Keeb Kwm Luv Luv ntawm Jazz

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Jazz yog hom suab paj nruag uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm African thiab European kab lis kev cai nrog kev koom tes ntawm African-American folklore. Rhythm thiab improvisation yog qiv los ntawm African suab paj nruag, kev sib haum xeeb los ntawm European suab paj nruag.

Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim

keeb kwm ntawm jazz pib xyoo 1910 hauv Asmeskas. Nws sai sai kis thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Thaum lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, qhov kev taw qhia hauv suab paj nruag tau hloov pauv ntau. Yog hais tias peb tham luv luv txog keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm jazz, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ob peb theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob tau dhau mus nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tsim. Hauv xyoo 1930 thiab 1940, nws tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua viav vias thiab be-bop txav. Tom qab xyoo 1950, jazz pib pom tias yog ib hom suab paj nruag uas suav nrog txhua tus qauv uas nws tau tsim los ua qhov tshwm sim.

Jazz tau tam sim no nws qhov chaw nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev kos duab siab. Nws suav hais tias muaj koob meej heev, cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai.

Keeb Kwm ntawm Jazz

Qhov kev taw qhia no tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Meskas raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau lub suab paj nruag. Keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm jazz pib nyob rau hauvNorth America, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Askiv thiab Fabkis Protestants. Cov tub txib txoj kev cai dab qhuas tau nrhiav kev los hloov cov dub rau lawv txoj kev ntseeg, saib xyuas txoj kev cawm seej ntawm lawv tus ntsuj plig.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm kab lis kev cai yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev nyuaj siab.

African suab paj nruag yog yam ntxwv los ntawm improvisation, polyrhythm, polymetry thiab linearity. Lub luag haujlwm loj ntawm no yog muab rau lub suab pib. Tus nqi ntawm suab paj nruag thiab kev sib haum xeeb tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias suab paj nruag ntawm Africans muaj nqis siv. Nws nrog rau kev ua haujlwm, rituals. Cov suab paj nruag African tsis muaj kev ywj pheej thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev txav, seev cev, rov hais dua. Nws intonation yog dawb heev, vim nws nyob ntawm lub siab lub ntsws ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam.

Los ntawm cov suab paj nruag nyob sab Europe, muaj kev xav ntau dua, jazz tau ntxiv nrog cov qauv loj-me, kev tsim suab paj nruag, kev sib haum xeeb.

txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas cov kab lis kev cai pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua kaum yim thiab coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm jazz nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua nees nkaum.

New Orleans lub sijhawm kawm

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm jazz, thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau suav tias muaj keeb kwm hauv New Orleans (Louisiana). Thawj zaug cov suab paj nruag no tau tshwm sim hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm txoj kev tooj dag, nrov heev thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm jazz hauv lub nroog chaw nres nkoj no yog Storyville - thaj chaw hauv nroog tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb rau cov chaw lom zem. Nws nyob ntawm no, ntawm Creole musicians, uas muaj Negro-Fabkis keeb kwm, uas jazz tau yug los. Lawv paub yooj yimclassical music, tau kawm, mastered European txheej txheem ntawm kev ua si, ua si European seev, nyeem ntawv. Lawv cov qib siab ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab lis kev cai nyob sab Europe tau txhawb cov jazz thaum ntxov nrog cov ntsiab lus uas tsis raug rau African influences.

Lub piano kuj yog ib qho cuab yeej siv hauv Storyville cov chaw tsim khoom. Feem ntau improvisation sounded ntawm no, thiab cov cuab yeej siv ntau dua li percussion.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm New Orleans style thaum ntxov yog Buddy Bolden Orchestra (cornet), uas muaj los ntawm 1895-1907. Lub suab paj nruag ntawm no orchestra tau ua raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov qauv polyphonic. Thaum xub thawj, cov suab paj nruag ntawm New Orleans jazz sau tau mus, raws li lub hauv paus chiv keeb los ntawm cov tub rog band. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov twj paj nruag theem nrab tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov tooj dag. Xws li cov koom txoos feem ntau muaj kev sib tw. Cov pab pawg "dawb" kuj tau koom nrog lawv, uas txawv ntawm lawv cov kev ua si, tab sis tsis tshua muaj siab.

Muaj ntau pawg hauv New Orleans uas ua si marches, blues, ragtimes, thiab lwm yam.

Nrog rau Negro orchestras, orchestras uas muaj suab paj nruag dawb kuj tshwm sim. Thaum xub thawj lawv ua yeeb yam tib yam, tab sis lawv hu ua "Dixielands". Tom qab ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv no tau siv ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm European thev naus laus zis, lawv hloov lub suab tsim tawm.

Steamboat bands

New Orleans orchestras ua lub luag haujlwm hauv keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm jazz,uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv steamboats uas sailing tus dej Mississippi. Rau cov neeg caij tsheb uas tau mus ncig ua si lom zem, ib qho kev lom zem txaus nyiam tshaj plaws yog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Lawv ua yeeb yam seev cev lom zem. Rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam, qhov yuav tsum tau ua yog kev paub txog kev paub suab paj nruag thiab muaj peev xwm nyeem ntawv los ntawm ib daim ntawv. Yog li ntawd, cov compositions muaj ib tug ncaj ncees theem siab. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug orchestra, jazz pianist Lil Hardin, uas tom qab los ua tus poj niam ntawm Louis Armstrong, pib nws txoj hauj lwm.

Ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb uas cov nkoj tau nres, lub orchestras tau npaj concerts rau cov pejxeem hauv zos.

Qee cov pawg tseem nyob hauv nroog raws tus dej Mississippi thiab Missouri los yog deb ntawm lawv. Ib lub nroog ntawd yog Chicago, qhov chaw uas cov neeg tawv dub tau xis nyob dua li hauv South America.

Big band

Thaum pib ntawm 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th hauv keeb kwm ntawm jazz suab paj nruag, ib daim ntawv ntawm pawg loj tau tsim, uas tseem cuam tshuam txog thaum kawg ntawm 40s. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm xws li orchestras ua si qhov chaw kawm. Lub orchestration assumed lub suab ci ntawm nplua nuj jazz kev sib raug zoo, uas tau ua los ntawm tooj dag thiab woodwind instruments. Cov suab paj nruag nrov tshaj plaws yog cov suab paj nruag ntawm Duke Ellington, Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Jimmy Lunsford. Lawv tau sau tiag hits ntawm viav vias suab paj nruag, uas dhau los ua qhov kev mob siab rau kev ua viav vias hauv ntau lub voj voog ntawm cov neeg mloog. Nyob rau ntawm "kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub orchestras" uas tau tuav lub sijhawm ntawd, cov pab pawg loj solo improvisersua rau cov neeg tuaj saib hysterics.

Tom qab 50s, thaum lub koob npe nrov ntawm pawg loj tau poob qis, tau ntau xyoo lawm cov suab paj nruag nto moo txuas ntxiv mus ncig thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv. Cov suab paj nruag uas lawv ntaus tau hloov pauv, raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov lus qhia tshiab. Niaj hnub no, pawg loj yog tus qauv ntawm kev kawm jazz.

Chicago Jazz

Xyoo 1917, Tebchaws Meskas nkag mus rau Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1. Hauv qhov no, New Orleans tau tshaj tawm tias yog lub nroog tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Nws kaw txhua qhov chaw lom zem uas muaj coob tus kws ntaus nkauj ua haujlwm. Sab laug poob hauj lwm, lawv tsiv mus nyob rau sab qaum teb, mus rau Chicago. Lub sijhawm no, muaj tag nrho cov kws ntaus nkauj zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm New Orleans thiab lwm lub nroog. Ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws yog Joe Oliver, uas tau los ua nto moo hauv New Orleans. Thaum lub sijhawm Chicago, nws pab pawg suav nrog cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag nrov: Louis Armstrong (thib ob cornet), Johnny Dodds (clarinet), nws tus tij laug "Babby" Dodds (drums), Chicago hluas thiab kawm pianist Lil Hardin. Lub suab paj nruag no ua si improvisational tag nrho-textured New Orleans Jazz.

Txheeb xyuas keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm jazz, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv Chicago lub sijhawm, lub suab ntawm orchestras hloov stylistically. Qee cov cuab yeej raug hloov. Kev ua yeeb yam uas ua kom ruaj khov tuaj yeem tso cai siv lub piano. Pianists tau dhau los ua cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg. Es tsis txhob cua ntses bass thaj tsam, ob chav ntses bass thaj tsam yog siv, es tsis txhob banjo, guitar, es tsis txhobcornet - trumpet. Kuj tseem muaj kev hloov pauv hauv pawg nruas. Tus neeg ntaus nruas tam sim no ua si ntawm cov khoom siv nruas, qhov twg nws qhov kev ua tau dav dua.

Tam sim no, lub saxophone pib siv rau hauv orchestras.

keeb kwm ntawm jazz hauv Chicago tau ntxiv nrog cov npe tshiab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam, kawm suab paj nruag, tuaj yeem nyeem los ntawm ib daim ntawv thiab npaj. Cov kws ntaus nkauj no (feem ntau yog dawb) tsis paub lub suab New Orleans tiag tiag ntawm jazz, tab sis tau kawm los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam dub uas tsiv mus rau Chicago. Cov tub ntxhais hluas suab paj nruag xyaum lawv, tab sis txij li qhov no tsis ua haujlwm ib txwm ua, ib qho tshiab tau tshwm sim.

Lub sijhawm no, kev txawj ntse ntawm Louis Armstrong tau mus txog qhov kawg, kos tus qauv ntawm Chicago jazz thiab ua kom muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus soloist ntawm cov chav kawm siab tshaj.

Kev nyuaj siab tau yug dua tshiab hauv Chicago, coj cov kws ua yeeb yam tshiab rau pem hauv ntej.

Jazz yog sib koom ua ke nrog rau theem, yog li cov neeg hu nkauj pib los ua ntej. Lawv tsim lawv tus kheej orchestral compositions rau jazz accompaniment.

Chicago lub sijhawm yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv tshiab uas jazz instrumentalists hu nkauj. Louis Armstrong yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov style no.

Swing

Hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim jazz, lo lus "swing" yog siv ob lub ntsiab lus. Ua ntej, viav vias yog ib qho kev nthuav qhia hauv cov suab paj nruag no. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov tsis ruaj tsis khov ntawm lub suab paj nruag, uas ua rau lub illusion ntawm acceleration ntawm lub tempo. Hauv qhov no, muaj kev xav tias suab paj nruag muaj lub zog sab hauv. Cov ua yeeb yam thiabcov neeg mloog tau koom ua ke los ntawm ib lub xeev psychophysical. Cov nyhuv no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov suab paj nruag, cov lus hais, articulatory thiab timbre cov tswv yim. Txhua tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag jazz sib zog los tsim nws tus kheej txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib tw suab paj nruag. Tib yam siv rau cov koom txoos thiab orchestras.

Thib ob, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov yeeb yam ntawm orchestral jazz uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum.

Ib yam ntxwv ntawm lub viav vias style yog solo improvisation tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev sib txuas uas yog qhov nyuaj heev. Cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag nrog cov txheej txheem zoo, kev paub txog kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev paub txog kev tsim suab paj nruag tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv qhov style no. Rau cov suab paj nruag zoo li no, cov koom haum loj ntawm orchestras lossis pawg loj tau muab, uas tau nrov hauv 30s. Cov txheej txheem ntawm lub orchestra ib txwm suav nrog 10-20 tus kws ntaus nkauj. Ntawm cov no - los ntawm 3 mus rau 5 kav, tib tus naj npawb ntawm trombones, ib pab pawg neeg saxophone, uas suav nrog clarinet, nrog rau ntu ntu ntu, uas muaj piano, hlua bass, guitar thiab percussion instruments.

Bebop

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-40s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, ib tug tshiab jazz style tau tsim, cov tsos ntawm cov cim pib ntawm keeb kwm ntawm niaj hnub jazz. Qhov style no tau tshwm sim los ua kev tawm tsam rau viav vias. Nws muaj lub sijhawm nrawm heev, uas tau qhia los ntawm Dizzy Gillespie thiab Charlie Parker. Qhov no tau ua tiav nrog lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb - txhawm rau txwv lub voj voog ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam rau cov kws tshaj lij xwb.

Cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag siv cov qauv suab paj nruag tshiab thiab cov suab paj nruag. Cov lus harmonic tau dhau los ua nyuaj. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab nrov ntawm lub nruas loj (hauv viav vias) tau txav mus rau lub cymbals. Ib qho kev seev cev tau ploj lawm hauv suab paj nruag.

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm jazz styles, bebop yog thawj zaug tawm ntawm cov suab paj nruag nrov ntawm kev sim creativity, mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kos duab nyob rau hauv nws "dawb huv" daim ntawv. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov style no hauv kev kawm.

Bopers tau npau taws ntawm qhov tsos thiab tus cwj pwm, yog li hais txog lawv tus kheej.

Bebop suab paj nruag tau ua los ntawm cov khoom me me. Nyob rau hauv lub foreground yog tus soloist nrog nws tus kheej style, virtuoso txheej txheem, muaj tswv yim xav, mastery ntawm dawb improvisation.

Kev sib piv nrog viav vias, qhov kev taw qhia no yog kev ua yeeb yam ntau dua, kev txawj ntse, tab sis loj dua. Nws yog anti-kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, bebop pib nthuav dav sai, nws muaj nws cov neeg mloog thoob plaws.

Jazz Territory

Nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm jazz, yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov kev txaus siab tas li ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj thiab cov neeg mloog thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tsis hais lub tebchaws twg lawv nyob. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias jazz artists xws li Dizzy Gillespie, Dave Brubeck, Duke Ellington thiab ntau lwm tus ua lawv cov compositions ntawm synthesis ntawm ntau yam suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai. Qhov tseeb no qhia tias jazz yog suab paj nruag uas nkag siab thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Hnub no, keeb kwm ntawm jazz muaj nws qhov txuas ntxiv, vim tias muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov suab paj nruag no loj heev.

Jazz suab paj nruag hauv USSR thiab Russia

Vim qhov tseeb tias jazz hauv USSR tau suav tias yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm bourgeois kab lis kev cai, nws raug thuam thiab txwv los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm.

Tab sis Lub Kaum Hli 1, 1922 tau cim los ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm thawj tus kws tshaj lij jazz orchestra hauv USSR. Lub suab paj nruag no ua yeeb yam Charleston thiab Foxtrot seev cev.

keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab jazz suav nrog cov npe ntawm cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag: pianist thiab composer, nrog rau lub taub hau ntawm thawj jazz orchestra Alexander Tsfasman, singer Leonid Utyosov thiab trumpeter Y. Skomorovsky.

Tom qab 50s, ntau lub suab paj nruag loj thiab me tau pib lawv cov haujlwm muaj tswv yim, cov uas yog Oleg Lundstrem's jazz orchestra, uas tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.

Tam sim no, Moscow muaj kev ua yeeb yam jazz txhua xyoo, uas coj los ua ke thoob ntiaj teb-nto moo jazz bands thiab solo artists.