Fundamentals of painting: xim science, composition, foundations

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Ib daim duab zoo uas zoo siab rau pawg neeg yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem tsim yam tsis paub txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev pleev xim. Tau kawg, kev kos duab niaj hnub ua pov thawj lwm yam: cov haujlwm ua los ntawm tus ntxhw raug muag rau ntau pua txhiab nyiaj, lossis ob lub txhuam txhuam uas zoo li lub hnub qub rau qee qhov. Tab sis puas yog daim duab no nyob mus ib txhis? Tej zaum tsis yog. Tab sis "Mona Lisa" los yog "Madonna thiab Me Nyuam" - cov duab no tau tsim ib lub sijhawm ntev dhau los, tab sis tseem zoo siab rau cov neeg saib. Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tau ua kom paub cov hauv paus ntawm painting?

pib qhov twg

Ua ntej koj zaum los tsim ib qho txuj ci, koj yuav tsum kawm qee qhov kev xav. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom ntes koj muse los yog xav ua ntej dab tsi yuav tshwm sim rau ntawm daim ntaub. Tab sis ua ntej tshaj plaws, txhua tus kws kos duab yuav tsum saib xyuas nws qhov chaw ua haujlwm.

Tau kawg, hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas koj tuaj yeem tsim- pib nrog ib daim ntawv tsis tu ncua thiab xaus nrog cov ntsiav tshuaj duab. Thiab txhua tus neeg yuav tsum xaiv rau nws tus kheej 1-2 txoj hauv kev los tsim cov duab uas nws nyiam tshaj plaws. Yog tias qhov no yog qhov easel, ces yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw txaus hauv chav rau daim ntaub nws tus kheej thiab nws qhov txuas.

Tswv yim: Tsis txhob kos rau ntawm kab rov tav. Vertical yuav noj qab nyob zoo, thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm tsawg kawg 30-40 degrees yuav pab pleev xim zoo dua.

khoom siv tes ua

Ntxiv rau qhov chaw txaus thiab lub easel, tus neeg yuav xav tau ntau yam xim, xaum, pastels, txhuam thiab dej. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, txhua yam uas yuav pab tau los tsim ib daim duab. Tag nrho cov no yuav tsum nyob ntawm tes, tab sis tsis yog ze kom koj tuaj yeem kov koj lub luj tshib tau yooj yim.

Thaum pib ntawm kev tsim cov duab, koj tuaj yeem khaws cov cwj mem sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv nyob ze. Txawm hais tias koj tswj los tsim cov duab kos hauv ib hnub, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev taug kev me ntsis rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cuab yeej rau kev pleev xim. Qhov no yuav tshem koj lub taub hau thiab tej zaum ib tug neeg yuav saib lawv txoj haujlwm los ntawm lwm lub kaum sab xis, uas yuav ua rau koj pom qee qhov tsis txaus txawm tias ua ntej siv cov xim.

Teeb pom kev hauv chav ua haujlwm

Kawm txog cov hauv paus ntawm kev pleev xim, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab tias qee zaum cov xim ntawm ob peb qhov ntxoov ntxoo tuaj yeem txawv ntawm qhov zoo tagnrho thiab saib tsis zoo kiag li. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntawm daim duab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntuj. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias nws nyob hauv lub hnub. Tab sis yog tias tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los tsim thaum nruab hnub, koj tuaj yeem ua taumuab lub teeb muaj zog uas coj lub hnub ci.

Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv no tsis tshua muaj xim txawv, lawv cov kev saib xyuas zoo heev, kim heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav siv nyiaj ntau dua los ua haujlwm nruab hnub nyob ze ntawm qhov rais. Nov yog ib qho ntawm thawj zaj lus qhia hauv cov hauv paus ntawm kev kos duab.

Kev xyaum thiab kev xav

Ntxiv rau qhov tau txais kev paub, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho cov tswv yim zoo ntawm tus kheej. Kawm cov hauv paus ntawm painting tsis tau lees tias yav tom ntej creation ntawm masterpieces. Feem ntau hauv txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim no muaj teeb meem rau tus kws kos duab vim nws tsuas tsis paub kos dab tsi.

Ib txoj hauv kev los txhim kho kev xav yog mus koom cov chav kawm qhia los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem sau npe rau cov npe nrov tshaj plaws roj painting master class, uas tshwm sim hauv Moscow. Tseem muaj tej thaj chaw deb webinars. Tab sis nws tseem zoo dua tuaj koom cov xwm txheej nyob, qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj sib txuas lus nrog lwm tus kws kos duab.

Thiab nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias ntau qhov kev xyaum ua kom zoo dua qub. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg tsis paub yuav ua li cas kos, koj muaj peev xwm kos txhua yam uas catches koj lub qhov muag. Los yog txawm sim ua kom rov tsim dua ntiaj teb masterpieces. Raws li kev qab los noj mov thaum noj hmo, yog li muse rau tus kws kos duab tshwm thaum lub sijhawm muaj tswv yim.

Tip: tsis yog txhua tus xav rov sau dua lwm tus neeg cov duab, qhov no, koj tuaj yeem sim rov tsim dua tib zaj dab neeg, tab sis nyob rau lwm hom ntawv.

Theoretical foundations of painting

Txawm hais tias kev xyaum yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev xav ib tus neeg tuaj yeem ua tausiv sij hawm ntau xyoo los ua kom tiav. Tab sis vim li cas thiaj li ua kev txi zoo li no, yog tias nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no muaj ntau qhov chaw pub dawb nrog cov hauv paus ntawm kev pleev xim thiab kos duab. Pib nrog, nws tsim nyog kawm cov ntsiab lus nraaj.

Cov kab ncaj, voj voog, du ovals ntawm lub ntsej muag - tag nrho cov no tus kws kos duab yuav tsum muaj peev xwm kos tsis tau txhais tau tias improvised. Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem siv lub compass los piav txog lub phaj, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsis muaj tus kheej thiab qhov tseeb. Tej zaum Malevich yuav tsis muaj npe nrov yog tias nws tsis tau kos nws cov squares nto moo los ntawm tes.

Nws siv sijhawm xyaum los kawm paub tsim cov duab geometric. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv easel txhua hnub thiab kos kab thiab voj voog. Yog tias tus kws kos duab tsis tuaj yeem coj nws tus kheej mus kawm, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus rau ib lub tsev kawm ntawv kos duab.

daim duab dub thiab dawb

Tom qab cov tub ntxhais kawm paub cov duab geometric, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov yooj yim dua. Yuav luag txhua tus kws kos duab yav tom ntej npaj tsim nws cov masterpieces tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw tiaj tus. Thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau kawm kom pom qhov kaj thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo.

Tau kawg, txawm tias menyuam yaus paub tias txhua yam khoom raug pom txawv, nyob ntawm seb nws nyob deb npaum li cas thiab qhov teeb pom kev zoo npaum li cas. Txhawm rau xa cov ntim ntawm cov ntaub pua tsev thaum lub sijhawm kos duab, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov txheej txheem xws li shading thiab grouting. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no kuj qhia nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv kos duab.

Tsis txhob siv sijhawm ntau dhau ntawm daim ntawv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog schematically depict cov khoom thiab ntesdaim duab dub thiab dawb ntawm daim duab tag nrho.

Dab tsi yog qhov sib xyaw hauv painting?

Qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm kev paub rau tus kws kos duab yuav tsum yog cov lus nug txog kev xav. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum kawm yuav ua li cas los tsim ib tug thiaj li hu ua zoo. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cwj mem sib txawv, kos cov voj voog sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab uas tsis ncaj ncees. Tag nrho cov qauv yuav tsum zoo li lub qhov dej, sab saum toj saib. Ntawd yog, lub voj voog loj tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws nyob rau saum toj, thiab qhov sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov qauv, lub zog tsis muaj zog thiab lub voj voog me me. Nrog rau qhov kev tawm dag zog yooj yim no, tus kws kos duab yuav kawm kos duab.

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb sib npaug hauv kev sib xyaw yog "Rule of Thirds". Conventionally, daim duab muab faib ua peb feem ntawm tib qhov loj vertically thiab horizontally. Thawj zaug ntawm kev tsim ib daim duab, xws li daim phiaj tuaj yeem kos nrog lub teeb siab. Cov ntsiab lus uas tau txais los ntawm kev sib tshuam yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov khoom.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj cai no yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw no uas ib tug neeg involuntarily saib ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov.

Creating a painting from nature

Ua ntej koj pib tsim ib qho kev ua haujlwm puv ntoob, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab ntawm hom duab. Rau koj thawj masterpieces, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, paj thiab lwm yam improvised txhais tau tias.

Tom qab tus kws kos duab tau txiav txim siab ntawm hom ntawv, koj tuaj yeem pib ua yeeb yam. Nws yog tam sim ntawd tsim nyog los npaj cov khoom muag kom zoo thiab zoo zoo, vim qhov no yuav ua rau kev ua haujlwm yooj yim heev. Ntawm no nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias nws yog ntshaw kom muab cov khoom coj mus rau hauv tus account lub teeb pom kev zoo uas twb muaj lawm. Txawm tiaskoj tuaj yeem siv cov peev txheej ntxiv, piv txwv li, los tsim cov mos mos lossis, sib txawv, sib txawv ntxoov ntxoo.

Tswv yim: kom zoo dua assimilation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nws yuav zoo mus rau qhib lectures, qhov chaw nto moo artists qhia meej meej yuav ua li cas npaj thiab kos los ntawm lub neej. Ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev mus ntsib yuav yog chav kawm master hauv roj pleev xim, uas tshwm sim txhua xyoo hauv Moscow. Los ntawm txoj kev, koj tuaj yeem mus saib hauv online.

Spatial color properties

Tom qab kos duab kos, koj tuaj yeem mus ncaj qha rau kev tsim daim duab nws tus kheej. Ua ntej pleev xim rau daim duab, nws tsim nyog ua tib zoo nthuav tawm qhov kawg tshwm sim thiab xaiv qhov tsim nyog ntau yam. Yav tom ntej, nws yuav yooj yim dua yog tias txhua qhov tsim nyog ntxoov ntxoo tau tsim ua ntej.

Txhua tus kws kos duab yuav tsum tuaj yeem sib xyaw xim, tab sis qhov kev txawj no tsuas yog tsim tom qab ob peb xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm tas li. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov yuam kev ntau tshaj plaws, xws li sib txuas cov kua qaub ntsuab nrog pearly xim av, koj tuaj yeem siv cov xim xim. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev sib koom tes zoo tshaj plaws, ob qhov sib txawv ntxoov ntxoo raug coj mus. Tab sis yog tias nws tsim nyog los ua ke peb lossis plaub xim, ces xaiv tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntxoov ntxoo, uas nyob ib sab ntawm ib leeg, ntawm tib lub strip.

Thaum sib xyaw xim hauv kev pleev xim yog ib lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej, nws tseem tsim nyog los mus xaiv cov ntxoov ntxoo nrog txhua lub luag haujlwm.

Yam kev pom

Txawm tias qhov tseeb tias txoj haujlwm ntawm cov khoom cuam tshuam rau nws cov qauv dub thiab dawb thiab loj,cov xim ntawm cov khoom kuj hloov. Txhua tus paub qhov txawv ntawm ob hom kev xav. Tom qab tsim cov duab kos, tus kws kos duab yuav nkag siab txog txoj hauv kev tsim duab xaiv.

Ncaj linear. Hom kev xav no yog tsim los kho kev pom ntawm ib qho chaw. Ib qho piv txwv yuav yog ib txoj kev raws txoj kev. Cov ntoo uas ze tshaj plaws rau tus kws kos duab yuav tshwm sim siab dua thiab muaj zog dua li cov uas nyob hauv qhov chaw deb. Kev xav ua haujlwm tib yam ntawm daim ntawv. Tab sis ntxiv rau qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los piav txog qhov tsis meej ntawm cov khoom. Ntawd yog, qhov deb ntawm tsob ntoo, qhov sib dua / tsaus dua nws yuav. Thiab tseem yuav tsum tau hloov qhov sib piv, muting cov khoom nyob deb.

Tonal foundations. Nyob rau hauv no version ntawm tsim ib daim duab, ib lub voj voog yog coj los ua lub hauv paus. Tau piav qhia txog lub ntsiab khoom, koj yuav tsum xav txog lub voj voog nyob ib puag ncig nws, tom qab qhov kev hloov pauv yuav tshwm sim. Qhov ntxiv deb cov ntsiab lus yog, qhov sib piv tsawg dua lawv yuav. Hom kev xav no zoo ib yam li lub qhov dej uas tau piav saum toj no.

xim science hauv painting

Tom qab tus kws kos duab nkag siab tag nrho cov hauv paus, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov kev kawm tob ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias txhua txoj kev xav tau kho los ntawm kev xyaum. Thiab qhov ntau tus neeg kos, nws yuav ncav cuag qhov zoo.

Xim science hauv kev pleev xim yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, lub voj voog uas tau tham saum toj no. Nws suav nrog cov duab ntxoov ntxoo, nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho zaj sawv raug kaw. Txhua lub log xim muaj grey hauv nruab nrab. Qhov no yog vim nws yog qhov ntxoov ntxoosuav tias yog nruab nrab hauv painting.

Muaj peb xim thawj - liab, daj thiab xiav, tau kawg. Lawv tsim nyog thiaj li tsim tau ib qho ntxoov ntxoo. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav, hauv kev xyaum nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los nrhiav qhov tsim nyog proportions ntawm txhua qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws. Tab sis tseem, peb cov xim tshiab, tsuas yog siv lub hauv paus, tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim - cov no yog txiv kab ntxwv, ntshav thiab ntsuab. Yog li ntawd, ib tug novice artist tsis tas yuav siv nyiaj ntau los yuav txhua yam ntxoov ntxoo.

xim txias thiab sov

Tsis tas li, txhawm rau ua tiav kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim thiab lawv siv hauv kev pleev xim, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no ua tau yooj yim heev. Yuav pib nrog, ib lub voj voog uas twb paub lawm yog coj mus rau qhov ci ntsa iab daj nyob rau saum. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus kws kos duab nyob rau sab xis yuav tsuas sov xim, thiab sab laug - txias sawv daws yuav. Ntxiv mus, txhua qhov ntxoov ntxoo los ntawm cov spectra no tau ua ke zoo nrog ib leeg.

Xaiv qhov sib haum xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm ob qhov ntxoov ntxoo, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev sim me ntsis. Thaum xaiv cov xim sib txawv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim lawv kom raug raws li qhov tseeb. Tom qab ntawd, ib qho me me ntawm cov xim ntawm txhua qhov ntxoov ntxoo yog sib xyaw nrog ib leeg. Yog tias cov xim hloov mus ua grey, ces tus kws kos duab khaws cov palette zoo kawg nkaus.

Tau kawg, hauv kev xyaum nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no, tab sis yog tias qhov tshwm sim yog qhov kwv yees qhov ntxoov ntxoo, ces qhov no tuaj yeem suav tias ua tiav.

Txhawm rau kos tus tswv, feem ntau yuav, koj yuav tsum siv sijhawm ntau xyoo. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis tau txhais hais tias koj yuav tsum tso tseg thiab tso tseg. Tej zaum,cov duab uas yuav pleev xim rau thaum lub sij hawm cov kev tshawb fawb yuav zoo siab rau cov pej xeem. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tsom ntsoov rau koj lub siab, thiab tsis txhob xav ntawm cov neeg coob coob.