Dab tsi yog txoj haujlwm: lub tswv yim, yam ntxwv thiab cov dab neeg zoo heev

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Dab tsi yog kev ua haujlwm hauv cov ntaub ntawv? Dab tsi yog nws cov yam ntxwv? Dab tsi yog hom ntawv nyeem? Tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau daws tam sim ntawd. Cov ntaub ntawv classical yog tag nrho ntawm cov npe zoo, txhua tus tau qhia qee yam tshiab rau hauv lub tswv yim xws li kev ua haujlwm. Nov yog dab tsi?

Dab tsi yog txoj haujlwm: tswvyim, yam ntxwv, yam

Ib txoj haujlwm hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho haujlwm kawg ntawm tus sau. Nws tuaj yeem yog paj huam me me, thiab qhov tshiab loj, thiab zaj lus piv txwv zoo, nrog rau cov duab kos. Kev ua haujlwm yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv spatial, uas yog, kev nkag siab tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis tu ncua. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev tsim muaj tswv yim muaj nws tus kheej style thiab nws tus kheej hais lus. Nws tuaj yeem yog kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb, ntawv tseeb lossis xov xwm xov xwm. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm tus sau thiab cov laj thawj uas ua rau nws tsim nws tus tswv. Kev ua haujlwm yog dab tsi? Tam sim no nws tau pom tseeb: qhov no yog ib yam khoom muaj tswv yim tsim los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv.

Literary works of the 19th century: prominent names and their job

Lub xyoo pua 19th yog hu ua golden nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, vim hais tiasNws yog lub sij hawm no uas Pushkin vam meej, Lermontov lub melancholy los yog Tolstoy txoj kev puas siab puas ntsws poob. Tsis meej pem ntawm Dostoevsky thiab qhov teeb meem ntawm Turgenev yog intertwined nrog paj huam sensual Tyutchev thiab Fet. Dab tsi distinguishes lub xyoo pua puv 19 los ntawm tus so? Ua ntej, raws li tau hais los saum no, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Pushkin. Ib haiv neeg ntawm Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, nws pib pom nws cov txuj ci txawm nyob hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm nws lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab nws cov paj huam zoo heev yuav mob siab rau lub sijhawm no. Qhov thib ob, cov yeeb yam zoo kawg ntawm Gogol thiab Griboedov, thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua kuj ntawm Chekhov, yuav ua rau cov nom tswv thiab cov tub ceev xwm xav txog lawv cov kev ua thiab lub neej hauv zej zog. Thib peb, kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav semantic yuav pab cov nyeem Leo Tolstoy poob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tsis meej ntawm tib neeg lub siab, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev paub yuav pab tib neeg "nyob" cov ntawv tshiab. Thib peb, cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm Dostoevsky yuav qhia tag nrho cov kev tsis txaus ntawm lub neej ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab ua ke nrog Ivan Turgenev lawv yuav nyiam cov neeg ntawm hom tshiab thiab lub sijhawm tshiab.

Artworks of the 20th century

Cov haujlwm no yuav nyob hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Ntawm chav kawm, lub hnub nyoog nyiaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv yog tsis phem. Muaj cov npe zoo ntawm no xws li Mayakovsky, Yesenin, Blok, Nabokov, Vasiliev thiab ntau lwm tus. Lub impudence thiab hooliganism thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua muab neeg Mayakovsky's "A Cloud nyob rau hauv ris", Pasternak's "Tus kws kho mob Zhivago", nruab nrab - hnyav thiab tragic tej hauj lwm ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog los ntawm Boris Vasiliev "Lub kaj ntug nov yog ntsiag to …", Alexander Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin" thiab Vasil Bykov "Sotnikov". Kaj ntug ntawm lub USSRntau tus kws sau ntawv tau muaj sia nyob txawv teb chaws, los ntawm qhov chaw lawv xa lawv cov haujlwm. Ntawm lawv yog Nabokov thiab Dovlatov.

Kev kos duab yog dab tsi? Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, qhov no yog ib tug tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no, ib tug tag nrho system ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm heroes, interweaving ntawm lawv txoj kev xav thiab tsom xam ntawm kev ua. Nws yog kev hais lus zoo thiab meej meej. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam khoom muaj tswv yim yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib thiab raug, vim tus sau muab nws tus ntsuj plig rau hauv nws.