Tseem ntawm orchestras. Dab tsi yog hom orchestras raws li kev sib xyaw ntawm cov twj paj nruag?

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Ib lub suab paj nruag yog ib pab pawg kws ntaus nkauj uas ntaus ntau yam cuab yeej. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob totaub nrog pawg. Kab lus no yuav qhia koj seb hom orchestras yog dab tsi. Thiab lawv cov suab paj nruag cov suab paj nruag kuj yuav raug fij tseg.

Ntau yam orchestras

Ib lub orchestra txawv ntawm ib pawg uas nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, tib cov twj paj nruag tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv pawg ua si hauv unison, uas yog, ib qho suab paj nruag. Thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, txhua tus neeg ntaus suab paj nruag yog tus soloist - nws ua nws feem. "Orchestra" yog ib lo lus Greek thiab txhais tias "dance floor". Nws nyob ntawm theem thiab cov neeg tuaj saib. Pawg hu nkauj tau nyob ntawm qhov chaw no. Tom qab ntawd nws tau zoo ib yam li niaj hnub orchestra pits. Thiab dhau sijhawm, cov kws ntaus nkauj tau pib nyob rau ntawd. Thiab lub npe "orchestra" tau mus rau pawg neeg ua yeeb yam.

Type of orchestras:

• Symphonic.
• String.
• cua.
• Jazz.
• Ntau yam.
• Nkauj Ntseeg Vaajtswv.
• Military.
• School.

Cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm ntau hom orchestra yog nruj me ntsis txwv. Symphonicmuaj ib pawg ntawm cov hlua, percussion thiab tooj dag. Cov hlua thiab tooj dag yog tsim los ntawm cov cuab yeej sib xws rau lawv cov npe. Jazz tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv. Lub suab paj nruag muaj xws li cua, hlua, percussion, keyboard thiab hluav taws xob suab paj nruag.

ntau yam hu nkauj

Choir yog ib pawg neeg hu nkauj loj. Yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 12 tus kws ua yeeb yam, feem ntau, cov nkauj hu nkauj ua ke nrog orchestras. Hom orchestras thiab hu nkauj sib txawv. Muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, pawg hu nkauj tau muab faib ua hom raws li lawv cov suab lus. Nws tuaj yeem yog: poj niam, txiv neej, sib xyaw, menyuam yaus, nrog rau cov tub hu nkauj. Raws li kev ua tau zoo, pej xeem thiab kev kawm tau txawv.

Thiab cov nkauj hu nkauj raug cais los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam:

• 12-20 leej - vocal-choir ensemble.
• 20-50 tus kws kos duab - chamber choir.
• 40-70 tus neeg hu nkauj - nruab nrab.
• 70-120 tus tswv cuab - pawg hu nkauj loj.
• Txog 1000 tus kws kos duab - sib sau ua ke (los ntawm ob peb pawg).

Raws li lawv cov xwm txheej, pawg hu nkauj tau muab faib ua: kev kawm, kev tshaj lij, kev nyiam ua haujlwm, pawg ntseeg.

Symphony Orchestra

Tsis yog txhua hom orchestras suav nrog cov hlua khi hlua. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog: violins, cellos, violas, ob chav basses. Ib tug ntawm cov orchestras, uas muaj xws li ib tug hlua-hneev tsev neeg, yog ib tug symphony ib. Nws muaj ntau pawg sib txawv ntawm cov twj paj nruag. Niaj hnub no, muaj ob hom symphony orchestras: me thiab loj. Thawj ntawm lawv muaj cov classical muaj pes tsawg leeg: 2 flutes, tib tus naj npawb ntawm bassoons, clarinets, oboes, trumpets thiab horns, tsis ntau tshaj 20 hlua, qee zaus timpani.

Ib lub suab paj nruag loj tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm txhua qhov kev sau. Nws tuaj yeem suav nrog 60 lossis ntau dua cov twj paj nruag, tubas, txog li 5 trombones ntawm txawv timbres thiab 5 trumpets, mus txog 8 horns, mus txog 5 flutes, nrog rau oboes, clarinets thiab bassoons. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau yam los ntawm cov pab pawg cua xws li oboe d'amore, piccolo flute, contrabassoon, cor anglais, saxophones ntawm txhua hom. Nws tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau cov cuab yeej percussion. Feem ntau ib qho loj symphony orchestra muaj xws li lub cev, piano, harpsichord thiab harp.

Brass band

Xyaum txhua hom orchestras suav nrog tsev neeg ntawm cov twj paj nruag cua. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog ob hom: tooj liab thiab ntoo. Qee hom bands tsuas muaj tooj dag thiab percussion instruments, xws li tooj dag thiab tub rog bands. Nyob rau hauv thawj ntau yam, lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb belongs rau cornets, bugles ntawm ntau hom, tubas, baritone-euphoniums. Cov cuab yeej thib ob: trombones, trumpets, horns, flutes, saxophones, clarinets, oboes, bassoons. Yog hais tias tooj dag band loj, ces, raws li txoj cai, tag nrho cov twj paj nruag nyob rau hauv nws nce nyob rau hauv kom muaj nuj nqis. Tsis tshua muaj harps thiab keyboards yuav raug ntxiv.

Lub repertoire ntawm tooj dag muaj xws li:

• Marches.
• Ballroom European seev cev.
• Opera arias.
• Symphony.
• Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.

Brass bands feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhib kev los yog nrog rau cov txheej txheem, raws li lawv suab muaj zog heev thiab kaj.

Folk Orchestra

Lawv repertoire suav nrog feem ntau cov neeg sau. Lawv instrumental composition yog dab tsi? Txhua haiv neeg muaj nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, ib lub orchestra ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem seev muaj xws li: balalaikas, gusli, domra, zhaleika, xuav, khawm accordions, rattles thiab hais txog.

tub rog

Cov hom orchestras uas muaj cov cuab yeej cua thiab cov twj paj nruag tau teev tseg saum toj no. Muaj lwm yam uas suav nrog ob pawg no. Cov no yog pab tub rog. Lawv ua hauj lwm rau lub suab ua tub rog rituals, solemn ceremonies, raws li zoo raws li mus koom nyob rau hauv concerts. Tub rog bands muaj ob hom. Qee qhov muaj xws li percussion instruments thiab tooj dag instruments. Lawv hu ua homogeneous. Hom thib ob yog cov tub rog sib xyaw ua ke, uas, ntawm lwm yam, suav nrog pawg ntoo.