2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Ib tus cim tiag tiag hauv cov ntawv sau Lavxias yog Anna Akhmatova.
"Requiem" cov kws tshawb fawb hu rau qhov kawg ntawm nws cov lus. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus yog organically intertwined nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm poetess: kev hlub kev paub, ib tug kws sau paj lug thiab keeb kwm, ib tug kws sau paj lug thiab lub hwj chim, kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lub hnub nyoog "nyiaj" hnub nyoog, Soviet reality … Akhmatova nyob ib tug ntev lub neej: a tus hluas nkauj lwj yug nyob rau hauv pre-revolutionary Russia, ib tug hluas poetess los ntawm lub beau monde yog destined kom paub tag nrho cov hnyav ntawm lub Soviet pob zeb den. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov dav ntawm nws qhov kev muaj tswv yim tuaj yeem hu ua ntau yam: kev hlub lyrics, pej xeem paj huam, lus dab neeg, cov ntsiab lus qub, cov dab neeg hauv phau Vajlugkub.
"Requiem", Akhmatova: summary
Ua haujlwm ntawm zaj paj huam tau ntev txij xyoo 1935 txog 1940, nyob rau lub sijhawm nyuaj tshaj plaws, ntshav thiab txaus ntshai. Nyob rau hauv nws, tus kws sau paj huam tau tswj hwm cov organically sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kab keeb kwm thiab hom kab lig kev cai ntawm kev pam tuag lamentation. Los ntawm cov lus Latin "Requiem" yog txhais ua siab ntev. Vim li cas Akhmatova muab lub npe tshwj xeeb rau nws txoj haujlwm? Requiem yog lub ntees tuag ib txwm muaj rau pawg ntseeg Catholic thiab Lutheran. Tom qab ntawd, lo lus no tau txais lub ntsiab lus dav dua: lawv pib xaiv lub cim nco txog ntawm tus neeg tuag. Tus kws sau paj huam, zoo li nws yog, hu nkaujthiab kuv tus kheej, thiab kuv cov phooj ywg hauv kev txom nyem, thiab tag nrho Russia.
Akhmatova, "Requiem": semantic plans
Cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub paub qhov txawv ntawm plaub txheej hauv zaj paj huam: thawj qhov pom tseeb thiab yog, zoo li nws tau hais tias, "ntawm qhov chaw" - kev tu siab ntawm cov nkauj hu nkauj, piav txog hmo ntuj raug ntes ntawm tus neeg hlub. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg ntawm no tias tus kws sau paj huam vam khom rau ntawm tus kheej: nws tus tub L. Gumilyov, nws tus txiv N. Punin thiab tus khub kws sau ntawv O. Mandelstam raug ntes tib yam. Ntshai, tsis meej pem, tsis meej pem - leej twg yuav paub ntau txog qhov no tshaj Akhmatova? "Requiem", txawm li cas los xij, tsis txwv rau qhov no: lub kua muag ntawm lub lyrical heroine nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ua ke nrog cov quaj ntawm ntau txhiab tus poj niam Lavxias teb sab uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tib yam kev txom nyem. Yog li, tus kheej qhov xwm txheej nthuav dav, dhau los ua neeg ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv lub thib peb semantic txheej ntawm paj huam, txoj hmoo ntawm lub heroine yog txhais raws li ib tug cim ntawm lub era. Ntawm no, cov kws tshawb fawb taw tes rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm "monument" tshwm sim hauv qhov kev sib txuas, uas rov qab mus rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Derzhavin thiab Pushkin. Txawm li cas los xij, rau Akhmatova, lub monument tsis yog lub cim ntawm lub yeeb koob, tab sis lub embodiment ntawm intravital thiab posthumous kev txom nyem. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li hais kom muab tso rau ze ntawm lub tsev loj cuj, qhov chaw uas tus poj niam tau siv sij hawm txaus ntshai heev nrog nws "cov hluas nkauj". Daim duab ntawm ib lub monument ua los ntawm pob zeb sib koom ua ke nrog cov motif ntawm "possil" - qhov no epithet yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau nyob rau hauv "Requiem". Nyob rau hauv lub epilogue, lub monument ua, raws li nws yog, pom embodiment ntawm lub metaphor ntawm "petrified kev txom nyem". Cov duab ntawm kev txom nyem poetess sib koom ua ke nrog cov duab ntawm lub perishing Russia torn rau daim, ib tug txaus ntshai era - qhov no yog Anna Akhmatova.
"Requiem" muaj plaub lub tswv yim semantic. Qhov no yog kev tu siab ntawm leej niam uas nws tus tub raug tsim txom. Nws sib haum mus rau qhov kev tsim txom ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv, saib lub nce toj ntawm Yexus Khetos mus rau Golgotha. Raws li tus kws sau paj huam, kev tsim txom ntawm txhua leej niam uas poob nws tus tub yog piv rau kev txom nyem ntawm Virgin Mary. Yog li qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kheej ntawm ib tus poj niam thiab ib tus menyuam dhau los ua neeg thoob ntiaj teb.
Pom zoo:
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Poets hais txog paj huam thiab quotes txog paj huam
Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv txoj hmoo thiab lub neej ntawm cov kws sau paj huam? Paj huam txhais li cas rau lawv? Lawv sau dab tsi thiab xav txog nws? Puas yog nws ua haujlwm lossis kos duab rau lawv? Puas nyuaj ua ib tug kws sau paj lug, thiab txhais li cas los ua ib tug kws sau paj huam? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no hauv kab lus. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no yuav muab rau koj los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam lawv tus kheej hauv lawv cov haujlwm
"Tus kws sau paj huam tuag" Lermontov nqe lus "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag". Lermontov muab rau leej twg "Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam"?
Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
Paj huam yav tsaus ntuj. Cov paj huam ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam
Tus nqi paj huam yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate. Nws tsis tuag txawm tias nws tsis raug tso cai los tsim kho, txwv tsis pub, raug tsim txom, thaum tus kws sau paj huam nrhiav tsis tau ib qho chaw hauv nws Leej Txiv. Thaum cov neeg tsim tawm mus, nws tseem nyob thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg nyeem cov kab lus poetic. Tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam yog ib tug tiag tiag kev nplij siab rau tus ntsuj plig
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem". Analysis ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov pej xeem"
Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm
