2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv medieval muaj ntau yam, txhua yam uas txawv ntawm nws daim ntawv, ntsuas thiab lub hom phiaj. Ib hom ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog canzone, uas yuav tau tham hauv kab lus no.
canzone nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog dab tsi?
Canzone lossis canzoneta yog ib lo lus los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Tej zaum qhov no yog ib hom ntawv nyeem thoob ntiaj teb thiab nthuav dav hauv lawv txoj haujlwm, tom qab ntawd muab faib ua ntau yam ntxiv. Thaum pib, lub canzone yog ib zaj nkauj rau kev hlub hauv tsev hais plaub. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm knightly-feudal lyrics ntawm Provence, los ntawm qhov ntawd nws tsiv mus rau ltalis, qhov twg nws tau muab nta zoo dua rau cov lus Italian.
Lub ntsiab lus
lo lus canzone txhais li cas? Nws los ntawm lub npe los ntawm cov lus Provencal - canso, uas txhais tau tias "suab nkauj". Lo lus no suab yuav luag tib yam hauv Italis thiab Catalan, uas hom canzone kuj tau siv dav.
Provencal Canzona
Tseeb, Ameslikas ib lub canzone yog ib zaj nkauj hu nkauj, uas yog XIIxyoo pua dhau mus rau hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm troubadours. Lub Provencal canzone muaj tsib los yog xya stanzas thiab xaus nrog ob peb luv luv stanzas - tornadoes (los ntawm Provencal "tig"). Lawv muaj cov lus thov hais rau ib tus neeg tau pib rau hauv qhov zais cia, xa cov lus-canzone thiab qhia txog tus neeg rau leej twg, qhov tseeb, lub canzone tau hais. Tab sis lub npe tom kawg feem ntau tsis yog hu ua kev zais cia, tab sis siv lub npe menyuam yaus.
Tus hais lus ntawm zaj nkauj no tuaj yeem yog tus poj niam zoo nkauj, lossis tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm tus neeg mob, lossis tus phooj ywg ze uas yog tus kheej rau kev hlub zais cia. Cov ntsiab lus rau canzones feem ntau yog cov hauv qab no: them rov qab qhuas ntawm kev hlub, ib zaj dab neeg hais txog cov kev xav uas tawg tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, qhov txias ntawm tus poj niam lossis kev qhuas ntawm qhov khoom ntawm kev hlub, kev tu siab los ntawm kev sib cais yav tom ntej. ib tug poj niam.
Tus qauv ntawm lub canzone tau zoo heev, vim hais tias, zoo li tag nrho cov paj huam troubadour, nws tau tsim los ua suab paj nruag. Txwv tsis pub, tshwj tsis yog rau lub ntsiab lus thiab kev ntsuas, hom no yog qhov sib txawv heev. Cov lus sib dhos rau txhua zaj nkauj yog tib neeg nkaus xwb. Ntxiv nrog rau cov monologue, kuj tseem muaj canzona-kev sib tham, tsim los ntawm kev sib tham ntawm tus sau zaj nkauj thiab Tus Poj Niam Zoo Nkauj, los yog ntawm ob lub troubadours. Tseem muaj ntau yam pastoral canzona hu ua pasturel.
Italian canzona
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, hauv tebchaws Ltalis, lub canzone yog kev hloov pauv ntawm Provençal canzone, uas cov neeg Italians tau ua raws li cov qauv ntawm lawv cov lus. Ntawm cov kws sau ntawv nto moo,ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv hom ntawv no, peb tuaj yeem nco qab Dante, Guinicelli, Petrarch, Cavalcanti. Italian canzones yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov kev xav thiab paub daws teeb meem.
Cov kev cai lij choj raws li cov haujlwm ntawm hom no yuav tsum tau tsim yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm Dante, thiab nws suav tias yog canzone precisely raws li ib hom ntawv nyeem-suab paj nruag. Qhov thib ob ntawm lub treatise "Nyob rau hauv Folk Eloquence" yog devoted rau lub ntsiab lus no. Nyob rau hauv nws, tus kws sau paj lug feem ntau hais txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm txoj haujlwm - nws yuav tsum muaj cov lus qhia thiab lub ntsiab, uas, dhau los, tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov me me. Dante hais tias yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi txog qhov tsim nyog rhymes, tus naj npawb ntawm stanzas thiab atherosclerosis, yog li hauv Italis cov ntaub ntawv koj tuaj yeem pom ntau yam canzones, tab sis feem ntau yog cov nkauj nrog kaum ib lub suab lus. Cov stanzas nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si Italian thiab Provençal version ua raws ib leeg yam tsis siv cov refrains thiab refrains - qhov no feature yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov laus song hom.
Ob qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm hom canzone tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Ltalis - sextine, tus neeg tsim khoom uas suav tias yog troubadour Arnaut Daniel, thiab tus tub, uas tau tshwm sim hauv Sicily hauv xyoo pua 13th thiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm ntawm Dante thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Petrarch.
Txoj hmoo ntxiv ntawm canzona
Cov hom canzone maj mam ploj los ntawm kev siv thaum cov kev cai ntawm chivalry pib tawm, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov haujlwm ua tsis cuam tshuam. Lub canzone tau txais nws lub rooj txhawb siab zaum kawg hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Petrarchists ntawm xyoo pua 16th thiab tom qab ntawd nws khov rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 20th txaus siabrau hom ntawv nyeem no rov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog cov kev txaus siab tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm troubadours. Tom qab ntawd lawv cov paj huam tsis tau pom dua los ntawm prism ntawm romanticism, sim mus kawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub hnub nyoog nyiaj, piv txwv li, Valery Bryusov thiab Vyacheslav Ivanov, pib tig mus rau stylization ntawm canzones, tab sis ib hom ntawv nyeem tsis tau rooted vim lub fact tias nws tsis sib xws ntau dhau mus rau ib puag ncig. kev muaj tiag.
Canzone in music
Ntxiv rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus canzone hauv cov ntaub ntawv, muaj xws li ib hom suab paj nruag - nws muaj nyob rau hauv ltalis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th raws li ib tug polyphonic piece npaj rau ib pawg ntawm cov twj paj nruag los yog solo. Thaum pib, cov no yog cov ntawv sau ntawm Fabkis cov nkauj polyphonic, tom qab ntawd thawj cov haujlwm Italian pib tshwm.
Pom zoo:
Hom ntawv nyeem thiab lawv lub hom phiaj. Hom ntawv tseeb
Cov ntawv nyeem yog lub tswv yim amoebic (hauv cov ntsiab lus sib npaug, nrog rau hom ntawv nyeem), thoob plaws ntau pua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej, nws hloov tsis tau ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus
Hom yog keeb kwm. Keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem
Ib yam li tus kws sau keeb kwm, tus kws sau ntawv tuaj yeem tsim kho qhov tshwm sim thiab cov xwm txheej yav dhau los, txawm tias lawv cov kev tsim ua yeeb yam, tau kawg, txawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Tus kws sau ntawv, tso siab rau cov dab neeg no, kuj suav nrog cov ntawv tseeb muaj tswv yim hauv nws cov haujlwm - nws piav qhia tias yuav ua li cas, thiab tsis yog qhov tseeb
Cov ntawv nyeem Baroque - yog dab tsi? Stylistic nta ntawm baroque ntaub ntawv. Baroque ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia: piv txwv, sau ntawv
Baroque yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 17th. Txhais los ntawm Italian, lub sij hawm txhais tau tias "bizarre", "strange". Qhov kev taw qhia no tau kov ntau hom kev kos duab thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, architecture. Thiab dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv baroque?
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov ntawv nyeem - lub tswv yim no yog dab tsi? Hom, hom thiab piv txwv ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho lub ntsiab lus yog kev tsis sib haum xeeb: kev tawm tsam, kev sib cav ntawm kev txaus siab thiab tus cwj pwm, kev xav sib txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov duab sau ntawv, thiab tom qab nws, zoo li phau ntawv qhia, zaj dab neeg tsim
Epic hom ntawv nyeem. Piv txwv thiab nta ntawm ib hom ntawv epic
Tib neeg lub neej, txhua yam xwm txheej uas ua rau nws txaus siab, keeb kwm ntawm tus txiv neej, nws tus kheej, nws cov ntsiab lus, tau piav qhia hauv qee hom kev kos duab - tag nrho cov no yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm epic. Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv epic - tshiab, dab neeg, zaj dab neeg luv luv - suav nrog tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no