Tus sau Salman Rushdie: biography thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Salman Rushdie yog tus kws sau ntawv Askiv nto moo ntawm Indian keeb kwm. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Royal Society of Literature. suav hais tias yog ib tus neeg taug qab ntawm Gabriel Garcia Marquez, tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj tiag tiag. Xyoo 1981, nws yeej qhov khoom plig Booker rau Midnight's Children.

Tus sau phau ntawv keeb kwm

Salman Rushdie yug hauv Bombay. Nws yug hauv 1947. Nws niam nws txiv yog Muslims ntawm Kashmiri keeb kwm.

Txoj kev xav sau nws feem ntau yuav tau txais los ntawm nws yawg, uas yog tus kws sau paj huam uas sau ua lus Urdu ntau hauv Is Nrias teb.

14-xyoo-laus Salman Rushdie raug xa mus kawm hauv tebchaws Askiv. Nws kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm King's College University.

Nws khwv tau nws thawj zaug hauv kev ua yeeb yam, sau ntawv tshuaj xyuas rau cov ntawv xov xwm. Xyoo 1964 nws tau txais kev ua pej xeem Askiv. Thaum ntawd nws muaj 17 xyoo.

Thawj tshaj tawm

Salman Rushdie ua nws ib nrab-sci-fi debut hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Nws thawj cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg tsis pom los ntawm cov neeg nyeem thiab cov neeg thuam.

Thawj qhov kev vam meej tuaj rau nws tom qab tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshiab "Ib tag hmo Cov Me Nyuam". Ntau tus tseem xav tias nws yog nws qhov zoo tshaj plawskhoom.

Ntuj tshiab yog thawj zaug luam tawm xyoo 1981. Sau nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv ntawm tej yam yees siv realism, nws yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem tom qab colonial.

Tus sau kuj sau cov dab neeg luv luv thiab sau ntawv. Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws yog nws sau "East - West", sau ntawv "Jaguar Smile", "Step Beyond", "Fictitious Homeland".

Cov me nyuam ib tag hmo

Zaj dab neeg no yog hais txog ib tug tub hluas uas muaj txiaj ntsig muaj npe hu ua Salema Sinai uas yug hauv 1947, hnub Is Nrias teb Kev ywj pheej. Cov ntawv tshiab piav qhia txog lub neej zaj dab neeg ntawm nws tsev neeg ua ntej thiab tom qab tshaj tawm txog kev tswj hwm ntawm Is Nrias teb. Txoj hmoo ntawm tus protagonist yog ib tug allegory ntawm keeb kwm ntawm nws lub teb chaws.

Thaum pib ib tag hmo Cov Me Nyuam, Rushdie qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm Sinai tsev neeg ua ntej nws yug los. Piav txog cov xwm txheej uas ua rau muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm Is Nrias teb. Salem, uas yug thaum ib tag hmo thaum Lub Yim Hli 15, tau dhau los ua phooj ywg ntawm nws lub tebchaws.

Tam sim no pom tias tag nrho cov me nyuam yug hauv lub sij hawm no tau los ua tus tswv ntawm supernatural powers. Lawv raug hu ua cov menyuam thaum ib tag hmo. Tus protagonist dhau los ua ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas nyob thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Cov tshiab nta ib tug sorceress thiab Shiva warrior, Salem tus sworn yeeb ncuab.

Tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb uas tsis xav tau los ua tus koom nrog txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb loj. Nrog nws tsev neeg, nws tsiv los ntawm Is Nrias teb mus rau Pakistan, raug mob thaum tsov rog ntawm Pakistan thiab Is Nrias teb, raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tsoom fwv uas Indira Gandhi tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Nws keeb kwm tau piav qhia ua ntejthaum ntxov 80s, thaum tus tshiab tau tso tawm.

Cov neeg thuam tau sau tseg tias "Cov me nyuam ib tag hmo" yog qhov tshwm sim zoo kawg nkaus, ib txoj haujlwm sau ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm kev ua khawv koob thiab kev muaj tiag. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias txawm tias cov tsiaj tshwj xeeb tsis muaj peev xwm kov yeej cov kev xav qub. Piv txwv li, kev tawm tsam ntawm Muslims thiab Hindus.

Zaj dab neeg no coj lub koob meej tiag tiag rau Rushdie. Nws tau txais Booker nqi zog rau nws.

Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, lwm qhov tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv Salman Rushdie's biography. Nws tau hu ua "Kev txaj muag" thiab tau mob siab rau Pakistan, kuj tau sau rau hauv hom kev ua khawv koob tiag tiag.

Nkauj tawm tshiab

Ib tag hmo Cov Menyuam yaus tau nrov heev uas xyoo 2012 tau ua yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm Indian-Canadian tus thawj coj Deepa Mehta. Nws tau dhau los ua ib qho kev ua yeeb yam lom zem lom zem uas ib tus tuaj yeem taug qab cov xwm txheej keeb kwm thiab kev nom kev tswv uas tshwm sim hauv Is Nrias teb xyoo pua 20.

Daim kab xev tau raug xaiv tsa rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm London Film Festival, yeej zaj duab xis Directors Guild of Canada Award, thiab tau raug xaiv tsa rau Grand Prize ntawm Valladolid International Film Festival (Spain).

Zaub dab ntxwg nyoog

Qhov kev xav tiag tiag yog tsim los ntawm qhov tshiab " Dab Ntxwg Nyoog Verses" los ntawm Salman Rushdie. Nws tau luam tawm xyoo 1988.

Tus sau tau tsim lub npe los ntawm ib feem ntawm Kaulees uas qhia txog thawj phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad. Kev sib cav txog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov no tseem tab tom ua.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm yog kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, nrog rau kev tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm tib neeg hloov mus rau kev coj noj coj ua tshiab vim tias lawv niaj hnub siv zog rov qab los rau lawv cov hauv paus hniav.

Ntawm tshiab muaj ob zaj dab neeg uas tsim los ua ke. Cov niaj hnub no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Bombay thiab London, thiab ib feem thaum ub tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Arabia, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad.

Nyob rau niaj hnub no ntawm qhov tshiab " Dab Ntxwg Nyoog Verses" los ntawm Salman Rushdie, txhua yam pib nrog cov neeg phem tshuab lub dav hlau. Ob tug Muslim Indians poob tawm ntawm lub dav hlau. Lawv lub npe yog Saladin Chamcha thiab Jibril Farishta.

Chamcha yog ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam Indian uas ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Askiv, feem ntau yog cov cim. Nws muaj ib tug poj niam Askiv, tiam sis tsis muaj menyuam. Chamcha maj mam hloov mus ua satyr, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv dab ntxwg nyoog. Vim hais tias ntawm no metamorphosis, nws yog caum los ntawm tub ceev xwm, nws yuav tsum tau nkaum nyob rau hauv lub tsev so London. Nws dhau los ua nws tus kheej ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Londoners, lawv txawm muaj kev zam rau kev mob ntshav qab zib.

Farishta yog ib tug playboy uas yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo hauv Bollywood. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm Hindu deities. Tam sim no nws raug haunted los ntawm tus dab ntawm ib tug poj niam uas tua tus kheej. Farisht yuav tsum tau los ua tus incarnation ntawm tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Jabrail. Lub caij no, hauv London, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog tus neeg nce toj hu ua Hallelujah.

Farishta mus rau Mecca, uas yog hu ua Jahiliya hauv cov ntawv tshiab. Nyob ntawd nws ntsib tus Yaj Saub Muhammad lus thaum yug ntawm Islam.

Thaum kawg ntawm daim, Farishta tua Hallelujah nyob rau hauv lub haum ntawm kev khib. Nws tag nrho txoj kev mus rau Muhammad nyob rau hauv no hais txog yuav suav hais tias yog ib tug ntawmqhov tshwm sim ntawm exacerbation ntawm schizophrenia. Chamcha rov qab los rau Is Nrias teb tom qab sib raug zoo nrog nws txiv.

Reaction to Salman Rushdie phau ntawv

Nov tshiab los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Askiv ua rau muaj kev tshuaj xyuas tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg Muslim. Tus Iranian theologian Khomeini txawm hais rau pej xeem thuam tus kws sau ntawv thiab txiav txim rau tus sau thiab txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev tshaj tawm phau ntawv no kom tuag. Khomeini bluntly hais kom cov Muslims ua raws kab lus.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Iran thiab Tebchaws Askiv tau raug txiav. Qhov no tshwm sim tom qab ib qho ntawm Iranian lub hauv paus tau tshaj tawm qhov khoom plig rau kev tua neeg ntawm Rushdie. Thaum xub thawj, tus nqi sib npaug rau ob lab daus las, thiab tom qab ntawd nce mus rau ob thiab ib nrab lab. Cov nyiaj kuj tau sau tseg tias tsis tas yuav yog neeg Muslim, lawv npaj them tus neeg uas tua Rushdie.

Feem ntau, qhov kev npau taws no tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tshooj uas Mahound, raws li tus yaj saub Mohammed hu ua nyob rau hauv cov ntawv tshiab, nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Mecca, lees paub ntau tus vajtswv poj niam uas muaj xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. nyob rau hauv Vajtswv lub qhov muag. Nyob rau hauv lwm qhov, Mahound tus qub tus nrog sib ntaus, ib tug kws sau paj lug hu ua Baal, nkaum nyob rau hauv ib tug tsev so uas tag nrho cov niam ntiav muaj npe raws li tus yaj saub tus poj niam.

Tseem muaj lwm qhov kev thuam ntawm qhov tshiab. Hauv nws, Gabriel ntsib ib tus neeg nyiam kev ntseeg, uas nws yooj yim kom paub txog Khomeini nws tus kheej.

Rushdie hauv zais

Tau ntau xyoo, tus kws sau ntawv Salman Rushdie yuav tsum tau uazais. Tsuas yog qee zaus nws tshwm sim rau pej xeem. Nws txawm hloov siab lees txim, tab sis cov neeg Muslim tsis kam lees nws. Khomeini tus thawj coj Ali Khamenei tau hais tias Rushdie txoj kev tuag yuav tsis raug muab tshem tawm txawm tias nws tau los ua tus txiv neej pious tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Tsuas yog nrog kev los rau lub hwj chim hauv Iran ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Mohammad Khatami, qhov xwm txheej tau pib ntsiag to. Xyoo 1998, nws tau hais tias tsoomfwv tsis npaj siab yuav ua ib qho kev ua phem rau Rushdie. Yog li ntawd, rooj plaub ntawm tus sau "Tus Dab Ntxwg Nyoog Nqe" tuaj yeem txiav txim siab kaw.

Tab sis xyoo 2003, lub koom haum Revolutionary Guards los ntawm Iran tau hais tias tus kws sau ntawv txoj kev tuag tseem siv tau. Xyoo 2012, qhov khoom plig tau nce mus rau $ 3,300,000.

Lub sijhawm kawg peb rov qab los rau lub ntsiab lus no yog Lub Ob Hlis 2016. Tom qab ntawd nws tau paub tias hauv Iran qhov khoom plig rau kev tua kab lus tau nce ntxiv. Tam sim no rau 600 txhiab daus las.

Zoo tshaj hauv 40 xyoo

Rushdie muaj lwm yam khoom plig tshwj xeeb. Xyoo 2008, kev pov npav hauv Is Taws Nem tau teeb tsa hauv tebchaws Askiv rau tus yeej zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Booker Prize ntawm 40 xyoo dhau los. Qhov khoom plig tau mus rau tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm. Nws tau raug lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lwm tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv sau tau zoo.

Tsuas yog nws cov menyuam tuaj koom lub koob tsheej. Lawv tau txais khoom plig tshwj xeeb thiab kos rau £ 50,000.

Los ntawm txoj kev, tom qab " Dab Ntxwg Nyoog Verses" kev thuam, tus kws sau ntawv tau tsom mus rau cov dab neeg, thiab tseem tau pib tshaj tawm Salman Rushdie sau cov dab neeg luv luv. Ib tug nto moo tshaj plaws thiabnrov ntawm nws tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd - ib tug me me tshiab "Garun thiab Hiav txwv ntawm \u200b\u200bStories". Tej zaum nws txoj haujlwm ci ntsa iab.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-2000s, txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev tsim txom Muslim, Rushdie khiav PEN hauv Asmeskas tau peb xyoos.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Rushdie paub tias tau sib yuav plaub zaug. Tus poj niam nto moo tshaj plaws yog tus actress los ntawm Is Nrias teb Padmme Lakshmi. Lawv tau sib yuav hauv 2004. Rau tus kws sau ntawv, nws tsuas yog tus poj niam thib plaub xwb.

Lakshmi muaj neeg Khab thiab Asmeskas. Lub koob meej tuaj rau nws hauv 1999 thaum nws ua si hauv kev lom zem series "Pirates" los ntawm Lamberto Bava.

Cov neeg tuaj saib yuav nco qab nws los ntawm Paul Maed Burges 'melodrama Spice Princess thiab Vondie Curtis-Hall's ua yeeb yam Glitter.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw

Tshaj tawm hauv ib qho ntawm nws thawj txoj haujlwm, qhov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw Rushdie tseem nce mus txog tam sim no. Tshwj xeeb, cov ntawv dab neeg "Lub Ntiaj Teb Hauv Qab Nws Feet" thiab "Lub Moor's Farewell Sigh", luam tawm xyoo 90s, tau mob siab rau nws.

Ntxiv rau cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev txheeb xyuas tus kheej ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw, tus kws sau ntawv Askiv hauv cov haujlwm no tau hais txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no uas cuam tshuam rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb.

Clown Shalimar

Ib tus sau cov dab neeg nrov tshaj plaws yog hu ua Shalimar the Clown, sau los ntawm Salman Rushdie hauv xyoo 2005.

Nyob rau hauv daim no, Rushdie tham txog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj thiab tragic,uas txhim kho hauv Kashmir, lub tebchaws ntawm nws niam nws txiv. Ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv tshiab no, cov neeg nyeem tuaj yeem taug qab qhov kev hloov pauv hloov zuj zus ntawm tus neeg ua si acrobatic zoo tib yam hu ua Shalimar rau hauv tus neeg tua neeg ntshav txias.

Ntawm nruab nrab ntawm zaj dab neeg yog ob peb lub cim tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog Shalimar nws tus kheej, ua yeeb yam Bunya, Asmeskas Ambassador Max Ophals, nrog rau nws cov ntxhais. Siv lawv cov piv txwv, Rushdie qhia meej txog kev sib tsoo ntawm Muslim, Western thiab Indian kab lis kev cai.

Tom qab xyoo 2005, Rushdie tau tso peb zaj dab neeg ntxiv. Cov no yog "Tus Florentine Enchantress", "Ob Xyoo, Yim Hli thiab Nees nkaum Yim Hmo", "Lub Tsev Kub".