Tus sau phau ntawv piav qhia cov ntawv - yog qhov lus hais
Tus sau phau ntawv piav qhia cov ntawv - yog qhov lus hais

Video: Tus sau phau ntawv piav qhia cov ntawv - yog qhov lus hais

Video: Tus sau phau ntawv piav qhia cov ntawv - yog qhov lus hais
Video: Главная роль. Динара Алиева. Эфир 11.04.2019 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Cov ntsiab lus tsis yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm suav nrog cov lus piav qhia, ntu ntu thiab tus sau qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg. Thiab ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug: "Dab tsi yog daim ntawv qhia sab?"

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "lus"

dab tsi yog lus hais
dab tsi yog lus hais

Lo lus no yog qiv los ntawm Fab Kis (remargue), hauv kev txhais lus nws txhais tau tias "sau", "remark", "sau ntawv footnote". Hauv kev ua haujlwm lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, thiab qee zaum tseem ceeb. Lub dynamic sab ntawm ib tug tshiab los yog zaj dab neeg luv luv yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug txhim khu kev qha zajlus, tab sis tus sau lub digressions, footnotes, hais lus, piav qhia los yog supplementing nws, belongs rau sab zoo li qub. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab stylistic no tuaj yeem muaj ntau haiv neeg. Nrog nws cov kev pab, tus sau tuaj yeem hloov mus rau autobiographical nco, qhia nws txoj kev xav rau qhov kev txiav txim, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hu ua ib tug lyrical digression.

Multifunctional note

copyrightlus hais
copyrightlus hais

Tus sau cov lus hais tuaj yeem ua ib daim ntawv qhia ua kom tiav zaj dab neeg. Qee lub sij hawm cov cuab yeej sau ntawv no los qhia qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, qee zaum tus sau phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov cim kev sib tham raug coj tawm rau cov ntawv nyeem. Yog li, hauv "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb" cov lus hauv qab no nyob ob lossis peb nplooj ntawv. Xws li cov ntaub ntawv sau ua ib qho kev sib tham, daim ntawv ntawm cov lus hais tuaj yeem siv tau, hais txog tus nyeem ntawv rau cov xwm txheej yav dhau los. Muaj ib tus kws sau ntawv qhia txog qhov kev sib tw tom ntej. Muaj ironic, moralizing kev xav thiab qhia meej ntawm tus sau. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem saum toj no tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug ntawm cov lus qhia theem twg hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Qhov chaw ntawm theem taw qhia hauv kev ua yeeb yam

Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog cov cuab yeej sau ntawv thiab kos duab hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam, cov lus hais plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov lus qhia, ib tug piav qhia. Los piav qhia qhov kev ua, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov cim, lawv lub siab lub ntsws, qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua hauv kev ua si yog nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, qhov chaw ntawm cov lus hais ua ntej pib qhov kev txiav txim yog qhov qhia txog lub sijhawm ntawm hnub, qhov chaw ntawm cov rooj tog zaum, qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov rais lossis lub sam thiaj, thiab ntxiv nrog rau kev sib tham nws qhov chaw yog. nyob rau hauv brackets. Tus sau ntawv tuaj yeem qhia lub suab ntawm kev sib tham - (hais ntsiag to lossis qw), qhia txog kev ua ntawm cov cim ua kev sib tham - (rub rab ntaj), lawv lub siab lub ntsws - (zoo siab Petrov nkag). Dab tsi yog theem taw qhia hauv kev ua si? Nov yog ib feem ntawm cov ntawv sau dav dav, ua kom pom tseeb rau zaj dab neeg ntawm kev ua si.

Metamorphoses of the term

dab tsi yog cov lus hais hauv cov ntaub ntawv
dab tsi yog cov lus hais hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Pib pib txij li lub sijhawm qub qub, daim ntawv tau hloov pauv qee yam, tab sis ntev ntev nws tau muab qhov kev piav qhia tsis tseem ceeb - qhov haujlwm tau mob siab rau lossis dab tsi nws sawv cev. Diderot, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam rau nws tus kws sau ntawv thiab tus thawj coj lub tswv yim, tau muab cov kev taw qhia theem mus rau hauv ib qho kev ywj pheej thiab kev piav qhia ntawm ib qho kev ua yeeb yam. Cov txheej txheem theem tshiab tsim los ntawm tus txheej txheem hloov kho theem no tau hloov cov lus qhia rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia qhia txhua yam uas yuav tsum tshwm sim ntawm theem. Nyob rau hauv lub pose, mus rau insignificant gesture ntawm tus phab ej. Ib tus neeg sau ntxaws ntxaws txog kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm kev ua tau zoo yog dab tsi Denis Diderot cov lus hais yog, uas tsis yog tsuas yog ib tus kws tshaj lij, tab sis kuj yog tus kws tshaj lij Fab Kis ua yeeb yam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th.

Qhia ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm

Tus sau cov lus hauv qab kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv Gogol txoj haujlwm ua yeeb yam. Feem ntau, kev ua si muaj replicas (kev sib tham ntawm cov cim) thiab cov lus hais (lawv txav thiab gestures, ntsej muag thiab intonations). Qhov no ua rau muaj qee qhov kev txwv ntawm kev kos duab muaj peev xwm ntawm hom ntawv. Yuav kom them nyiaj rau qhov tsis txaus no, tus sau phau ntawv tau nthuav dav ntau dua, xws li cov ntaub ntawv zoo li lesedrama tshwm - ua yeeb yam rau kev nyeem ntawv. Pushkin's "Little Tragedies" thiab Goethe's "Faust" yog nws cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv lawv, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm digressions, tus sau cov kev xav, kev piav qhia ntawm zajlus yog heev loj. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua si, lub luag haujlwm uas tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees ntau dhau, qhov no yog qhov kev coj ua.

Pom zoo: