Georgy Vernadsky - Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm los ntawm Asmeskas

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias thiab Asmeskas tus kws tshawb fawb Georgy Vladimirovich Vernadsky tau tso lub cim pom hauv keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb. Nws tej hauj lwm yuam kom saib tshiab ntawm qee lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Nws tau ua ib qho txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau kev kawm txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev.

Hauv St. Petersburg, hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb zoo Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky, thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, 1887, yug tau ib tug tub. Cov kws kho mob ntshai heev rau lub neej ntawm leej niam thiab tus menyuam - kev yug me nyuam nyuaj. Tab sis txhua yam ua tiav, tus tub yug los muaj zog thiab noj qab haus huv. George, nws tau raug hu ua nws yawg, ib tug senator, loj hlob raws li ib tug me nyuam txawj ntse thiab inquisitive. Nws tau loj hlob hauv tsev, nws kawm tau zoo ntawm lub gymnasium, ua tib zoo saib xyuas keeb kwm.

Nws nyiam kev kawm tau qhia los ntawm Barskov Yakov Lazarevich, tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo Klyuchevsky. Tus kws qhia ntawv nrhiav los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis yog tsuas yog kev paub zoo ntawm cov ncauj lus, tab sis kuj qhia lawv kom xav tsis thoob, kom nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem keeb kwm. Vladimir Ivanovich, pom nws tus tub txoj kev hlub rau keeb kwm, txhawb thiab pab txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug penchant rau qhov no.ceg ntawm kev paub. Lawm, tom qab kawm tiav high school, Georgy Vernadsky tsis muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog kev xaiv txoj haujlwm.

Qhia Keeb Kwm

Xyoo 1905 nws nkag mus rau Kws Qhia Ntawv Keeb Kwm thiab Philology ntawm Moscow University. Nws tsis yog ib lub xyoo zoo heev rau kev kawm, Moscow tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, cov chav kawm tsis tshua muaj tsis xwm yeem, vim hais tias lawv tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj kev khuv leej rau cov tswv yim hloov pauv. Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm nws txiv, Georgy Vernadsky tawm mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov chaw nws txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm ntawm Freiburg thiab Berlin universities.

Tom qab swb ntawm lub kiv puag ncig thiab normalization ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv lub tebchaws, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1906, nws rov qab los rau Moscow, qhov chaw nws rov pib kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Nws cov kws qhia ntawv yog cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb V. O. Klyuchevsky, A. A. Kizevetter, Yu. V. Gauthier, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev kawm keeb kwm Moscow. Georgy Vernadsky ua tib zoo kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Petersburgers S. F. Platonov. Zoo li feem ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse liberal, nws nkag siab txog qhov xav tau kev hloov kho, tab sis tau tawm tsam lub kiv puag ncig. Georgy tau koom nrog Cadets thiab muab cov lus qhuab qhia rau cov neeg ua haujlwm txog keeb kwm Lavxias hauv Dorogomilovo. Nws tau nce mus rau txoj haujlwm kev kawm. Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv xyoo 1910, nws txiav txim siab mus tshawb fawb keeb kwm.

thawj kauj ruam

Nws tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv Moscow University, yog li nws txiav txim siab pib nws txoj kev tshawb fawb. Thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Georgy Vernadsky ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Russia yogkev tshawb fawb ntawm Lavxias teb sab chaw nyob rau hauv Siberia. Nws luam tawm peb tsab xov xwm, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws qhov kev tshaj tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws nyiam cov kws qhia ntawv tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab Vladimir Ivanovich kuj tawm mus rau St. Petersburg.

Nws tsiv mus rau lub peev, qhov twg S. F. Platonov pom zoo los ua nws tus thawj saib xyuas. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ua rau nws tsim nyog los hloov lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev tshaj tawm. Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm nws tus kws qhia ntawv keeb kwm hauv tsev kawm theem siab, uas nws tau ntsib hauv St. Petersburg, Georgy Vernadsky txiav txim siab los kawm keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Freemasonry nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Nyob rau hauv 1914, tom qab kev ntsuam xyuas, nws tau txais mus rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm Privatdozen nyob rau hauv Moscow University thiab tau txais kev tso cai los qhia Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Los ntawm 1917, qhov kev tshaj tawm tau npaj, nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis nws txoj kev kawm "Lavxias teb sab Freemasonry hauv kev kav ntawm Catherine II" tau luam tawm.

Nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm nws tus thawj saib xyuas, Georgy Vladimirovich Vernadsky tau txais ib tus xibfwb hauv Omsk. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm txoj kev mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm, nws tau daig hauv Perm, vim muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Nws nyiam lub nroog, thiab nws pom zoo rau qhov kev qhia los qhia hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv zos. Tau mus rau ob peb hnub los tiv thaiv nws cov lus tshaj tawm hauv St. Petersburg, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 25 nws rov qab mus rau Perm, qhov chaw nws kawm txog Bolshevik kev tawm tsam.

Soviet lub zog hauv nroog tau tsim nyob rau lub Ib Hlis 1918. Cov phooj ywg ceeb toom txog kev raug ntes thiab Vernadsky tsiv mus rau Ukraine. Nrog kev pab los ntawm Vladimir Ivanovich, nws tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug xib fwb ntawm lub Tauride University thiab tsiv mus rau Simferopol. Ntxiv nrog rau kev qhia, Georgy Vernadsky tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua ub no ntawm Grigory Potemkin, luam tawm cov ntawv hais txog lub sijhawm no ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1920, nws tau koom nrog tsoomfwv Wrangel, ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam tsev xov xwm.

thawj xyoo ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws

Thaum kawg lub Kaum Hli 1920, Georgy Vernadsky, nrog rau cov tub rog Lavxias, tau khiav tawm mus rau Constantinople. Tom qab ntawd nws tsiv mus rau Athens, qhov chaw nws tau ua haujlwm ntau nrog Greek cov ntaub ntawv, xyoo 1922 nws tau txais ib tus xibfwb ntawm Charles University hauv Prague. Ntawm no nws tau paub txog Eurasian lub tswv yim ntawm P. N. Savitsky thiab lwm tus neeg Lavxias teb sab uas tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm Slavic, steppe thiab Byzantine kab lis kev cai.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev xav no yog xav txog hauv Georgy Vernadsky phau ntawv "The Inscription of Russian History", luam tawm xyoo 1927 hauv Lavxias hauv Prague. Russia tau lees paub los ntawm nws ua Eurasian lub teb chaws nrog nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm ntiaj teb. Yav dhau los tau pom tias yog kev tawm tsam thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm "steppe" (tsum Slavs) thiab "ntoo" (nomads). Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub Mongol quab yuam, "steppe" yeej, ces "ntoo" yeej nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub Moscow thawj tswj hwm, thiab txhua yam xaus nrog lawv kev koom ua ke.

Tom qab xyoo

Xyoo 1927 nws tsiv mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, qhov chaw nws qhia keeb kwm Lavxias hauv Yale University. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Grigory Vladimirovich Vernadsky phau ntawv "History ntawm Russia" tau luam tawm, sau los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Phau ntawv no tau muab txhais thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauvArgentina thiab Nyiv. Xyoo 1933, phau ntawv "Lenin. Red Dictator, commissioned los ntawm Hoover Institution.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb yog kev txhim kho lub tswv yim ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntuj thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm keeb kwm Lavxias. Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm Georgy Vladimirovich Vernadsky "Keeb kwm ntawm Russia" nyob rau hauv tsib lub ntim tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1943 mus 1968. Nws ua haujlwm hauv Yale University txog thaum nws so haujlwm xyoo 1956.