Egofuturism yog Egofuturism thiab creativity ntawm I. Severyanin

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Egofuturism yog ib qho qauv hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv uas tau tsim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, hauv 1910s. Nws tsim nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm futurism. Ntxiv nrog rau cov yam ntxwv yav tom ntej, nws tau paub qhov txawv los ntawm kev siv cov lus txawv teb chaws thiab cov lus tshiab, kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kev xav zoo, thiab kev xav qia dub.

Yug los ntawm tam sim no

Egofuturism yog ib qho kev sau ntawv uas tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig nws cov neeg sawv cev nto moo tshaj plaws, Igor Severyanin. Nyob rau hauv 1909, nws muaj ob peb followers ntawm St. Petersburg poets. Ob xyoos tom qab, lawv pib lub voj voog hu ua "Ego".

Tom qab ntawd, Severyanin nws tus kheej tau tshaj tawm phau ntawv "Prologue (Egofuturism)", uas nws tau xa mus rau txhua qhov ntawv xov xwm. Hauv nws, nws sim tsim qhov no yog egofuturism.

Cov ntawv nyeem tau nrawm nrawm thiab ua tiav. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm egofuturism ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd - Georgy Ivanov, Konstantin Olimpov, Stefan Petrov, Pavel Shirokov, Pavel Kokorin, Ivan Lukash.

Tau tsim lub zej zog, lawv pib hais tias egofuturism yogqhov no yog ib qho kev taw qhia tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub, uas yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua yam uas tau ua dhau los. Rau qhov no, manifestos thiab nplooj ntawv tau luam tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sau ntawv tshiab yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus esoteric thiab paub daws teeb meem.

Nws yog qhov nthuav tias cov thawj coj ntawm egofuturism hu ua cov kws sau paj huam ntawm "qub tsev kawm ntawv". Piv txwv li, Olimpov txiv Konstantin Fofanov thiab Mirra Lokhvitskaya.

Egofuturists hu lawv tus kheej tej hauj lwm tsis yog paj huam, tab sis paj huam.

Kev txhim kho ntawm egofuturism

Lub koom haum muaj tswv yim thawj zaug poob sib nrug sai heev. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1912, Severyanin tau sib cais, pib ua kom muaj koob meej sai, thawj zaug ntawm Cov Cim, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm cov pej xeem.

Tom qab ntawd, Ivan Ignatiev tau tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm ntawm qhov kev sau ntawv no. Thaum ntawd nws muaj 20 xyoo xwb. Nws pom "Intuitive Association", pib sau paj huam thiab tshuaj xyuas, txawm tias txoj kev xav ntawm ego-futurism. Nrog futurism, qhov kev sau ntawv no hloov mus rau kev sib txuas zoo, raws li nws ua raws tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm avant-garde. Hauv kev txheeb xyuas, cov kws sau paj huam ntawm ob qho tib si nyiam ntau dua hauv daim ntawv tshaj li cov ntsiab lus.

Petersburg Herald

Xyoo 1912, thawj lub tsev tshaj tawm futuristic tshwm sim. Nws pib luam tawm cov phau ntawv los ntawm Ignatiev nws tus kheej, nrog rau Vasilisk Gnedov, Rurik Ivnev, thiab Vadim Shershenevich. Egofuturists tau nquag luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm Nizhegorodets thiab Dachnitsa.

Bthawj xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, egofuturism thiab cubofuturism yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub hauv paus stylistic thiab cheeb tsam. Qhov no yog ib hom kev tawm tsam ntawm Moscow thiab St. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cubo-futurism hauv paj huam yog David Burliuk, Olga Rozanova.

Xyoo 1914, thawj qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ego-futurists hauv Crimea nrog Budutlyans, raws li Cubo-Futurists tau hu ua, tau tshwm sim. Severyanin koom tes nrog lawv rau qee lub sijhawm, tso tawm "Thawj Phau Ntawv Xov Xwm ntawm Lavxias Futurists", tab sis thaum kawg nws tsiv mus.

Lub tsev tshaj tawm "Petersburg Herald" kaw rau xyoo 1914, thaum Ignatiev tua tus kheej. Nws txiav nws caj pas rau hnub tom qab lub tshoob. Cov laj thawj ntawm txoj cai no tseem tsis tau paub.

Txij thaum ntawd los, cov phau ntawv ego-futurist feem ntau tau luam tawm hauv The Enchanted Wanderer thiab Poetry Mezzanine.

Swiftness and short duration

Nws yog ob lub ntsiab lus uas tuaj yeem ua tus cwj pwm egofuturism. Nws yog ib qho tshwm sim tsis sib xws thiab luv luv hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv. Kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg thuam thiab cov pej xeem tau riveted rau Severyanin, uas tau ceev nrooj ntawm tus so.

Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov qauv no sai sai ua rau lawv cov style, nrhiav lawv tus kheej hauv lwm hom. Piv txwv li, ntau xyoo 1920 tau mus rau hauv Imagism, uas tau npaj los ntawm ego-futurists.

Nyob rau xyoo 1920, Petrograd cov neeg sau ntawv tau sim txhawb cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov qauv no: "Lub Ring of Poets muaj npe tom qab K. M. Fofanov" thiab "The Gaer Abbey". Tab sis tsis muaj kev vam meejua tiav. Lub "Nplhaib ntawm Poets" tau kaw tag nrho hauv xyoo 1922 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Cheka.

Ntau tus neeg ego-futurists uas tseem nyob hauv Russia tau raug tsim txom. Xws li txoj hmoo tos Konstantin Olimpov, Basilisk Gnedov, lub Grail ntawm Arel.

Tus sawv cev ci ntsa iab

Lub npe ntawm Igor Severyanin tau ntev tau cuam tshuam nrog egofuturism. Lub npe tiag tiag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yog Lotarev. Nws yug hauv St. Petersburg xyoo 1887.

Raws li nws, nws tau txais nws txoj kev kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tiag tiag hauv Cherepovets, tau ua tiav plaub chav kawm. Nyob rau hauv 1904 nws tawm mus rau lub nroog ntawm Dalniy nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Tuam Tshoj, thiab nyob rau hauv Port Arthur. Nws rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg tsis ntev ua ntej pib ntawm Russo-Japanese Tsov rog.

Tib lub sijhawm pib tshaj tawm tsis tu ncua. Tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej tau thov kom muab nws thawj yim daim ntawv qhia rau hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb. Txij li thaum xyoo 1907, nws pib kos npe rau nws cov phau ntawv nrog lub npe pseudonym. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv tus sau version, nws zoo li "Igor-Severyanin". Nws yog ib qho kev pib, yog li ib hom mythology thiab amulet.

Tswv yias lauj khob

Nws yog los ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntawm phau ntawv "Prologue of ego-futurism" uas nws yog kev cai suav qhov muaj nyob ntawm kev sau ntawv tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis nyob ntev nrog nws cov neeg txhawb nqa thiab cov thwjtim. Sib cais ntawm lawv, thov kom ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm.

Nyob rau xyoo 1913, cov ntawv sau nto moo hauv cov qauv ntawm Severyanin's ego-futurism hu ua "Thundering Cup" tau luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nws ua ob zaug nrogVladimir Mayakovsky, thiab nyob rau hauv 1914 nws mus ncig ua si nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws.

Vajntxwv Poets

Nws yog thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam nrog Mayakovsky uas Severyanin tau txais lub npe ntawm King of Poets. Cov neeg tim khawv hais tias lub koob tsheej nws tus kheej tau nrog kev ua si zoo nkauj nrog lub ntsej muag thiab lub tsho, tab sis tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej tau coj qhov no nrog rau qhov hnyav.

Qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim hauv chav tsev ntawm Polytechnic Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv xyoo 1918. Cov neeg ua pov thawj nco qab tias qhov kev xaiv tsa tau nrog lub suab nrov nrov thiab kev sib cav, thiab thaum lub sijhawm so yuav luag muaj kev sib ntaus ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa Mayakovsky thiab Severyanin.

Severyanin tau lees paub tias yog huab tais, ua ntej Mayakovsky los ntawm tsuas yog 30-40 votes. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub caj dab ntawm tus yeej tau muab tso rau ib lub wreath ntawm myrtle, qiv los ntawm lub tsev pam tuag nyob ze. Lub wreath dai rau hauv caug, tab sis Severyanin txuas ntxiv nyeem paj huam twb nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm huab tais ntawm kws sau paj lug. Lawv kuj xav kom Mayakovsky ua Viceroy, tab sis nws tsis kam muab lub wreath, dhia rau ntawm lub rooj thiab nyeem peb feem ntawm paj huam "Ib huab nyob rau hauv ris".

Lub neej nyob rau hauv exile

Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, Severyanin tawm mus, pom nws tus kheej hauv kev yuam kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Nrog nws tus poj niam sib xws, nws tawm mus rau Estonia. Txij li thaum 1919, nws pib ua yeeb yam nrog concerts. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no, ob peb lub kaum os ntawm nws ua yeeb yam, qhov kawg nyob rau hauv 1940 nyob rau hauv lub ntees ntawm lub 35th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws muaj tswv yim kev ua ub no.

Xyoo 1921, nws tau faib txoj hauv kev nrog nws tus poj niam Volyanskaya rau kev sib yuav Felissa Kruut. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus kws sau paj lug kiag li tso tseg ego-futurism hauv kev pom zoo ntawm qhov yooj yim thiab muaj tseebpaj huam. Nyob rau hauv emigration, nws luam tawm ntau sau paj huam nyob rau hauv uas nws nostalgia rau lub Motherland yog xav, lawv txawv kiag li ntawm txhua yam uas nws sau nyob rau hauv Russia.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau los ua thawj tus neeg txhais lus tseem ceeb ntawm Estonian paj huam rau hauv Lavxias. Nws ncig ntau hauv Tebchaws Europe, mus xyuas lub tebchaws Yelemes, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Lithuania thiab Latvia. Xyoo 1931, nws tau hais ob lo lus hauv Paris.

Tus kws sau paj lug siv lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1940-1941 hauv Paide hauv central Estonia. Nws mob tas li. Thaum tsov rog pib, nws xav khiav tawm mus tom qab, tab sis ua tsis tau qhov no vim kev noj qab haus huv. Lub Kaum Hli 41, nws tuag ntawm lub plawv nres thaum muaj hnub nyoog 54.