2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, Nika Turbina paub tias dab tsi yog stanza lossis syllabo-tonic yog, thaum cov paj huam nchuav los ntawm nws tus menyuam daim di ncauj - neeg laus, tu siab, tsis muaj kev paub txog menyuam yaus? Hardly. Yog, nws tsis tas yuav, zoo li Pushkin thaum pib ntawm kev sim poetic. Zoo li lwm tus kws sau paj huam zoo heev. Tab sis lawv yog cov neeg txawj ntse, lawv lub txiaj ntsim tau yug los nrog lawv, tab sis txawm tias lawv tau kawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thiab nws cov cai. Ntxiv mus, peb xav tau nws, "tsis yog geniuses." Yuav kom paj huam mus txog lub nco qab thiab lub siab, ib tug yuav tsum kawm nyeem, perceive, to taub ib tug lyrical ua hauj lwm. Los ntawm cov nkauj peb cia siab tias yuav muaj kev kub ntxhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm lub suab, cov lus, cov duab, cov suab paj nruag, cov ntsiab lus uas tsim kom muaj kev ua suab paj nruag, rau qhov peb qhib cov ntawv sau paj huam. Thiab cov neeg uas nyiam paj huam tiag tiag tsis tuaj yeem tab sis xav paub yuav ua li cas ib qho txuj ci poetic tsim. Dab tsi yog stanza yog tias cov lus zoo tib yam, sau rau hauv cov kab sib haum xeeb thiab cov hlua khi, tuaj yeem kov cov hlua sab hauv ntawm tus ntsuj plig? Thiab cov lus ntawm paj huam yog kab tias yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm cov lus muaj nyob, thiab ib tus yuav tsum kawm kom nkag siab nws. Tab sis li cas?
paj huam "ua" li cas?
Kev puas siab ntsws niaj hnub yog qhov feem ntaunyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo paub txog ib qho dej num uas tsim nyog rau qhov uas tau nqis peev rau hauv cov khoom hauv kev kawm. Yog hais tias qhov no yog li ntawd, ces los ntawm tus neeg tau txais kev pab (tus uas pom), cov paj huam yuav tsum muaj tib lub tswv yim ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tswv yim thiab lub active kev koom tes ntawm tus cwj pwm txawv, raws li zoo raws li los ntawm lawv creator. Nws hloov tawm tias yog koj xav nkag siab txog paj huam, koj yuav tsum sim sau paj huam koj tus kheej. Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum paub los ntawm dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas "verses yog ua", dab tsi ib stanza, rhyme, atherosclerosis thiab lwm yam subtleties ntawm "pauv" yog dab tsi. Los ntawm txoj kev, qee hom stanzas, zoo li cov paj huam lawv tus kheej, muaj cov kws sau ntawv, uas yog, lawv tau tsim tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam. Hauv cov ntawv nyeem, Spencer stanza, Byron octave, Onegin stanza, thiab tercet paub. Hauv txhua lub npe, tshwj tsis yog lub xeem kawg, lub npe ntawm tus sau tau twv. Tab sis Dante, uas tau tsim lub tercet rau Divine Comedy nyob rau hauv daim ntawv peb paub nws niaj hnub no, tsim nyog rau lub npe. Dante's invention yog ib nqe lus ntawm peb nqe lus (nqe - kab), uas rhyme raws li lub tswv yim: kab 1 thiab 3 rhyme nrog ib leeg, qhov thib ob - los ntawm thawj thiab thib peb ntawm lub stanza tom ntej, ces txhua yam rov qab. Saib piv txwv ntawm zaj paj huam:
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tsis yog tag nrho peb kab stanzas hu ua terts (uas yog lwm lub npe rau tercet). Muaj haiku hauv Japanese paj huam. Nws kuj muaj peb kab, tab sis tsis muaj rhyme. Ib tug taag naj npawb ntawm kab kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lub octave (8), quatrain (4), distich (2) thiab monostiche (1).
Koj tuaj yeem nqa tus cwj mem
Tau paub tias kab lus yog dab tsi, hom kab lus dab tsi yog, peb txuas ntxiv peb cov paj huamkev kawm, mastering lub atherosclerosis, qhov ntau thiab tsawg, hom rhymes. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem nqa tus cwj mem. Cia peb hu ib tug cwj mem, ib tug cwj mem-ntsuab, lub computer nas ib tug cwj mem niaj hnub. Nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm! Tsis tshua muaj dab tsi ingenious, tab sis tsawg kawg yog slim thiab sonorous. Muaj tseeb tiag, tom qab kev siv zog ntau heev, koj pib nkag siab txog paj huam nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev sib txawv, kom nkag siab ntau npaum li cas ua hauj lwm lightness thiab simplicity ntawm masterpieces ntawm Pushkin, Tyutchev, Fet nqi … Thiab kuj, tej zaum, koj xav nrhiav ib tug mloog. rau koj thawj zaug, thiab yog li koj nyiam paj huam? Tsis muaj dab tsi ua tsis tau! Vim li cas ho tsis muaj kev sib tw paj huam? Cov kws sau paj huam tshaj plaws ntawm cov qub txeeg qub teg, Tuam Tshoj thaum ub thiab medieval Nyiv tsis xav tias nws txaj muag los sib tw hauv lub nplhaib paj huam. Hauv cov kev sib tw no, kev txawj ntse tau txais txiaj ntsig, cov kws sau paj huam tau koob meej thiab lub sijhawm los qhia lawv txoj kev xav thiab kev xav.
Tsis txhob hais "qhia"!
Ua tiav peb zaj lus qhia luv luv, cia peb rov hais dua nws lub tswv yim tseem ceeb: nws tsis tuaj yeem tshawb pom lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua paj huam yam tsis muaj kev txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim duab kos duab uas lub ntsiab lus no yog embodied - poetic composition (stanza). Yu. Lotman yog txoj cai nyob rau hauv kev sib cav hais tias txawm ib qho yooj yim "schematic piav qhia ntawm cov qauv qauv" qhia ntau rau peb lub originality thiab zoo nkauj ntawm lyrical kab ntau dua li rov hais dua cov lus qhuas txog lawv cov ntse. Tom qab tag nrho, txawm ntau npaum li cas koj hais "halva" (ntawm no "qhia" yog tsim nyog), nws yuav tsis qab zib.
Pom zoo:
Koj tsis tuaj yeem xaj koj lub siab? Ib qho kev xaiv ntawm cov phau ntawv uas cov cim tab tom nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov lus nug hnub nyoog
Lawv hais tias koj tswj tsis tau koj lub siab. Tab sis tus phab ej ntawm cov phau ntawv yeej ib txwm coj cov lus nug nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab sim ua kom tsis lees paub cov axioms. Ib qho kev xaiv ntawm cov phau ntawv uas cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov phau ntawv tawm tsam nrog cov xwm txheej ntawm lub neej thiab nrhiav seb puas muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub siab. Lawv tau dab tsi?
Arab kws sau paj huam txij hnub nyoog nruab nrab mus rau tam sim no. Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, kev zoo nkauj thiab kev txawj ntse, hu nkauj nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm cov kws sau paj huam
Arabic paj huam muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj. Paj huam tsis yog ib daim duab kos duab rau cov neeg Arab thaum ub, tab sis kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev los qhia cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Niaj hnub no, tsuas yog qee tus kws sau paj huam Arab, cov kws sau ntawv ntawm rubai quatrains, tej zaum yuav paub rau ntau tus, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv Arabic thiab paj huam muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj thiab ntau haiv neeg
Txoj lus hais txog kev hlub: ntes cov kab lus, kab lus nyob mus ib txhis hais txog kev hlub, cov lus zoo siab thiab sov so hauv kev hais lus thiab paj huam, txoj hauv kev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hais txog kev hlub
Kev hlub qhia tau ntxim nyiam ntawm ntau tus neeg. Lawv hlub cov neeg uas nrhiav kev sib haum xeeb hauv tus ntsuj plig, los ua ib tug neeg zoo siab tiag tiag. Kev nkag siab ntawm tus kheej txaus los rau tib neeg thaum lawv muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm lawv txoj kev xav. Kev txaus siab los ntawm lub neej tsuas yog ua tau thaum muaj ib tus neeg nyob ze uas koj tuaj yeem qhia koj txoj kev xyiv fab thiab kev tu siab
Cov khoom tsis yog tsuas yog kho kom zoo nkauj xwb! Nws yog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm haiv neeg nws tus kheej qhia thiab ib qhov chaw ntawm kev tshoov siab
Cov kab lus muab cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov khoom dai, nthuav qhia cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib tawm, thiab piav qhia txog Lavxias teb sab ornament. Thaum kawg ntawm tsab xov xwm muaj ib phau ntawv txhais lus uas tso cai rau koj mus nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
