Nyob ntawm cov lus sib dhos hauv kev txheeb xyuas

Cov txheej txheem:

Nyob ntawm cov lus sib dhos hauv kev txheeb xyuas
Nyob ntawm cov lus sib dhos hauv kev txheeb xyuas

Video: Nyob ntawm cov lus sib dhos hauv kev txheeb xyuas

Video: Nyob ntawm cov lus sib dhos hauv kev txheeb xyuas
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Anonim

Yuav tsum ua kom sib txawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib dhos thiab cov lus sib dhos. Yog hais tias thawj zaug yog lub consonance ntawm qhov xaus ntawm ob lo lus, ces qhov thib ob yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm alternation ntawm rhymes nyob rau hauv nqe. Raws li, cov lus sib dhos yog lub tswvyim dav dua li cov lus sib dhos.

Nyob ntawm cov lus sib dhos

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib dhos hauv kev txheeb xyuas yog nyob ntawm ntau hom kev sib dhos. Yog li, raws li qhov zoo thiab qhov ntau ntawm coincidences ntawm syllables, rhymes feem ntau muab faib ua pes tsawg thiab inexact. Raws li qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ntxhov siab - txiv neej (kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub suab lus kawg), poj niam (kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub suab lus kawg), dactylic thiab hyperdactylic (kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub suab thib 3 thiab 4 ntawm qhov kawg). Yog hais tias cov kab, ntxiv rau lub suab, coincide nyob rau hauv lub pre-stressed (siv) consonant suab, ces xws li ib tug rhyme yog txhais tias nplua nuj. Yog tsis muaj li no ces hu ua pluag.

Type of rhyme

Muaj peb hom lus sib dhos hauv kev txheeb xyuas:

  • adjacent (steam room),
  • hla (alternating),
  • circular (ncig, enveloping).

Kuj, pub dawb yog ib hom cais.

Adjacent (paired) hom implies alternate consonance ntawm nyob ib sab kab - thawj kab rhymes nrog thib ob, thib peb, feem, nrog rau plaub, tsiblos ntawm tus thib rau, thiab lwm yam. Txhua hom lus sib dhos hauv ib zaj paj huam tuaj yeem raug xaiv raws li daim duab. Yog li, hom kab mob uas nyob ib sab tau raug xaiv ua "aabb". Piv txwv:

Tsuas kua muag tam sim no tsis muaj (a) -

Lub teeb ua txawv.

Thiab accordion hu nkauj (b), Txoj kev ywj pheej (b) ploj mus."

(S. A. Yesenin).

hom lus sib dhos
hom lus sib dhos

Ib rooj plaub tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov lus sib dhos raws li lub tswv yim "aaaa".

Cross (alternate) rhyming yog tsim los ntawm alternating rhyming kab - thawj rhymes nrog peb, thib ob nrog lub plaub, lub tsib nrog rau xya, thiab lwm yam.

Kuv nco txog lub sijhawm zoo:

Koj tshwm sim rau kuv (b), Zoo li lub zeem muag sai sai, Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg zoo nkauj ntshiab (b)"

(A. S. Pushkin).

Lub voj voog (girdle, suav nrog) hom lus sib dhos yog tsim raws li "abba" tswvyim. Raws li, thawj thiab plaub kab sib dhos, nrog rau qhov thib ob thiab thib peb. Hom kev txheeb xyuas no tsawg dua li ob qho dhau los:

Peb tsis qaug cawv, peb zoo li qaug zog (a)

Thiab zaum peb yog kws sau paj huam (b).

Thaum twg, nplawm tus tub coj txawv txawv (b), Peb tham nrog lub sijhawm ntawm "Koj" (a).

(I. A. Brodsky).

hom rhyme nyob rau hauv ib zaj paj huam
hom rhyme nyob rau hauv ib zaj paj huam

Nyob zoo ib tsoom kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws thaum tsis muaj tus qauv nyob rau hauv alternation of rhymes:

"Ne tub tub (a) tau nyiag ncig lub laj kab, Sunburned grapes (a), Sparrows pecked txhuam (b), Tes tsho tsis muaj scarecrows nodding (hauv), Tab sis, cuam tshuam lub rustle ntawm pawg (b), Qee yam suab nrov ntawm kev ntsuas thiab tsim txom" (c).

(B. L. Pasternak).

zoo rhyme abab
zoo rhyme abab

Raws li, hauv qhov piv txwv no, hom lus sib dhos tau ua ke: kab thawj thiab thib ob yog ib hom uas nyob ib sab, ntawm peb mus rau thib rau - tus ntoo khaub lig.

Rhyming and solid stanza

Ib nqe lus tag nrho txhais tau yam tsawg kawg ib khub rau txhua lo lus. Qhov no ua kom lub cev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tag nrho cov kab lus no - nws tsis tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kab me me uas muaj lawv tus kheej cov lus sib dhos.

Nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus sib dhos uas ua rau ib nqe lus, monostich, distich, tercet, quatrain, pentet, thiab lwm yam. cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov txawv. thaum nws muaj cov lus sib dhos). Lub distich yog tsim raws li "aa" tswvyim, muaj, raws li, ib tug rhyme rau tag nrho stanza. Tercet kuj muaj ib lo lus sib dhos - lub tswv yim "aaa". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tercet tsis tuaj yeem muab faib, txij li nrog ib qho kev faib peb tau txais tsawg kawg yog ib qho monostych, uas tsis yog ib qho stanza.

Katren suav nrog cov lus sib dhos xws li ncig ("abba") thiab hla ("abab"). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug nyob ib sab rhyme ("aabb"), nqe vaj lug kub muab faib ua ob tug ywj siab distichs, txhua tus yuav yog ib tug stanza. Lub pentet, nyob rau hauv lem, combines rau rhymes ntawm ib stanza.

Nkauj nqeeb thiab dawb

Ib tug yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm kev hais lus dawb thiab dawbdaim ntawv ntawm nqe, vim lawv tsis yog tib yam. Dawb hom ntawm rhyme nyob rau hauv ib zaj paj huam yog tsim los ntawm lub thiaj li hu. dawb nqe - ib daim ntawv ntawm versification nrog hloov hom lus sib dhos. Ntawd yog, cov kab rhyme nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim sib txawv. Free verse (aka dawb), hauv paus ntsiab lus, tsis siv lus sib dhos:

Mloog (a)!

Tom qab tag nrho, yog lub hnub qub ci ntsa iab (b) -

puas muaj leej twg xav tau (ntawm)?

Yog li ib tug xav kom lawv ua (d)?"

(V. V. Mayakovsky).

rhyme hom rhyme txoj kev rhyming
rhyme hom rhyme txoj kev rhyming

Tib lub sijhawm, nqe lus dawb tsis tuaj yeem sib npaug nrog cov lus hais raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: vim tsis muaj lus sib dhos, qhov no txawv li cas, piv txwv li, cov ntawv xov xwm tshaj tawm? Ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqe lus dawb thiab cov lus hais yog qhov nyiam hais, uas txawv ib nqe lus los ntawm ib qho kev hais lus. Cov qauv no yog tsim los ntawm cov kev xav tshwj xeeb, kev xav tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntawv sau paj huam, uas tsis lees txais kev nyeem ntawv monotonous. Qhov thib ob tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm cov nqe lus pub dawb yog nws lub suab sib dhos, uas yog tsim los ntawm qee qhov kev sib dhos ntawm cov suab lus thiab kev ntxhov siab.

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