lub txhab nyiaj ntawm USSR pib mint npib. Lub denomination ntawm 5 rubles tau muab tsub rau lub monument rau Peter lub Great nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg ntawm Senate Square. Cov nyiaj npib hnyav - 20 grams. Nws ncig yog 2 lab 300 txhiab luam.

Nov yog tib qhov paub txog cov nyiaj npib uas cuam tshuam nrog Bronze Horseman monument.

lus dab neeg, dab neeg thiab qhov tseeb txaus ntshai

Muaj lus dab neeg nthuav thiab nthuav qhov tseeb hais txog lub monument hauv St. Cia peb pib nrog myths.

• Muaj lus xaiv tias ib zaug Petus lub Tuamtsev xav dhia hla Neva. Thaum nws hais peb zaug, "Txhua yam yog Vajtswv thiab kuv," nws dhia hla Neva yam tsis muajteeb meem. Thaum nws hloov cov kab lus thiab hais tias "Txhua yam kuv thiab Vajtswv", nws tam sim ntawd khov rau hauv qhov chaw thiab tig mus rau pob zeb. Txij thaum ntawd los, muaj ib tug monument ntawm Senate Square.
• Ib zaug Peter tus Great tau pw hauv nws lub txaj thiab zoo li nws tias cov neeg Swedes tau nce mus rau Petersburg. Nws dhia, dhia rau ntawm nws tus nees thiab dhia ntawm lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm txoj kev, ib tug nab tig los thiab nres nws ntawm Senate Square. Nws txwv tsis pub nws dhia mus rau hauv dej thiab cawm Peter.
• Muaj lus dab neeg uas Petus hais tias tsuas yog nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub nroog kom tsis txhob raug mob. Yog li ntawd nws yog thaum tsov rog ntawm 1812-1814. Tseeb tiag, lub nroog twb tsis kov Fabkis.

Fun facts:

• Thaum lub sijhawm thauj pob zeb hauv qab lub pedestal, muaj teeb meem thiab tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Muaj xwm txheej ceev heev. Tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe ua raws li kev thauj mus los ntawm lub pob zeb.
• Falconet Ameslikas xav kom nws "Bronze Horseman" tsis muaj laj kab. Tab sis nws twb ntsia lawm. Tam sim no, lub laj kab no tsis muaj nyob, thiab ntau tus tso lawv cov ntawv sau rau ntawm lub monument, ua rau nws tawg. Tseem muaj lub laj kab tseem yuav nruab.

"Bronze Horseman" yog lub cim ntawm sab qaum teb lub nroog ntawm Russia. Petersburg yog tsim nyog mus txawv tebchaws thiab saib no monument nrog koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag. Tam sim no, thaum koj nyob hauv lub nroog ntawm Neva, koj yuav tsis muaj lus nug txog leej twg tau piav qhia ntawm lub monument "Bronze Horseman" hauv St.