Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias: Dub Square, Ninth Wave, Hnub Kawg ntawm Pompeii (duab)
Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias: Dub Square, Ninth Wave, Hnub Kawg ntawm Pompeii (duab)

Video: Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias: Dub Square, Ninth Wave, Hnub Kawg ntawm Pompeii (duab)

Video: Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias: Dub Square, Ninth Wave, Hnub Kawg ntawm Pompeii (duab)
Video: Татьяна Кирилюк 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias hauv St. Petersburg yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab kos los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias, suav nrog ntau dua 400,000 ua haujlwm. Tsis muaj lwm yam sau los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Tsim ntawm Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej

Txoj cai tsim lub tsev cia puav pheej tau luam tawm xyoo 1895. Rau qhov no, lub tsev fuabtais Mikhailovsky thiab lub vaj nyob ib puag ncig, thiab cov kev pabcuam, thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse tau yuav. Raws li tsab cai lij choj, txhua yam haujlwm uas twb tau txais los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsis tuaj yeem muag lossis xa mus rau leej twg. Lawv yuav tsum ib txwm nyob hauv kev sau. Xyoo 1898, Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias tau qhib rau cov neeg tuaj saib. St. Petersburg tau tos ntsoov rau qhov kev tshwm sim no tau peb xyoos. Nws tau txais tej hauj lwm los ntawm Academy of Arts, lub Hermitage, lub caij ntuj no Palace thiab private collections. Qhov tshwm sim thawj zaug tsis yog qhov dav.

After the revolution

Cov khoom sau tau tas li ntxiv, thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau nthuav dav los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov chaw tshiab. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog Patriotic, tag nrho cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau khiav tawm thiab tsis raug kev txom nyem ib yam nkaus. Cov uas tseem nyob hauv lub nroog uas raug kaw tau ua tib zoo saib xyuasntim thiab khaws cia rau hauv cellars. Lawv kuj tseem nyob tsis tau. Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias tau ua tiav nrog txoj haujlwm nyuaj - txhawm rau txuag tag nrho cov lus nthuav tawm, uas twb muaj ntau tshaj xya txhiab qhov khoom pov thawj.

museum kev loj hlob

Cov tuaj txog tshiab tau nquag ntxiv hauv 50s. Nws tso lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv Mikhailovsky Palace, thiab hauv Engineering Castle, hauv Benois lub tsev, nrog rau lwm lub tsev. Lawv muaj ib feem ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab kos duab nrog priceless tej hauj lwm los ntawm Rublev, Dionysius thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam icons paintings ntawm thaum ntxov thiab lig Nrab Hnub nyoog. Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias khaws cov haujlwm ntawm 18th-mid 19th centuries.

Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm
Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm

Daim duab qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm D. G. Levitsky "Portrait of E. I. Nelidova". Lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog txaus siab rau qhov ua tiav ntawm cov duab kos duab nthuav tawm rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Sau cov npe thiab cov npe ntawm peb cov kws ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws yuav siv ntau qhov chaw. Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias nthuav qhia cov haujlwm ntawm nruab nrab thiab lig xyoo pua 19th, nrog rau cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg pleev kob ntawm "World of Art" thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam futurist, uas kuj yog kev txaus siab ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej. Ib lub tsev tag nrho tau mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. N. Benois, tus kws kos duab, kos duab thuam, kho kom zoo nkauj.

State Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Russia
State Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Russia

Ntawm daim duab A. N. Benois "Parade nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm Paul kuv". Lub tsev khaws puav pheej sau muaj cov duab kos duab los ntawm Soviet cov kws kos duab los ntawm txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub neej ntawm Soviet Union. Tam sim no, Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias khaws thiab nthuav tawm cov haujlwm tshiab, tsis yog ib txwm ua. Qhov no department cuam tshuam nrogqhov tseeb tiam sis, tau tsim nyob rau hauv txog peb caug xyoo dhau los.

Ntiaj teb painting

Lub Dub Square yog nyob rau ntawm qhov screen. Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias tau txais nws nrog kev thuam thuam thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tsev Benois.

Dub Square State Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias teb sab
Dub Square State Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias teb sab

Nws yog txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam futurist, thiab tom qab ntawd cov supermatists, tsim kom muaj kev thuam siab rau kom pom lawv tus kheej. Lawv cov thawj coj yog Herostratus, uas, kom nyob twj ywm rau ntau pua xyoo, hlawv lub tuam tsev. Lub siab xav tseem ceeb ntawm Malevich thiab nws cov neeg koom tes yog rhuav tshem txhua yam: peb tau tso peb tus kheej los ntawm txhua yam uas tau ua dhau los, thiab tam sim no peb yuav ua kev kos duab rau ntawm qhov chaw huv, txawm, scorched. Thaum pib, Malevich tau ua ib lub xwmfab dub ua ib qho chaw rau kev ua yeeb yam. Ob xyoos tom qab, nws tau tsim ib txoj kev xav uas ua pov thawj tias nws yog qhov siab tshaj txhua yam (supermatism), thiab tsis lees paub txhua yam: daim ntawv thiab xwm. Muaj tsuas yog kos duab tawm ntawm tsis muaj dab tsi.

Kev nthuav qhia los ntawm 1915

Thaum lub rooj nthuav qhia "0.10" muaj cov duab kos uas muaj cov squares, crosses, voj voog, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev no nyob rau sab xis sab xis, qhov twg icons yog dai, Malevich dai nws square.

cuaj ncej xeev russian museum
cuaj ncej xeev russian museum

Dab tsi tseem ceeb ntawm no? Lub square lossis qhov chaw uas nws tau dai? Tau kawg, qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj qhov tau kos, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tias nws tau sau "tsis muaj dab tsi". Xav txog qhov "tsis muaj dab tsi" nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Vajtswv. Nws yog ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb heev. Nws yog qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws PR stunt, xav txog thaum kawg, vim nws tsis yog hais txog qhov uas tau piav qhia nyob ntawd. Cov lus tau zoo li no - tsis muaj dab tsi, dub, emptiness,kev tsaus ntuj los ntawm Vajtswv. "Siv lub cim uas coj mus rau qhov kaj, muaj txoj hauv kev mus rau qhov tsaus ntuj, mus rau lub qhov dej, mus rau hauv qab daus, mus rau hauv qab ntuj" (Tatyana Tolstaya). Art tuag, ntawm no yog ib qho tsis muaj tseeb. Koj kam them nyiaj rau nws. Malevich's "Black Square" tsis yog kos duab, tab sis kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom muaj peev xwm heev. Feem ntau, "Black Square" tsuas yog tus huab tais liab qab xwb, thiab qhov no tsim nyog tham txog, thiab tsis yog hais txog qhov tob ntawm kev nkag siab lub ntiaj teb. Dub Square tsis yog kos duab vim:

kev txawj xav nyob qhov twg?

kev txawj nyob qhov twg? Leej twg tuaj yeem kos ib square.

qhov zoo nkauj nyob qhov twg? Tus neeg saib yuav tsum xav ntev ntev tias nws txhais li cas, thiab tsis to taub.

Qhov twg yog qhov txhaum cai? Tsis muaj kab lig kev cai.

Yog li, yog peb saib los ntawm qhov kev xav no, peb pom qhov tau tshwm sim thiab tshwm sim nrog kev kos duab uas tawg nrog lub siab dawb paug, uas pib rov hais dua rau kev txawj ntse, uas yog, "Kuv xav ntev npaum li cas. ua kom muaj kev thuam thiab lawv pom kuv." Ib tug neeg ib txwm nug nws tus kheej cov lus nug: “Vim li cas nws thiaj ua li no? Koj puas xav tau nyiaj los yog koj puas xav qhia qee yam ntawm koj txoj kev xav? Cov lus nug ntawm lub siab dawb paug tshwm sim vim tus kws kos duab tab tom xav tias yuav muag nws tus kheej li cas. Kev nrhiav kev tshiab ua rau kev kos duab ua kom tiav tsis yog hom phiaj, thiab qhov kev txawj ntse no los ntawm lub taub hau, tsis yog los ntawm lub siab. Malevich thiab lwm tus zoo li nws tab tom nrhiav txoj hauv kev rau kev thuam thiab kev muag khoom, uas tam sim no tau nce mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau sau cov kev xav rau koj cov creation thiab ntxiv ib tug incomprehensible ntev ntse lub npe, uas yog tseem ceeb tshaj cov duab. Kev txawj ntse hauv peb lub neej yog suav tias yog vim li cas-uas yog incomprehensible rau txiv neej. Qhov tsis muaj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm sab ntsuj plig hauv "Black Square" yog qhov tsis lees paub rau ntau tus. Lub cim ntawm lub sijhawm thiab kev txawj ua lag luam tus kheej yog "Black Square". Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias tsis tuaj yeem plam xws li "hais lus" ua haujlwm.

Drama at sea

Xyoo 1850, Aivazovsky tau tsim cov duab loj loj "Lub Ninth Wave". Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias tam sim no nthuav tawm cov haujlwm no.

State Lavxias teb sab Tsev khaws puav pheej ua hauj lwm ntawm kos duab
State Lavxias teb sab Tsev khaws puav pheej ua hauj lwm ntawm kos duab

Ib lub nthwv dej muaj zog dai hla lub nkoj tawg. Tib neeg yog cov sawv cev hauv daim duab no raws li cov neeg tsav nkoj tsis muaj hmoo, uas, ntawm cov seem ntawm lub mast, tsis tsim nyog rau kev caij nkoj, desperately cling rau nws, thaum lub nthwv dej ruthlessly xav nqos nws. Peb txoj kev xav sib faib. Lawv absorbed nyob rau hauv lub nce ntawm no loj nthwv dej. Peb nkag mus nrog nws txoj kev txav mus los thiab muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub zuag thiab lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij saum nthwv dej tawg thiab hloov mus ua npuas dej. Lub taub hau yog tsom rau cov neeg uas tau tawm tsam cov dej no yam tsis tau nug. Sailors yog ib tug active zog uas nkag mus rau hauv lub nthwv dej. Ib tug tuaj yeem sim xav txog qhov kev sib xyaw no ua ib daim duab ntawm kev sib haum xeeb hauv qhov xwm txheej, raws li daim duab ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm dej thiab lub ntiaj teb, uas tsis pom, tab sis nws muaj nyob hauv peb lub siab. Dej yog cov kua dej, hloov tau, tsis ruaj khov, thiab lub ntiaj teb yog lub ntsiab ntawm kev cia siab tsis tau hais txog. Qhov no yog, raws li nws yog, kev txhawb siab rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg saib. Qhov no yog ib daim duab ntawm lub ntug, uas yog qhia los ntawm toj roob hauv pes. Cov nthwv dej ntawm lub qab ntug zoo li cov roob uas npog nrog qhov tsaus ntuj nti, thiab lawv maj mam rov ua duaze rau tus saib. Qhov no ua rau lub rhiab heev ordering ntawm lub composition. Cov xim zoo nkauj, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntxoov liab thiab ntshav nyob rau hauv lub ntuj, thiab ntsuab, xiav, ntshav nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv, nkag mus los ntawm lub rays ntawm lub hnub nce, coj kev xyiv fab thiab optimism. Ib qho ntawm lub pov haum ntawm kev sau yog kev ua haujlwm romantic Lub Ninth Wave. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias teb sab muaj cov duab kos los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Aivazovsky.

Tshaj tawm hauv ntiaj teb

Yog tias ob lub ntsiab lus, dej thiab cua, tau koom nrog hauv daim duab dhau los, ces lub ntiaj teb thiab hluav taws kub nyhiab tshwm rau ntawm daim ntaub tom ntej - qhov no yog "Hnub Kawg ntawm Pompeii". Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias tau txais nws los ntawm kev sau los ntawm Academy of Arts.

xeev russian museum Saint Petersburg
xeev russian museum Saint Petersburg

Sau xyoo 1834 thiab nthuav tawm hauv Rome, daim duab ua rau muaj kev xav ntawm cov neeg Italians, tom qab ntawm cov neeg saib hauv Lavxias, qhov kev xav. Pushkin, Gogol, Baratynsky mob siab rau txoj kab rau nws. Vim li cas txoj haujlwm no tseem ceeb niaj hnub no? Nrog lub plasticity ntawm kev txav, kev hloov ntawm lub cev thiab lub taub hau, lub zog ntawm cov yeeb yuj palette, tus kws kos duab tau txhawb nqa cov xwm txheej ntawm xyoo txhiab xyoo dhau los. Peb tau koom nrog cov kev paub txaus ntshai ntawm cov neeg uas tab tom yuav tuag hauv qhov hluav taws kub hnyiab uas tshwm sim los ntawm hluav taws kub tawg thiab av qeeg muaj zog. Puas muaj tej xwm txheej zoo li no niaj hnub no? Daim ntawv classical ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog zoo meej, kev ua haujlwm zoo heev, yuam ib tus neeg kom rov qab cov npe ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm High Renaissance. Tus masterpiece ntawm Karl Bryullov ntes nrog nws cov kev zoo nkauj, txawm hais tias nws depicts kev tuag ntawm ancient civilization.

Tsev khaws puav pheej niaj hnub

Yog tias lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj keeb kwm ntawm Imperial Palaces, tam sim no nws yog ib pawg tag nrho, zoo nkauj txawv txawv, uas yog qhov chaw ntawm kab lis kev cai, vim nws daws teeb meem kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm. Los ntawm qhov tob ntawm ntau pua xyoo, cov keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg pleev kob zoo tau nqis los rau peb. Classical, romantic, txhua hnub, ib hom ntawv ua haujlwm tau khaws cia los ntawm Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias. Daim duab qhia peb lub tsev loj - Mikhailovsky Palace.

xeev russian museum nyob rau hauv Petersburg
xeev russian museum nyob rau hauv Petersburg

qhov chaw nyob no tau hloov kho lub tsev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg pleev kob.

Nkauj ntseeg vaj tswv

Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias yog nyob rau hauv 6 architectural monuments ntawm 18th-19th centuries, uas tau ntxiv los ntawm Lub Caij Ntuj Sov thiab Mikhailovsky Gardens, qhov twg cov neeg tuaj xyuas tuaj yeem qhuas tsis yog tsuas yog kev cog ntoo thiab ntoo, tab sis kuj zoo nkauj. duab puab. Excursions muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej, nrog rau cov kev pab ntxiv yog muab los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub, ib tug xinesmas tsev, chav kawm ntawv Internet, lub tsev noj mov uas muaj nruab rau cov neeg tsis taus.

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