Zoo tiag tiag hauv kev sau ntawv thiab kos duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Zoo tiag tiag yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv hauv kev kos duab uas tshwm sim hauv xyoo pua 19th. Nws tau tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ci ntsa iab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev pleev xim. Lo lus no siv rau ntau yam kev ua yeeb yam.

Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntaus nqi nws qhov kev tsim kho rau F. M. Dostoevsky, qee tus rau Friedrich Nietzsche. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau xyoo pua 20th, tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam Yevgeny Vakhtangov tau siv nws hauv nws cov lus qhuab qhia. Thiab tom qab ntawd cov neeg thuam kev ua yeeb yam hauv tsev tau pib txhais Vakhtangov txoj kev muaj tswv yim zoo li "qhov tseeb tiag."

tswvyim

Raws li peb tab tom xav txog, peb txhais tau tias qhov kev sib txawv hauv kev kos duab thiab cov ntawv nyeem uas tus sau, piav qhia txog qhov tseeb, sim nkag siab thiab piav qhia los ntawm kev tsim cov duab zoo heev. Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog:

• Inconsistency with objective reality, tsis muaj conditionality ntawm ib tug neeg tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb fantasytib neeg los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lwm qhov tseeb, lawv lub ntsiab yog pom raws li qhov tshwm sim.
• Kev nkag siab ntawm kev muaj tiag. Cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam tsim lub ntiaj teb zoo heev, nyob rau hauv uas "tib neeg" tus phab ej lossis cov cim nrog dab ntxwg nyoog raug tso tseg.

Yog li, "kev muaj tiag zoo heev" tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob lub ntiaj teb - khoom siv thiab sab ntsuj plig. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov thib peb, "kev muaj tiag tsis pom", tsim kom zoo nkauj tshiab.

Zoo heev realism hauv painting

Cov kev taw qhia no tseem tshwm nyob rau hauv ib lub npe txawv. Nws yog hu ua "Viennese Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ntseeg Zoo Tshaj Plaws". Nws tshwm sim hauv Austrian kos duab hauv xyoo 1948 ntawm Vienna Academy of Arts. Nws tau tsim los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas yog cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Austrian artist thiab kws sau paj huam Albert Gütersloh.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv no yog mystical-kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv xwm. Nws cov neeg sawv cev tau koom nrog hauv kev kawm txog qhov tob tob tob ntawm tib neeg tus ntsuj plig. Lawv tsa cov ntsiab lus nyob mus ib txhis, lawv tsom mus rau cov kev coj noj coj ua hauv German Renaissance.

Nyob rau thaum ntxov 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, pab pawg no pib tsim ib tug tshiab style thiab ib tug tshiab lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm zoo heev realism. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, chav kawm txuas ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm "Visionary Art", raws li cov duab ntawm dab tsi ib tug neeg xav txog thaum nyob rau hauv ib tug lub xeev ntawm hloov siab lees txim, meditation. Ntawm cov kws paub txog kev coj noj coj ua yog:

• Wolfgang Hutter.
• Anton Lemden.
• Ernst Fuchs.
• Rudolf Hausner.
• Arik Brauer.

Zoo tiag tiag hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Nws cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb hauv lub xyoo pua 19th yog A. S. Pushkin, N. V. Gogol, F. M. Dostoevsky. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th-21st, qee qhov haujlwm los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv xws li Strugatsky cov kwv tij, Haruki Murakami tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yog ib qho piv txwv. Xav txog cov piv txwv luv luv.

• "Nov" los ntawm N. V. Gogol (1836). Txoj haujlwm no nthuav tawm ib zaj dab neeg txog cov xwm txheej zoo kawg uas tau tshwm sim hauv lub neej ntawm Kovalev, tus kws ntsuam xyuas qib siab. Muaj ib hnub thaum nws sawv los, nws pom tias nws tshuav tsis muaj qhov ntswg.
• "Demons" los ntawm F. M. Dostoevsky (1871-1872). Ib tug yav tom ntej tshiab, nyob rau hauv uas cov zajlus yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tiag tiag hais txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub revolutionary Nechaev. Cov tswv cuab ntawm lub kiv puag ncig tua lawv cov phooj ywg, uas txiav txim siab so haujlwm. Ntawm no tus kws sau ntawv kawm txog qhov peculiarities ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig, uas tau nyob hauv "dab ntxwg nyoog".
• Roadside Picnic los ntawm Strugatsky cov kwv tij (1972). Txoj hauj lwm qhia txog lub Zos - ib qho chaw uas saib los ntawm ib tug neeg, ua, raws li nws yog, ib qho kev sim uas tswj tib neeg ntsuj plig.
• "1Q84" Haruki Murakami (2009-2010). Qhov kev txiav txim yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb uas ib txhia pom tsis yog ib tug, tab sis ob lub hli nyob rau hauv lub ntuj. Nws nyob ntawm ib tug me me pej xeem uas tawm ntawm ib tug tshis tuag lub qhov ncauj thiab weave ib tug Cua Cocoon.

Nyob hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin

Hais txog kev ua raws li Pushkin's "zoo heev realism", cov neeg sau ntawv thuam xav txog Tus Poj huab tais ntawm Spades, suav Nulin, Me Me Tragedies, Poltava, sau los ntawm nws. Nws piav txog lub neej thawj zaug"insignificant heroes", nrog rau kev npaj txhij txog, zoo heev zajlus twists. Ua li ntawd, nws deviates los ntawm classical romanticism.

Cov duab zoo heev ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm allegories, nrog rau kev xav, keeb kwm thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws generalizations. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv "Poj huab tais ntawm Spades" mystical tivthaiv yog siv los qhia cov metamorphosis uas tshwm sim nrog cov neeg uas ua ntawv. Ua rau muaj kev zoo siab heev, Herman poob rau hauv kev npau taws.

In the works of NV Gogol

Lawv qhia txog tus qauv tshwj xeeb, uas yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev npau suav thiab kev muaj tiag, grotesque thiab nthuav dav, tragic thiab comic. Ib qho piv txwv yog nws "Petersburg Tales", "Evenings on a Farm ze Dikanka", "Dead Souls". Nyob rau hauv lawv, nws txuas ntxiv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "tus txiv neej me" tsa los ntawm AS Pushkin, thiab tshawb txog lub neej ntawm tus neeg no siv cov motifs zoo heev thiab fairy taleas, masterfully combining qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb.

In Dostoevsky's novels

Tus kws sau ntawv no muaj qhov qhia txog tib neeg qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag hauv cov xwm txheej hu ua ciam teb. Thiab nws kuj piav txog cov ntsuj plig uas ploj lawm uas raug tsim txom los ntawm kev xav xav. Qhov no yog Raskolnikov nyob rau hauv lub tshiab "Kev ua txhaum cai thiab rau txim", thiab Shatov nyob rau hauv lub tshiab "Dab", thiab Ivan Karamazov nyob rau hauv "Cov kwv tij Karamazov". Cov kws tshawb fawb pom qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Dostoevsky's "zoo tiag tiag" hauv qhov no.

Txhawm rau xav txog qhov originality ntawm tus kws sau ntawv no, cov neeg sau ntawv thuam tau siv cov ntsiab lus xws li "sim realism", "sim realism", "ideal-kev muaj tiag". Nws qhov kev xav ntawm qhov tseeb feem ntau raug thuam. Nws tau raug piav raws li kev nruj kev tsiv, tshwj xeeb, thiab zoo heev. Tus kws sau ntawv tsis pom zoo rau qhov kev xav no. Nws ntseeg tias qhov zoo heev thiab qhov tiag yuav tsum sib txuas lus sib txuas ua ke kom tus nyeem ntawv tuaj yeem ntseeg qhov tseeb ntawm qhov sau.