Alexander Alyabyev: phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv, duab ntawm Alexander Alyabyev

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev hlub, tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws Alexander Alyabyev, nrhiav tau suab paj nruag Pushkiniana, Lavxias teb sab chamber instrumental music, thiab dhau los ua ib qho kev sib tw ntawm ntau yam kev ua tiav ntawm lub teb chaws composer tsev kawm ntawv. Nws yog tus paub zoo tshaj plaws rau nws cov suab paj nruag ua haujlwm, uas rau hnub no yog cov nyiam tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau tau ua txawm tias nyob hauv tsev neeg lub voj voog raws li lub siab nyiam. Piv txwv li, "Nightingale", "Winter Road", "Zaj Tswb" thiab ntau, ntau lwm tus.

Biography

Alexander Alyabyev tau qhia suab paj nruag thaum yau. Muaj pov thawj tias nws tau kawm piano los ntawm lub npe nrov D. Field. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau mob siab rau nws thawj zaug rau nws, thiab nws yog pianoforte "Big Polonaise" - thawj qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj tiag tiag hauv hom ntawv no hauv tebchaws Russia.

YugAlexander Alyabyev nyob rau hauv Tobolsk, nyob rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus tswv xeev, uas muab lub sij hawm rau nws tau txais kev kawm zoo heev. Nws tawm tsam nrog Napoleon ua ib tug neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb, nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov detachment ntawm tus kws sau paj lug Denis Davydov, raug mob hnyav thiab tau txais kev txiav txim siab rau siab tawv thiab ua siab loj. Thiab tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, Alexander Alyabyev, tus kws sau nkauj, tau mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau suab paj nruag.

Hauv cov chav nyob hauv zej zog siab, cov lus tawm los ntawm nws cov yeeb yaj kiab, vaudevilles tau hlub thiab ua haujlwm tas li, thiab kev sib hlub tshwj xeeb yog feem ntau hu nkauj. Biography ntawm Alexander Alyabyev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov neeg zoo: nws yog heev phooj ywg nrog Griboedov, Shakhovsky, lub Decembrists Bestuzhevs, Mukhanov. Nws qhia cov phiaj xwm thiab sib tham txog kev hais kwv txhiaj nrog Verstovsky thiab Vilegorsky cov kwv tij. Nyob rau hauv Moscow - theatrical lub neej. Txawm tias "Triumph ntawm Muses" thaum qhib Bolshoi Theatre tau sau los ntawm Alyabyev ua ke nrog Verstovsky thiab Scholz.

Nothing foretold

Lub suab paj nruag tsim los ntawm Alexander Alyabyev tau dhau los ua neeg paub thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Daim duab tsis muaj nyob thaum ntawd, tab sis nws cov duab kos tau pleev xim los ntawm cov neeg paub zoo nyob rau hnub ntawd - tus kws sau ntawv tau nto moo. Nws romances tau hu nkauj nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, thiab nyob rau hauv Moscow, thiab nyob rau hauv lub nroog nyob deb tshaj plaws. Nws operas Lub Zos Philosopher, Moonlight Night, thiab ballet Lub Nruas Khawv koob tau tshwm sim ntawm Bolshoi Theatre.

Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1825, nws tus khub hauv daim npav ua si tuag. Mam li nco dheev. Thiab Alyabyev raug ntes. Lub txim tua neeg tsis tau muaj pov thawj. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws sau ntawv tau raug tshem tawm ntawm txhua qib, kev txiav txim siab thiab nom tswv. Thiab exiled rov qab mus rau Tobolsk. Nyob rau hauv ib tug deb heev Siberianlub nroog txias qhov twg nws zoo siab thaum yau ib zaug dhau mus. Cov duab hauv qab no qhia txog tus phooj ywg ntawm tus kws sau nkauj thiab tus sau paj huam ntawm kev sib hlub zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Alyabyev - Nikolai Ogaryov.

Tobolsk thiab Caucasus

Alexander Alyabyev tau liam qhov tsis ncaj ncees no nyuaj heev uas tsuas yog suab paj nruag thiaj li ua rau nws tsis nyob hauv cov kauj ruam kawg. Ntawm no nws tau teeb tsa lub suab paj nruag zoo, nws ua yeeb yam raws li pianist, npaj txhua yam kev hais kwv txhiaj. Thiab nws sau suab paj nruag uas txawv heev ntawm yav dhau los, tsis muaj huab. Ntawm no nws zoo tshaj plaws romances tshwm: "Lub caij ntuj no txoj kev", "Irtysh", "Ob Crows". Tab sis kev poob siab ua rau nws tus kheej xav tias: biography ntawm Alexander Alexandrovich Alyabyev raws li ib tug secular neeg uas nkag mus rau hauv ib lub tsev twb dhau lawm. Tus kws sau ntawv raug mob hnyav.

Xya xyoo tom qab, xyoo 1832, nws raug tso cai tawm hauv Siberia thiab mus rau Caucasus kho. Nws romances tau sau rau ntawd, luam tawm nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub npe "Caucasian Singer". Ntev ua ntej tus sau tseem ceeb ntawm cov dab neeg M. I. Glinka, nws yog Alyabyev Alexander Alexandrovich uas tau sau cov nkauj ntawm Caucasians, Kirghiz, Bashkirs, sib haum xeeb thiab ua tiav lawv, siv lawv hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Ua ke nrog Maksimovich, nws koom nyob rau hauv lub sau "Lub suab ntawm Ukrainian nkauj", uas NV Gogol nyiam heev. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv lub portrait - tus tswv ntawm lub salon, qhov twg ntau Alyabyev tej hauj lwm tau ua thawj zaug, tus composer tus phooj ywg, nto moo Alexander Griboyedov.

Rov

"Kev zam txim" Alyabyeva heevmaj mam: nyob rau hauv 1835 lawv tau tso cai nyob nrog cov txheeb ze nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam nrog ib tug tag nrho txwv tsis pub tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub capital, nyob rau hauv 1843 lawv tau tso cai nyob rau hauv Moscow, tab sis nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub tub ceev xwm saib xyuas. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias: tsis txhob pom cov pej xeem, tsis mus xyuas, tsis nyob hauv concerts, tsis nyob rau hauv theatre. Tias yog vim li cas thiaj li muaj kev sib nyiam sib hlub nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm pej xeem xws li "Tus Neeg thov khawv", "Lub Zos Saib Xyuas", "Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj" ua tiav nws lub neej thiab txoj hauv kev muaj tswv yim. Thiab feem ntau, nws yuav tsum tau hais, hauv kev thov los ntawm pej xeem txog tam sim no, thiab yuav luag tag nrho nws cov haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm raug tshem tawm tau dhau los ua kev kawm.

Tsis muaj leej twg ntawm thawj tus kws sau nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab romances coj qhov chaw siab hauv Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag li Alyabyev Alexander Alexandrovich. Biography luv luv thiab uas impresses nrog ntau yam xwm txheej ntawm nws lub neej nyuaj. Nws ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua hom suab paj nruag, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws qhov kev txaus siab yog lub suab nkauj. Ntau tshaj 180 zaj nkauj thiab romances tau tsim los ntawm Alexander Alyabyev. Ib tug kws sau ntawv uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm, zoo li nws yog, tsis tau hais txog kev ua haujlwm hnyav hauv ntuj txiag teb tsaus ntawm kev ntxhov siab. Ntxiv mus, nws tau sau romances uas tseem hits, xws li "The Nightingale" rau cov nqe lus ntawm Delvig los yog "The Beggar" rau nqe ntawm Beranger. Alexander Pushkin, piav qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no, yog tus sau ntau tshaj nees nkaum ntawm Alyabyev qhov kev sib hlub zoo tshaj plaws.

Creativity

Romances Alexander Alyabyev tau sau rau nqe lus ntawm cov kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws: nws nyiam tus thawj coj Davydov, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Kozlov, Koltsov, Lermontov. Nees nkaum ob romances sau nyob rau hauv nqeAlexander Pushkin, thiab kaum tsib ntawm lawv - thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Ogaryov cov paj huam tau txhawb nws ntau dua li lwm tus.

Alyabyev kuj tau sau ntau lub suab paj nruag symphonic, ob chav chamber thiab instrumental: symphony hauv E minor yog qhov zoo heev, kev ntxhov siab hauv F me, ntau qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj overtures, ntau concertos rau ntau yam solo instruments nrog orchestra, seev cev suites. Txog rau tam sim no, ntau ntawm Alyabyev lub chamber ensembles tau kawm hauv cov tsev kawm suab paj nruag thiab cov chaw khaws cia, thiab tseem muaj suab nrov hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Cov duab hauv qab no qhia txog tus neeg nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Alyabyev lub sijhawm - Decembrist Alexander Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, tus sau zaj dab neeg, raws li qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau ua rau lub suab paj nruag Alyabyev, thiab nws kuj tau sau romances rau Bestuzhev-Marlinsky cov nqe lus.

ua yeeb yam, dab neeg, suab paj nruag dawb ceev

Alyabyev cov keeb kwm rau kev ua yeeb yam yog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov suab paj nruag zoo tshaj plaws hauv txhua hom kev paub thaum lub sijhawm ntawd: cov no yog operas, thiab ballet, thiab ntau tshaj nees nkaum vaudevilles, uas tsis txawv ntau ntawm operas, muaj cantata, thiab suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam, thiab ntawm lawv - thiab comedies, thiab tragedies, thiab dramas. Alyabyev kuj tau sau nkauj rau Moscow premiere ntawm Pushkin's Mermaid, Shakespeare's Tempest thiab Cov Poj Niam Zoo Siab ntawm Windsor.

Tau, ntsuas, muab tso ua ke thiab luam tawm ntau cov nkauj pej xeem hauv kev sau - Lavxias, Ukrainian, Tatar, Central Asian, Caucasian. Ntau tshaj li ib puas tej hauj lwm ntawm sab ntsuj plig cov ntsiab lus los ntawm nws tus cwj mem, ntawm cov uas yog nto moo liturgy.

Txoj hmoo ntawm cuab yeej cuab tam

Raws li feem ntau tshwm sim nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws uas tsis muaj sijhawm ua haujlwm rau cov menyuam yaus lossis cov uas coj ncaj ncees tsis pom lawv tus kheej ua tus tsim ntawm "tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj", Alyabyev cov keeb kwm tsis tau khaws cia rau feem ntau. Ntawm 450 tej hauj lwm (qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv), feem ntau tseem nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau, uas tau yooj yim tau ploj mus dhau lub xyoo dhau los dashing thiab ib nrab. Ntau yam ntawm nws tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm, tab sis rau ib co yog vim li cas undeservedly tsis nco qab lawm. Thiab cov suab paj nruag no zoo heev thiab yuav ua tau zoo rau nws tus kheej thiab tus kws sau nkauj tom qab lub koob meej, tau dhau los ua tib yam hits, piv txwv li, "The Nightingale" rau nqe ntawm Delvig.

Rau tsib caug xyoo tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, nws txoj haujlwm thiab nws phau ntawv keeb kwm tsis raug rau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas loj. Tab sis ob qho tib si yog ntau yam! Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam zoo thiab xws li nuances yuav tsis rov qab los ntawm hmoov av ntawm lub sij hawm! Kom txog rau thaum 1825, lub npe ntawm Alyabyev xyaum tsis tawm ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, tab sis tom qab ntawd - tsuas yog tsis tshua muaj, kev tshuaj xyuas ib leeg ntawm kev sib hlub. Nws biography yog distorted, sau nrog erroneous los yog tsis tiav cov ntaub ntawv, yog li cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav luag poob lawv lub npe zoo thiab ua hauj lwm zoo ntawm tus composer thiab suab paj nruas daim duab.

Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Txoj Cai

Txawm tias tsis muaj kev dag ntxias tsis tau ua txhaum tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus tsim tiag. Tom qab tag nrho, tib lub siab xav tau kev ywj pheej, kev xav ntawm kev kho siab, kev khuv leej thiab kev txom nyem, xav tau kev ncaj ncees, uas yog, tib lub voj voog ntawm cov duab ntawm txhua tus muaj tswv yim, peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam nyob rau lub sijhawm kawg ntawm nws lub sijhawm.

AlexanderAlyabiev, tus kws sau nkauj zoo li nws tsis muaj hmoo, tau txais qee qhov kev nplij siab los ntawm kev sib ntsib nrog tus poj niam uas nws tau hlub ua ntej, tus uas ris lub npe nrov ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov hauv nws lub neej hluas nkauj. Tom qab ntawd ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws romances ntawm Alyabyevskaya Pushkiniana tau sau - "Kuv hlub koj." Tus poj ntsuam no, E. Ofrosimova, thaum nws los ua poj ntsuam, los ua tus composer tus poj niam.

Nikolai Ogaryov thiab Bestuzhev-Marlinsky

Tus sau Alyabyev thiab kws sau paj huam Ogaryov tau nyob ze heev nyob rau hauv plaub caug xyoo ua ntej kawg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws romances Alyabyev - "Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj", "Lub Tsev", "Lub Zos Saib Xyuas" - tau tsim nyob rau hauv Ogaryov cov paj huam. Ntev ua ntej kev tshawb nrhiav Mussorgsky thiab Dargomyzhsky tshwm sim, kev sib hlub ntawm kev sib hlub tau txhawb nqa lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsis sib xws. Tus kws sau paj lug thiab tus kws sau paj huam muaj ntau yam sib xws: raug ntes thiab raug ntiab tawm, yam tsawg kawg. Txawm hais tias Alyabyev tau nyiaj dhau los ntawm qhov tsis ncaj ncees thiab zoo li yog los ntawm kev sib tsoo, Ogaryov yog ib tus neeg muaj tswv yim tshiab thiab tus tsim cai lij choj, uas nws raug foob los ntawm txoj cai lij choj. Ogaryov thiab Herzen, Kolokol, England - txhua tus paub thiab nco txog qhov no.

Alyabyev peb zaj yeeb yaj kiab kawg kuj tseem nrov nrog cov cwj pwm ntxeev siab, cov no yog Shakespeare's "Lub Tempest" thiab "Edwin Oscar" raws li cov ntawv ntawm Celtic cov lus dab neeg thaum ub. Tab sis lub opera "Ammalat-bek" raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Alexander Bestuzhev-Marlinsky thiab romance raws li nws tus kheej cov paj huam "Huab tau sau nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus" yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb lo lus. Nws raug tua nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus xyoo 1837, thiab qhov kev poob no yuav luag dhau Alyabyev: nws yog tus thib peb uas nws hlub raug tua.paj huam. Thiab tag nrho - Alexandra: Pushkin, Griboedov, Bestuzhev-Marlinsky. Tus dab ntxeev siab Decembrist yeej tsis tuag nyob rau hauv lub composer tej hauj lwm.

Rov nco nco

pib qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm yav dhau los tsis paub ua haujlwm los ntawm Alexander Alyabyev tsuas yog nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1947. Tom qab ntawd ib qho kev hais kwv txhiaj tau teeb tsa ntawm Moscow Philharmonic, qhov twg, tom qab ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo ntawm kev ua tiav, "Variations for Violin and Orchestra", "Peb String Quartet" thiab ob lub orchestral overtures tau ua. Kev vam meej tau zoo heev! Cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag zoo li Gilels, Oistrakh, thiab pab pawg - Sveshnikov Choir, Beethoven State Quartet - tau txhawb nqa cov neeg sau ntawv ua haujlwm.

Txij li xyoo 1949, Alyabyev cov haujlwm tsis tau luam tawm tau luam tawm, nrog rau cov pob dawb ntawm nws phau ntawv keeb kwm raug nthuav tawm. Muaj kev nkag siab txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas nws tau ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm lub suab paj nruag kos duab ntawm Russia. Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog tias nws tsis paub txog tej hauj lwm tseem muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam archives. Txij li thaum nws txoj kev taug kev mus ntev ntev thiab lawv thaj chaw dav dav, kev tshawb pom ntau dua ntawm cov phiaj xwm zoo sib xws yuav tshwm sim.