Phau ntawv cov lus ntawm Lavxias

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Rau qhov kev nkag siab zoo ntawm phau ntawv lo lus yog dab tsi, cia peb nco ntsoov tias hauv kev hais lus muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb - lus thiab hais lus, uas yuav tsum sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Cov lus yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm cov paib thiab cov cai uas cov paib no tau siv. Nws yog tas li ntawm txhua lub sij hawm theem thiab muaj nyob rau hauv txhua tus neeg. Hauv kev sib txuas lus txhua hnub, tus neeg tau ntsib nrog ib qho kev tshwm sim tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib hom lus hauv kev sib txuas lus, uas yog, nrog kev hais lus.

Kev hais lus tuaj yeem hais lus lossis sau. Cov tom kawg tau txwv nruj tshwj xeeb rau ib tus neeg, vim tias tib txoj kev xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev sau ntawv yog cov lus. Tsis zoo li qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm qhov ncauj, tus kws sau ntawv tsis tuaj yeem pab nws tus kheej nrog kev piav tes piav taw, lub ntsej muag qhia, intonation, thiab tus nyeem ntawv tsis tuaj yeem nug dua txog qhov nws nkag siab yuam kev. Yog li ntawd, cov lus paj lug uas paub zoo: "Yuav ua li cas sau nrog tus cwj mem tsis tuaj yeem txiav nrog rab hneev." Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau tsim cov lus hais hauv qhov ncauj, tus neeg muaj lub sijhawm zoo rau kev xaiv thiab npaj cov lus txhais tau tias tsim nyog.

Txhua lo lus ntawm ib hom lus ua rau nws cov lus. Txij li thaum tib neeg siv hom lus rau ntau lub hom phiaj (kev sib txuas lus nrog cov phooj ywg, cov npoj yaig thiab cov neeg koj hlub; tsim cov ntawv sau; sau cov ntawv tshawb fawb thiabcov ntawv pov thawj; kev tsim cov nqi thiab ntau ntxiv), nws yog qhov tseeb tias txoj kev siv rau cov hom phiaj no yuav tsum sib txawv. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov yog thawj tus neeg nyiam qhov no. Nws yog nws tus thawj coj kev txhim kho ntawm "txoj kev xav ntawm 3 lub siab", piav txog lawv li "siab", "nruab nrab" thiab "qis".

Lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus yog stylistically nruab nrab cov lus (lub tsev, rooj, diav, rag, zoo, xiav, taug kev, khiav, taug kev, hauv, yog, thiab lwm yam). Lo lus "Low" niaj hnub no feem ntau hu ua lus (tib tsheb ciav hlau, ruam, muaj tom, ah, yog) thiab "kev hais lus" (moron, poob rau hauv kev hlub, foul thiab lwm yam mus rau hais lus phem).

Phau ntawv cov lus yog cov lus Lomonosov hu ua "siab siab". Niaj hnub nimno linguists, nrog rau cov style colloquial, paub qhov txawv 4 lub ntsiab phau ntawv style: xov xwm, official lag luam, scientific thiab ntawv tseeb style. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv, nrog rau cov lus nruab nrab, stylistically xim xim.

1. Phau ntawv cov lus ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm (tshwj xeeb cov ntsiab lus: chronicle, correspondent, format, xov xwm portal, xov xwm lub koom haum, tawm tsam, genocide, confessions; soj ntsuam cov lus: avant-garde, anti-colonial, upscale, tsis).
2. Cov lus hais txog kev ua lag luam (clericalisms: cov neeg siv khoom, tus neeg siv khoom, tus lej nyiaj hauv txhab nyiaj, vim, tus neeg thov, cassation; cov lus pabcuam: vim yog txhaum, hais txog, vim; cov lus siv - dav siv thiab tshwj xeeb heev: attache, ratification, raws tu qauv, fee).
3. BookCov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus sib txawv (cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau hom: sib txawv, sib cav, alkali, cuam tshuam, square root, phonology; paub daws teeb meem thiab cov lus hauv phau ntawv: hesitation, sib piv, qhov chaw; abbreviations: VNIIGMI, CAD; cim: CuS, PbO; "tsim" cov lus: kho, sib tsoo, dov).

4. 

   Cov lus zoo nkauj zoo nkauj (poeticisms: subsoil, flaming, ambrosia, lofty, txaj, mloog; archaisms thiab historicisms: ntsej muag, plhu, tes, pom, hais lus; pej xeem poetic vocabulary: kruchinushka, tu siab rau tu siab, nyob zoo phooj ywg, taug kev).

Phau ntawv cov lus, cov piv txwv uas tau muab los saum no, kuj tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov lus hais, tab sis qhov no, cov neeg sib tham paub txog cov lus thiab cov lus hais txawv teb chaws, siv rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li, comic. ("Nyeem cov ntawv sau no!", "Tshem tawm!", "Apartheid dab tsi!", "Zoo, kuv tus phooj ywg!").