Ua haujlwm los ntawm M. V. Lomonosov: daim ntawv teev npe, piav qhia, lub ntsiab lus

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov yog ib tus neeg ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Nws yog ib tug zoo kws tshawb fawb, neeg sau xov xwm thiab philologist. Lomonosov cov hauj lwm tseem muaj kev txaus siab rau cov kws tshawb fawb thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab sawv cev rau qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv keeb kwm ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev tshawb fawb.

Short biography

Lomonosov yug hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb-neeg nuv ntses. Mikhail tau txais nws txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv zos los ntawm ib tug pab pawg ntseeg. Leej niam ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau tuag ntxov, thiab nws txiv rov qab sib yuav. Kev sib raug zoo nrog niam txiv tsis loj hlob. Lawv sib ntaus sib tua ntau zaus, thiab qhov cua hauv tsev tsis zoo siab rau Mikhail.

Lomonosov kawm ntau yam ntawm nws tus kheej thiab nyeem ntau heev. Thaum nws pom tias nws txiv xav yuav nws, nws ua txuj tias nws muaj mob, ces tawm mus rau Moscow mus kawm. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thaum lub sij hawm - lub Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Ua ib tug ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm zoo tshaj plaws, nws raug xa mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Academy of Sciences hauv St. Petersburg, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov chaw nws kawm mining, metallurgy, chemistry thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb. Tom qabRov qab mus rau Russia, Lomonosov tau cuv npe hauv Academy of Sciences. Lub sijhawm no, nws tsim thawj lub chaw tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws Russia, thiab tseem npaj lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, uas tom qab tau txais nws lub npe.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Engineering, lus, lej, mechanics, philosophy - qhov no tsis yog ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas Lomonosov xav txog. Classicism, uas nws tej hauj lwm yog tsom rau nruj, hierarchy thiab clarity, qhib ntau lub cib fim rau yav tom ntej kws tshawb fawb. Nws kuj tau kawm nws tus kheej kawm ntawv, kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev xav.

Lomonosov yog ib tug txiv neej uas muaj kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem hu ua tus txiv neej ntawm kev paub thoob ntiaj teb. Nws txaus siab rau txhua yam lus, thiab nws sim kawm txhua yam uas ua tau hauv txhua yam kev tshawb fawb. Cov haujlwm ntawm M. V. Lomonosov ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho physics thiab chemistry, thiab tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov lus Lavxias.

Lomonosov thiab philology

Linguistics thiab philology yog cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb uas Lomonosov cov haujlwm tau mob siab rau. Daim ntawv teev npe suav nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub xov tooj ntawm cov lus Lavxias, nrog rau kev sim ua kom tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hauv tebchaws thiab lus.

Tus kws tshawb fawb muab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas. Nws thawj txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab lus no yog "Ib tsab ntawv ntawm Txoj Cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam". Cov hauj lwm yog sau nyob rau hauv ib tug meej thiab cus ciav style, characterizes lub atherosclerosis thiab pettiness ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Cov hauj lwm no tso cai rau peb hu Lomonosov tus sau ntawm Lavxias teb sab versification. Nws qhia nws txuj cinyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Nyob rau hauv Capture ntawm Khotin", uas muaj raws li tag nrho cov theoretical kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus sau. Txoj hauj lwm "Rhetoric" kuj tsim nyog mloog.

Thoob plaws hauv nws txoj haujlwm, tus kws tshawb fawb tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau kev sib piv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov paj huam nrog lawv cov duab kos duab. Nws kuj tau hais tias koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsom mus rau qhov chaw nrov, tab sis nrhiav qee yam ntawm koj tus kheej. Nws yog lub teb chaws yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus uas ua rau nws txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj tau hais tias cov lus Lavxias yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej, tab sis tsis raug txiav tawm ntawm lwm lub ntiaj teb, yog li txhua qhov kev ua tiav nyob sab Europe thiab cov tswv yim siab heev yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Literary Theory

Lomonosov cov haujlwm tau tsim lub hauv paus rau Lavxias teb sab txoj kev xav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm no yog ua los ntawm kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb.

Lomonosov muaj peb lub suab sib txawv rau cov iambic thiab chorea uas twb muaj lawm - dactyl, anapaest thiab amphibrach. Tus kws tshawb fawb kuj tau sib cav tias ntau cov lus sib dhos tuaj yeem siv tau hauv paj huam, thiab tsis yog txiv neej thiab poj niam, uas Trediakovsky sau txog.

Lomonosov's paj huam

Poet yog lwm txoj haujlwm uas Lomonosov tau paub zoo. Cov hauj lwm, cov npe ntawm cov uas yog impressive heev, qhia meej meej lub teb chaws tus kheej qhia ntawm tus sau. Nws yog thawj zaug nrhiav pom cov yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam, uas tau txuas ntxiv mus thiab nthuav tawm ntau dua los ntawm nws cov thwjtim. Peb tab tom tham txog cov yam ntxwv zoo li kev cia siab, kev ua pej xeem, kev txaus siab ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los, kev ntseeg zoo tshaj plawsyav tom ntej thiab ntau dua.

Lomonosov cov haujlwm tau ua ntau lub luag haujlwm ib zaug: lawv tau siv rau kev kawm pej xeem, thiab kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev cuam tshuam rau zej zog. Qhov no yog vim lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev nkag siab, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab lub neej ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb. Txawm hais tias qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lomonosov raug txiav txim siab, txhua tus ntawm lawv ncaj qha lossis ncaj qha nqa qhov no hauv lawv tus kheej. Cov haujlwm hauv qab no tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb: "Kev Sib Tham nrog Anacreon", "Peter the Great", "Inscription on the illumination" thiab lwm yam.

Journalism

Lomonosov cov haujlwm, cov npe uas tsuas yog amazing, kuj tseem cuam tshuam txog kev sau xov xwm. Enlightenment ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, nws nkag siab tias nws yog cov xov xwm uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tshaj tawm thiab tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, cov ntawv xov xwm "Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Russia, ua ke nrog ib tug me me ntxiv "History, Genealogical thiab Geographical Notes" tau luam tawm. Nws yog ntu no uas tau tso siab rau Lomonosov rau kev kho.

Tom qab ntawd, ntawm qhov pib ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Academy of Sciences, thawj phau ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb "Lub hli ua haujlwm rau cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev lom zem ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm" tau luam tawm, npaj rau ntau tus neeg nyeem. Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov nthuav thiab nkag tau rau cov neeg uas tsis koom nrog kev tshawb fawb.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb hauv kev tsim cov lus Lavxias

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm haiv neeg yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uasLomonosov. Cov hauj lwm, cov npe uas tsuas yog loj, taw qhia rau ob qho tseem ceeb nrhav. Ua ntej, qhov no yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm syllabic-tonic system ntawm versification, thiab thib ob, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm peb hom, raws li tag nrho cov lus Lavxias teb sab yuav muab faib ua peb loj. Tus sau qhia txog cov qauv hauv qab no:

• siab. Rau qhov no, feem ntau lees txais thiab lub Koom Txoos Slavonic cov lus siv.
• Medium. Xav tias tsuas yog siv cov lus lees paub xwb.
• Tsawg. Siv cov lus hais xwb.

Raws li qhov no, cov qauv siv tau los tsim ntau hom:

• High - ode, heroic poem, tragedy.
• Medium - drama and lyrics.
• Low - comedy, satire, dab neeg.

Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb nws tus kheej, nws xav tsis thoob tias nws nyiam cov style siab. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Lomonosov, uas cov odes nyob ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib qhov chaw, qhia meej meej qhov no. Yog li ntawd, rau nws tej hauj lwm, tus sau tsuas yog siv lub tsev teev ntuj thiab feem ntau lees txais cov lus, tsis suav cov lus yooj yim.

Mikhail Lomonosov yog tus cwj pwm zoo tsis yog hauv Lavxias nkaus xwb tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb. Tus txiv neej no yog tus tuav ntawm kev paub encyclopedic, thiab kuj yog tus sau ntau txoj kev xav hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb.