2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Stanzas yog ib hom paj huam medieval uas tseem nrov hauv cov paj huam tom qab. Ntau tus kws sau ntawv tau tsim stanzas, thiab cov kws sau paj huam Lavxias feem ntau tig mus rau daim ntawv sau paj huam no.
How stanzas appeared
Italian suav tias yog qhov chaw yug ntawm stanzas. Lo lus "stanzas" yog txhais los ntawm Italian li "chav", los yog "stop". Ib lub stanza hauv Italian Renaissance architecture yog ib chav uas cov ntaub ntawv tau kos npe lossis cov rooj sib tham tseem ceeb, xws li Stanza della Senyatura. Tus naas ej Rafael Santi tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim thiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm chav no.
Nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv, stanzas yog stanzas, txhua yam uas muaj nws tus kheej lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, uas yog, txhua stanza tshiab tsis txuas ntxiv rau yav dhau los, tab sis yog tag nrho. Ib stanza qhia txog ib lub tswv yim, tab sis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov paj huam cov stanzas yog organically txuas nrog ib leeg thiab ua ke tsim ib tug artistic tag nrho.
Stans hauv cov ntawv nyeem medieval
Yog li, Ltalis yog qhov chaw yug ntawm stanzas, thiab nyob ntawd lawv feem ntau siv los qhuas cov tswv cuab ntawm cov nom tswv. Stanzas yog thawj zaug sau los ntawm Angelo Poliziano,ib tug kws sau paj lug Italian uas nyob hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, thiab lawv tau mob siab rau Giuliano de 'Medici. Hauv Italis cov ntaub ntawv, ib nqe lus yog ib zaj paj huam uas muaj yim lub suab sib dhos.
Byron's Stanzas
George Gordon Byron yog ib tug kws sau paj huam Askiv zoo uas yog ib tug niaj hnub ntawm Pushkin. Byron cov paj huam tau mob siab rau kev khav theeb ntawm tib neeg lub siab, kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev hlub. Byron tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Carbonari thiab Greeks, thiab sau nws Stanzas hauv 1820.
Tseem muaj Byron's stanzas mob siab rau tim Nkij teb chaws thiab cov ces kaum zoo nkauj ntawm Greek xwm. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nws stanzas yog kev hlub rau ib tug poj niam Greek zoo nkauj thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws rau kev ywj pheej thiab kev ywj pheej. Byron zaj paj huam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau Pushkin txoj haujlwm.
Stans nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam
Stans yog ib hom ntawv uas tau pib ua haujlwm hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam nyob rau xyoo pua kaum yim. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, qhov no yog ib tug me me paj huam, uas muaj quatrains, thiab feem ntau nws loj yog iambic tetrameter. Stanzas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv feem ntau mob siab rau txoj kev hlub ntawm ib tug lyrical hero rau ib tug hluas nkauj, tab sis tej zaum lawv tau txuam nrog socio-cultural breakthroughs nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws, xws li Pushkin's stanzas..
Pushkin's Stanzas
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin sau nws nto moo Stanzas nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1827. Hauv txoj haujlwm no, uas tau tham ntau zaus, cov duab ntawm Peter the Great, tus huab tais Lavxias nto moo, tshwm.
Zaj paj huam notxuam nrog qhov pib ntawm kev kav ntawm Nicholas I. Pushkin, uas nws Stanzas tau los ua kev qhuas ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm imperial, vam tias tus huab tais no yuav hloov lub neej ntawm tib neeg kom zoo dua. Rau nws feem, Nicholas thawj vam tias Pushkin yuav pab tau nws calm lub siab lub ntsws ntawm cov hluas. Nws caw Pushkin los pab hloov txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm.
"Stans" piv ob tus huab tais: Peter the Great thiab nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Nicholas Thawj. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau Pushkin yog Peter lub Great. Tus huab tais no yog ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm tiag tiag uas tsis txaj muag ntawm ib txoj hauj lwm. Nws yog ib tug navigator, kws qhia ntawv, thiab ib tug kws ntoo. Cov hnub uas Peter lub Great kav, raws li Pushkin, ua rau Russia muaj hwj chim loj. Txawm hais tias qhov no tsar darkened pib ntawm nws lub neej nrog kev tua ntawm qhov tsis pom zoo, tab sis tom qab, nrog nws kev pab, Russia muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo. Peter the Great tau kawm tas li thiab yuam kom lwm tus kawm, nws ua haujlwm hnyav rau nws lub tebchaws.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, uas nws Stanzas tau dhau los ua haujlwm nto moo nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, hu rau Emperor Nicholas kuv rov qab ua yeeb yam ntawm Peter lub Great thiab tsa Russia mus rau theem tshiab ntawm kev loj hlob.
Dhau li ntawm "Stans", tib lub sijhawm, tus kws sau paj huam kuj tau sau paj huam "Rau phooj ywg" thiab "Tus Yaj Saub". Nws tau xav tias tag nrho peb zaj paj huam no tsim ib lub voj voog thiab yuav luam tawm xyoo 1828 hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Moskovsky Vestnik. Tab sis Pushkin txoj kev cia siab tsis raug cai: tus huab tais txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm nws cov paj huam, uas Pushkin tau ceeb toom los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm tub ceev xwm Lavxias, Benkendorf.
Stans Lermontov
YMikhail Yurievich Lermontovyog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj creators nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Dab tsi yog stanzas, Lermontov kawm tom qab tau paub txog lus Askiv paj huam, tshwj xeeb, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Byron.
Lermontov's stanzas tshwm sim raws li cov paj huam me me uas tsis tau txhais cov yam ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv 1830-1831, Lermontov tau sau rau 6 zaj paj huam uas txhais tau tias yog stanzas hauv daim ntawv. Lawv lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog kev hlub romantic, hauv cov paj huam ib tug tub hluas hais txog nws tus hlub. Lermontov, uas nws stanzas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm John Byron's Stanzas rau Augusta, cuam tshuam cov kev lig kev cai ntawm kev sau ntawv zoo sib xws tom qab nws.
Lermontov cov paj huam yog sau nrog kev tu siab ntawm tus protagonist, uas pom qhov tsis pom kev thiab kev nyuaj siab ntawm nws lub neej hauv ntiaj teb, npau suav txog lwm lub neej. Tus kws sau paj huam sau txog nws txoj kev kho siab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb no, piv nws tus kheej mus rau lub pob tsuas uas tuaj yeem tiv taus cua thiab cua daj cua dub, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov paj loj hlob ntawm pob zeb los ntawm lawv. Mikhail Lermontov, uas nws stanzas qhia tag nrho cov kws sau paj lug lub ntiaj teb no saib, tau dhau los ua qauv rau ntau lwm tus creators ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.
Annensky Stanzas
Innokenty Fedorovich Annensky yog suav tias yog "swan ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntawv". Tom qab pom nws cov txuj ci poetic thaum muaj hnub nyoog 48 xyoo, Innokenty Annensky tau los ua tus tsim kev sau ntawv zoo heev. Nws zaj paj huam "Lub Stanzas ntawm Hmo Ntuj" tau los ua ib qho tshwm sim tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv nyeem niaj hnub. Nws cov ntsiab lus yog qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev sib ntsib nrog tus hlub, leej twg yuav tsum tuaj hauv qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm hmo ntuj. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias nwspaj huam muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws nrog cov paj huam ntawm Impressionists, tshwj xeeb, nrog cov duab ntawm Claude Monet.
Yesenin's Stanzas
Sergey Alexandrovich Yesenin tau los ua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias tshiab, uas tau coj los ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet. Nws txhawb nqa lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, thiab tag nrho nws cov hauj lwm yog tsom rau kev txhawb nqa lub zog ntawm Soviet lub sij hawm, ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev ua ntawm Pawg Neeg Communist. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lawv kuj muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv.
Thaum nyob hauv Baku, hauv Azerbaijan, tus kws sau paj huam pib sau "Stans". Yesenin nws tus kheej hais txog qhov no hauv ib zaj paj huam: nws nyiam tawm hauv Moscow vim tsis nkag siab nrog tub ceev xwm. Tab sis, paub txog nws qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ("cia kuv qaug cawv qee zaum"), Yesenin tseem sau tias nws lub luag haujlwm tsis yog hu nkauj cov ntxhais, hnub qub thiab lub hli, tab sis lub npe ntawm Lenin thiab Marx. Nws tsis lees paub lub hwj chim saum ntuj ceeb tsheej rau tib neeg lub neej. Tib neeg yuav tsum tsim txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb lawv tus kheej, tus kws sau paj huam ntseeg, thiab rau qhov no koj yuav tsum siv tag nrho cov kev lag luam muaj zog.
Yesenin tsis txhob txwm muab nws lub npe "Stans", zaj paj huam no qhia meej meej rau Pushkin's "Stans". Yesenin yog tus kiv cua ntawm Pushkin txoj haujlwm, tso paj ntawm nws lub monument. Tab sis Yesenin ntseeg hais tias stanzas tsis yog ib daim ntawv ntawm kev hlub lyrics, tab sis yog ib txoj kev qhia ib tug pej xeem txoj hauj lwm.
Yesenin's Stanzas tsis tau pom zoo los ntawm cov thawj coj tog uas xav pom hauv Yesenin ib tus kws sau paj huam tag nrho rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov pauv. Tab sis cov paj huam no ua rau tus kws sau paj huam tig los ntawm "Moscow tavern" mus rau lub Soviet tshiabkev muaj tiag. Ntau tus neeg thuam xav li ntawd. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Krasnaya Nov cov ntawv xov xwm tau mob siab rau qhov ua haujlwm no, uas tau txiav txim siab tias Yesenin tau dhau los ua nws tus kheej, tus kws sau paj huam Soviet tiag tiag. Kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm tus kws sau paj huam ua haujlwm tau suav tias yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub nroog Baku, qhov chaw uas nws tau nyob, thiab kev phooj ywg nrog Petr Ivanovich Chagin..
Stans Brodsky
Y Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky yog ib tug kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab uas txawj sib npaug hauv Lavxias thiab lus Askiv. Nws yeej Nobel nqi zog thaum nws tseem hluas ntawm 47.
Ib tug neeg nyob hauv St. Petersburg, nws nyob thawj zaug hauv Russia, tom qab ntawd hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov paj huam, Petersburg flashes, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau lub nroog no tau hais nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm nto moo "Stances to the City".
Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm phau ntawv "New Stanzas rau Lub Yim Hli" qhia tias txoj haujlwm no feem ntau siv cov lexical units xws li cov npe Marie thiab Telemachus, nrog rau cov lus "madame", "nyob zoo", "phooj ywg". Tus neeg hais lus tseem ceeb ntawm "New Stanzas rau Augusta" yog tus hlub uas tos nws tus phooj ywg. Tag nrho cov lus thov ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yog hais rau nws. Raws li Brodsky cov paj huam, ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab dab tsi hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Brodsky lub hauv paus ua cim yog ib tug lyrical hero; lub motif ntawm exile kuj tseem ceeb rau nws paj huam.
Cov khoom sau "New Stanzas rau Lub Yim Hli" tau mob siab rau Maria Basmanova. Nws muaj tsis tau tsuas yog dluab ntawm lyrical heroes, tab sis kuj cov khoom. Lawv muaj lub ntsiab lus piv txwv. Lub lyrical hero muab nws tus hluas nkauj ib lub nplhaib nrogturquoise. Turquoise yog lub pob zeb ua los ntawm tib neeg cov pob txha. Tus phab ej thov kom nws tus hlub coj lub pob zeb no rau ntawm nws tus ntiv tes ntiv tes.
Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam "Ib daim ntawm lub Honeymoon" tus sau tshawb txog cov lus marine. Nws tus hlub lub npe yog Marina, yog li nws them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau lub ntsiab lus marine.
Paj huam "Hmo ntuj Flight" yog mob siab rau kev mus ncig hauv plab ntawm lub dav hlau, thiab tus kws sau paj lug lees tias nws ib txwm xav mus rau Central Asia. Kev mus los ntawm lub dav hlau muaj ob lub ntsiab lus rau nws - nws yog ob qho tib si ya mus rau lwm lub neej thiab taug kev mus rau txoj kev sawv rov los. Tus kws sau paj lug siv zog rau lwm qhov tseeb, qhov twg yuav tsis muaj kev txom nyem thiab kev tsim txom.
Pom zoo:
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Poets hais txog paj huam thiab quotes txog paj huam
Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv txoj hmoo thiab lub neej ntawm cov kws sau paj huam? Paj huam txhais li cas rau lawv? Lawv sau dab tsi thiab xav txog nws? Puas yog nws ua haujlwm lossis kos duab rau lawv? Puas nyuaj ua ib tug kws sau paj lug, thiab txhais li cas los ua ib tug kws sau paj huam? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no hauv kab lus. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no yuav muab rau koj los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam lawv tus kheej hauv lawv cov haujlwm
Arab kws sau paj huam txij hnub nyoog nruab nrab mus rau tam sim no. Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, kev zoo nkauj thiab kev txawj ntse, hu nkauj nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm cov kws sau paj huam
Arabic paj huam muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj. Paj huam tsis yog ib daim duab kos duab rau cov neeg Arab thaum ub, tab sis kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev los qhia cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Niaj hnub no, tsuas yog qee tus kws sau paj huam Arab, cov kws sau ntawv ntawm rubai quatrains, tej zaum yuav paub rau ntau tus, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv Arabic thiab paj huam muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj thiab ntau haiv neeg
"Tus kws sau paj huam tuag" Lermontov nqe lus "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag". Lermontov muab rau leej twg "Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam"?
Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem". Analysis ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov pej xeem"
Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm