Tropinin, duab ntawm Pushkin. V. A. Tropinin, portrait ntawm Pushkin: piav qhia ntawm daim duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Txoj hmoo ntawm txhua daim duab uas ua rau peb lub qhov muag hauv cov duab kos duab thiab cov tsev khaws puav pheej yog ib txwm nthuav. Ntawm kev xav paub tshwj xeeb, tau kawg, yog portraits. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv depict cov neeg uas ib zaug nyob los yog tam sim no nyob nrog lawv tus kheej cwj pwm, lawv tus kheej txoj hmoo, uas tus ntsuj plig raug ntes thiab immortalized ntawm canvas los ntawm tus kws kos duab. Txawm yog ib tug neeg tsis paub peb los yog neeg nto moo, yeej ib txwm xav kom tob tob rau hauv txoj hmoo ntawm ob tus tswv uas tsim lub tswv yim thiab tus neeg piav qhia hauv daim duab.

Hnub no daim duab ntawm A. S. Pushkin yuav nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm peb qhov kev mloog. Tropinin Vasily Andreevich tau los ua ib tug ntawm ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam uas tau ntes tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias zoo rau ntawm daim ntaub. Txoj hmoo thiab txoj kev muaj tswv yim zoo li cas ntawm tus kws kos duab tau txhim kho ua ntej tus neeg paub no? Raws li qhov xwm txheej dab tsi tau pleev xim rau portrait thiab nws nyob qhov twg tam sim no? Cia peb kawm paub.

Ob peb lo lus hais txog tus kws kos duab

Qhov chaw yug ntawm Vasily Tropinin, uas raug suav hais tias yog ib tus kws kos duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm hauv tebchaws Russia, yog lub zos ntawm Karpovo, xeev Novgorod. Paradoxically, tab sis Tropinin txiv yog ib tug serf ntawm suav Minich, thiab thaum nws tus ntxhais - Natalya AntonovnaMinich - dhau los ua tus poj niam ntawm suav Carrot, cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam tau pauv mus ua khoom plig rau tus tswv tshiab.

Thaum suav Morkov xa Tropinin mus rau St. Petersburg mus kawm confectionery, nws nyiag mus kawm lectures ntawm Academy of Arts. Nws lub peev xwm los ntawm kev kos duab ua rau muaj qhov tseeb tias Tropinin tau tso cai ua haujlwm pub dawb hauv Academy. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yeej tsis tau txais kev kawm thiab yuav tsum mus nrog nws tus tswv rau Ukraine.

Maj mam, nws nce ntxiv nyiam cov pej xeem nrog nws cov txuj ci tiag tiag. Thaum kawg, xyoo 1823, nws tau dawb, tau txais lub npe ntawm kev kawm thiab pib nws lub neej nyob rau hauv Moscow, tsis deb ntawm Bolshoy Kamenny Choj. Nws nyob ntawd Tropinin tau pleev xim rau Pushkin, uas tom qab ntawd los ua ib qho ntawm cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau paj huam.

Ntuj tsim txiaj

Tropinin cov haujlwm thaum ntxov yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov duab, maj mam, tab sis tib lub sijhawm muaj xim ntau yam, uas nws siv thaum kos duab kos duab-portraits ntawm nws tus tswv - Carrot tsev neeg.

Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm 1820-1830. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab puab pom tseeb ntawm qhov ntim, lub zog thiab saib xyuas tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus qauv, tag nrho lub suab ntawm cov xim uas Tropinin pib siv. Cov duab ntawm Pushkin, hais txog lub sijhawm no, tsuas yog ua kom pom tag nrho cov saum toj no.

In the paintings of the 1830s-1840s. muaj kev nce hauv ib hom ntawv nta, ib qho teeb meem ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tropinin them nyiaj zoo rau ntau yam ntsiab lus, uas ua rau kev tsim cov duab ntse, cov duab ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Ua haujlwmntawm lub sijhawm ntawd kuj yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev nyiam romantic, feem ntau tsis yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws txoj haujlwm.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws ua yeeb yam yog los qhia qhov kev coj ua ntawm cov cim uas tau piav qhia los ntawm nws, nthuav tawm qhov kev nyiam sab hauv thiab tsis qhia lawv qhov pom tseeb ntawm ib chav kawm. Kev kos duab tshwj xeeb rau tib neeg, nws sim qhia txhua yam uas raug rau cov neeg ntawm lub voj voog no. Nov yog daim duab "Lacemaker", permeated nrog lub siab dawb paug thiab warmth ntawm kev xav rau ib tug yooj yim ntawm cov neeg.

Cov kev npaj kos duab, uas tus kws kos duab Tropinin ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem, kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj. Nws cov duab kos tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho Lavxias teb sab kos duab kev ywj pheej ntawm xyoo pua 19th thiab tsim cov kev coj noj coj ua hauv Moscow.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov duab

Nws paub tias Pushkin nws tus kheej tsis nyiam ua yeeb yaj kiab. Nws yog vim li no tias muaj ob peb cov duab ntawm tus kws sau paj huam sau los ntawm xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab nws rov qab los ntawm Mikhailovsky raug ntiab tawm, thaum kawg ntawm Decembrist rooj plaub, ob qho tib si portraits tau pleev xim rau xyoo 1827, uas tom qab ntawd los ua classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting thiab cov duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Pushkin. Thawj yog pleev xim los ntawm O. A. Kiprensky, thiab V. A. Tropinin, uas nws portrait ntawm Pushkin tau lees paub tias yog cov duab tiag tiag, tsim qhov thib ob.

Tsis sib xws rau cov qauv nrov, portrait tau pleev xim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej, thiab tsis yog los ntawm nws tus phooj ywg Sergei Alexandrovich Sobolevsky, uas xav tau txais ib daim duab ntawm Pushkin hauv nws daim ntawv ib txwm ua ua ntej tawm mus, thiab tsis tag nrho. hnav. Qhov no tau pom tseeb los ntawm Sobolevsky tsab ntawv,luam tawm xyoo 1952, uas tau hais tias tus kws sau paj huam zais ib daim duab thiab muab rau tus phooj ywg ua khoom plig.

Nws yooj yim rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev xaiv ntawm tus kws kos duab, txij li Vasily Andreevich twb paub tias yog tus kws kos duab zoo nkauj thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, thawj lub tswv yim yuav tsum tau muab tso tseg, uas contradicted lub niaj zaus, zoo-tsim system, uas Tropinin yog ib tug adherent. Qhov kawg version ntawm Pushkin's portrait depicted tsis yog intimate yooj yim thiab naturalness ntawm tus neeg posing, raws li Sobolevsky xav, tab sis cov poetic teeb meem uas inspiration yog li ntawd feem ntau txuam nrog romantic kos duab. Qhov sib sib zog nqus qhov tseem ceeb thiab muaj tswv yim siv ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tau nthuav tawm zoo kawg nkaus.

Tropinin sim qhia tag nrho qhov no rau cov neeg saib los ntawm kev tsim cov duab ntawm Pushkin. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm daim duab ib zaug ua pov thawj tias nws ua tiav. Tus kws sau paj lug zaum, nws tus cwj pwm yog ntuj thiab tsis muaj kev txwv. Sab tes xis nrog ob lub nplhaib ntawm tus ntiv tes nyob ntawm lub rooj, ntawm ib sab ntawm phau ntawv qhib. Nws hnav khaub ncaws dav dav nrog lub dab tshos xiav thiab ib txoj phuam ntev xiav nyob ib ncig ntawm nws caj dab. Cov keeb kwm yav dhau thiab cov khaub ncaws sib koom ua ke los ntawm cov xim kub thiab xim av, vim tias lub ntsej muag thiab lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsho, uas yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, sawv tawm. Tropinin tsis tau tsom mus rau embellish Pushkin lub tsos, tab sis nws ntse recreated thiab ntes lub siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm tus kws sau paj lug.

Txoj hmoo ntawm daim canvas

Zaj neej neeg ntawm zaj duab xis kuj nthuav. Sobolevsky coj ib daim ntawv me me ntawm cov duab los ntawm Avdotya Petrovna Elagina,coj nws nrog koj. Thiab txawm hais tias nws tau ua tiav kev tshaj lij, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm portrait tau ploj mus. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb sau, nws tsis tau qhia lub zog sab hauv thiab lub zog uas tus thawj nqa.

Tawm ntawm Russia, Sobolevsky tau tso cov duab rau khaws cia los ntawm tib Avdotya Elagina. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum nws rov qab los ntawm txawv teb chaws tsib xyoos tom qab, nws pom tias tus thawj tau raug hloov nrog daim ntawv tsis zoo.

Tus thawj portrait tshwm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-50s nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm lub khw hloov. Nyob rau hauv 1909, nws tau txais mus rau hauv lub collections ntawm lub Tretyakov Gallery, thiab tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, nyob rau hauv 1937, nws tsiv mus rau lub All-Union, tam sim no lub All-Lavxias teb sab Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm AS Pushkin nyob rau hauv St.

Tam sim no cov duab yog nyob rau hauv Pushkin Memorial Tsev khaws puav pheej-Apartment ntawm Moika Embankment, 12, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej complex.

thuam kev ua haujlwm

Cov neeg koom siab tau lees paub qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Tropinin's portrait nrog Pushkin tiag. Tab sis ib qho ntawm cov neeg thuam tau sau tseg tias tus kws kos duab tsis tuaj yeem qhia qhov pom ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Cov lus no tsis tuaj yeem ua ncaj ncees, txij li Pushkin lub siab thiab lub siab xav saib los ntawm cov duab qhia txog kev tshoov siab tiag tiag hauv lub sijhawm ntawm kev muaj tswv yim impulse.

Tsis zoo li Kiprensky txoj haujlwm, Tropinin's portrait yog qhov me me, tab sis tsis qis dua rau thawj zaug hauv pictorial power lossis expressiveness.

Portrait ntawm Tropinin thiab portrait ntawm Kiprensky

Ob daim duab no tau tsim nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo thiab nthuav tawm ob daim duab sib txawv ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Cov duab ntawm Kiprensky tau pleev xim rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1827 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Pushkin tus phooj ywg, A. A. Delvig. Pushkin yog kev tshoov siab los ntawm nws, nrog kev sib sib zog nqus, tab sis tsis nco qab saib, tsom ntsoov tob. Pushkin los ntawm Kiprensky yog sau nrog solemnity thiab tseem ceeb.

Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov Tropinin sau. Lub portrait ntawm Pushkin los ntawm nws, raws li peb twb tau hais lawm, depicts tus kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug neeg zoo tib yam nyob rau hauv lub tsev ib puag ncig thiab khaub ncaws. Daim duab no nyob ze thiab sov dua rau tus saib.

Ntau cov duab ntawm Pushkin

Ntxiv rau cov duab classic ntawm Tropinin thiab Kiprensky, muaj lwm cov duab ntawm Pushkin. Thawj qhov ntawm cov no yog qhov me me los ntawm tus kws kos duab tsis paub, uas piav qhia tus kws sau paj huam thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos.

Tom qab ntawd, ntau daim duab tau pleev xim thiab luam thiab cov npe tau ua los ntawm cov duab qub ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Pushkin nws tus kheej, paub zoo txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws lub ntsej muag, pleev xim rau nws tus kheej-portraits nyob rau hauv profile, thawj uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj rau luam tawm thawj sau paj huam.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyuaj rau kev sib cav nrog qhov tseeb tias ib qho duab ntawm Pushkin, uas nws daim duab peb pom hauv Is Taws Nem lossis hauv cov ntawv, tuaj yeem hloov qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev xav txog cov khoom qub uas tau nthuav tawm hauv cov duab kos duab. Tsuas yog nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem hnov cov xim tshwj xeeb thiab tus ntsuj plig emanating los ntawm daim ntaub, thiab nkag siab tag nrho cov artist lub hom phiaj.