2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
N. V. Gogol tsis yog tsuas yog kev khav theeb ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj yog nws qhov tsis paub zoo. Nws tau tso tseg ntau pua nplooj ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ci ntsa iab thiab ntau qhov tsis meej, uas ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm nws lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm tab tom sim daws. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws qhov kev hais lus zoo heev yog qhov tob, yog li cov lus tsis meej uas nyob ib puag ncig tus kws sau ntawv thaum nws lub neej thiab ntim nws lub yeeb koob tom qab nrog daim ntaub thaiv zoo heev.
Txawm li cas los xij, tom kawg tsis xav tsis thoob. Thaum tseem yog menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Nizhyn gymnasium, Gogol tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "tsis paub meej Carlo" los ntawm cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm rau nws qhov kev zais cia, tsis kam qhia nws cov phiaj xwm zais cia rau yav tom ntej, kev npau suav ntawm koob meej, kev ua haujlwm kiv taub hau, thiab siv rau lub meej mom ntawm Niam Txiv.. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, kev nqhis dej rau kev paub sau ntawv, lub siab xav sau ib yam dab tsi tseem ceeb, hnyav uas yuav ua rau nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Masters ntawm lo lus - tus mlom A. S. Pushkin, hlub los ntawm A. A. Zhukovsky thiab lwm tus venerable sau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd.
Gogol pseudonym
Gogol txoj haujlwm yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev lim hiam tiag tiag thiab ua rau lub siab xav, ua siab ntev, kov lub kua muag lyricism thiab ua, los kua muag, luagsatire, tom qab uas yog ib tug sib sib zog nqus, ntsuj plig-corroding melancholy thiab iab. Kev zoo nkauj thiab ugliness, xwm txheej thiab comedy (txhua yam zoo li hauv lub neej) - peb pom tag nrho cov no hauv Tuag Souls thiab Tsoom Fwv Tswj Xyuas, hauv Kev Sib Yuav thiab Nevsky Prospekt. Tus kws sau ntawv satirist, tus kws sau ntawv paub tsis meej, tus kws sau nkauj, sawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv "natural" - tag nrho cov no yog nws, N. V. Gogol.
Gogol tej hauj lwm, txhua kab ntawm lawv dais lub cim ntawm nws cov txuj ci zoo. Tus kws sau ntawv muaj lub peev xwm zoo heev los piav qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov cim hauv ob peb lo lus, ob lossis peb qhia cov ntsiab lus, kom nthuav tawm, pom tag nrho, nrog rau tag nrho lawv cov ces kaum ntawm tus ntsuj plig, zais kev xav. Qhov no feature ntawm Gogol tus txawj ntse yog heev muaj nuj nqis los ntawm Pushkin. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas nws tau muab nws tus phooj ywg ob lub tswv yim zoo - cov phiaj xwm ntawm "Tsoomfwv Tus Saib Xyuas" thiab "Tuag Souls", paub txog tias tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem tiv nrog cov dab neeg no zoo dua li cov tub ntxhais hluas "Me Me Lavxias teb sab" nrog cov mos mos. sab qab teb accent.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm Nikolai Vasilyevich pib deb ntawm kev tsis muaj huab. Cov paj huam "Hanz Küchelgarten" tam sim no yog ib phau ntawv tsis tshua muaj. Nws tus sau yog V. Alov, thiab ob peb tus neeg paub tias qhov no yog Gogol's pseudonym. Thawj alias.
Cov paj huam tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm German romantics thiab xav txog lub siab xav thiab kev xav ntawm tus pib sau thaum lub sij hawm ntawd. Nws tau puv nrog kev cia siab thiab kev npau suav ntawm lub yeeb koob paj huam thaum Severnaya Pchela thiab Moscow Telegraph luam tawm cov ntawv luam ntawm nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Thiab txawm lub npe ntawm Gogol, romantic thiab poetic, tau txuam nrog nws sab ntsuj plig uplift: tom qab tag nrho, Alov -hnub no yog kaj ntug liab qab, sawv ntxov tuaj, hnub yug ntawm hnub tshiab, kaj thiab kaj.
Alas, qhov kev thuam tau ua phem heev, thiab tus kws sau ntawv, ntshai kev txaj muag, tau yuav tag nrho cov ntawv sau paj huam, xauj ib chav hauv ib lub tsev so hauv St. Petersburg thiab hlawv tag nrho ob lub hnab ntawm ib tsab ntawm " Gantz …". Yog vim li cas nws ua li no, vim tsis muaj leej twg paub nws lub npe sau, tsis paub rau peb. Feem ntau, Gogol xav tias muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev kos duab, rau cov neeg nyeem, thiab tsis xav ua rau nws tus kheej tsis muaj zog ua haujlwm. Yog, thiab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm contemporaries uas paub nws thiab nws tsev neeg nyob rau hauv Mev Russia, kuv tsis xav blush.
Gogol's pseudonym thib ob yog qhov tseeb tiag tiag ntawm kev dag ntxias. Rudy Panko, tus beekeeper, uas nws sawv cev rau "Hnub Hmo Ntuj ntawm Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb …" tau sau thiab luam tawm, Nikolai Vasilyevich qhov kev sau ntawv tiag tiag, uas coj nws thawj lub koob meej thiab muaj koob meej, qhib qhov rooj rau nws mus rau lub tsev zoo tshaj plaws hauv St.. Panko nws tus kheej, raws li ib tug tim khawv thiab piav qhia ntawm lub sau, yog depicted li masterfully vividly hais tias ib tug yooj yim xav txog tej yam nws tsos, kev ua neej, txawm nws lub suab. Thiab nws caw nws cov neeg nyeem tuaj xyuas, ib yam nkaus, raws li tus cwj pwm uas twb muaj lawm! Tsis tas li ntawd, Gogol's pseudonym tshiab alludes rau tus sau nws tus kheej. "Rudy" hauv kev txhais lus los ntawm Ukrainian, ces Me Me Lavxias teb sab, txhais tau tias "liab" (kev koom tes nrog cov plaub hau xim). Thiab "Panko" yog lub npe Panas, Me Me Lavxias teb sab version ntawm Lavxias teb sab Athanasius, tus kws sau ntawv yawg koob.
Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. "P. Glechik", "G. Yanov" thiab txawm lub luv luv "O. O. O. O." (Gogol-Yanovskaya), txhua tus kos npe kuj yog lwm lub npeGogol, uas nws tau siv thaum ntxov ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Thaum lub neej ntawm tus sau, ib lub voj voog nqaim ntawm tib neeg paub txog lawv: ob peb tus phooj ywg thiab cov tshaj tawm. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd, nrog rau kev kawm tob tob ntawm tus sau cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab nws phau ntawv keeb kwm, cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav tuaj rau cov neeg tshawb fawb.
Kev txaus siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus Xib Hwb tsis qaug zog dhau sijhawm. Cov yeeb yaj kiab yog tsim los ntawm nws thiab raws li nws cov haujlwm, cov ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau sau, nws yog ib tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias tshaj plaws. Thiab qhov no kuj yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis meej ntawm N. V. Gogol!
Pom zoo:
Cov Ntawv Me Me. Cov ntaub ntawv menyuam yaus yog txawv teb chaws. Cov me nyuam fairy tales, riddles, paj huam
Nws nyuaj rau kev kwv yees lub luag haujlwm uas menyuam yaus cov ntaub ntawv ua si hauv tib neeg lub neej. Cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tus menyuam tau nyeem los ntawm cov hluas tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam txog tus neeg, nws lub siab nyiam thiab qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub neej
Literary zog. Literary trends thiab tam sim no
Ib qho kev sau ntawv yog ib yam uas feem ntau txheeb xyuas nrog tsev kawm ntawv lossis pab pawg neeg sau ntawv. Txhais tau hais tias ib pab pawg neeg muaj tswv yim, lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev zoo nkauj, nrog rau kev xav thiab kev ua yeeb yam zoo sib xws
Hom riddles, lawv siv
Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov muaj xws li ib hom ntawv raws li kev sib tham tau paub txog thaum ub. Nws tsis tau poob nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub neej niaj hnub ntawm tib neeg. Vim li cas daim ntawv no ntawm pej xeem thiab sau paj huam thiaj li ntxim nyiam? Vim li cas hom ntawv thiaj li nquag? Hom riddles uas muaj nyob niaj hnub no muaj ntau haiv neeg
Ntxhais lus dag rau lub tuam txhab lom zem. Txias riddles rau lub tuam txhab lom zem
Thov caw nej los koom kev sib tham nrog cov ntse, lom zem thiab txias riddles uas yuav ua rau koj cov phooj ywg raug kev txom nyem zoo nkauj ua ntej muab cov lus teb raug
Secrets, riddles thiab pseudonym ntawm Gogol
Tej zaum, qhov no yog tus neeg tsis paub meej tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv - Nikolai Gogol. Nws lub siab nyiam rau kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab mysticism tuaj yeem taug qab hauv txhua txoj haujlwm. Tragicomedy, raws li daim iav ntawm tib neeg tag nrho thiab ntawm txhua tus neeg ntawm tus kheej, yog tus kws sau ntawv nyiam ib hom ntawv. Qhov tseeb ntawm nws phau ntawv keeb kwm kuj ua tim khawv rau nws tus ntsuj plig tsis paub
