Medvedev Roy Alexandrovich, kws sau ntawv-keeb kwm: biography, tsev neeg, phau ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Roy Medvedev yog ib tus neeg nyiam keeb kwm Lavxias, kws qhia ntawv thiab tshaj tawm. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog lub npe hu ua tus sau ntawm ntau yam kev nom kev tswv biography. Tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm tau ua haujlwm feem ntau ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav xov xwm. Nyob rau hauv lub dissident zog nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, nws sawv cev rau sab laug tis, nyob rau hauv lub lig 80s thiab thaum ntxov 90s nws yog ib tug deputy ntawm lub Supreme Council. Nws yog ib tug kws kho mob ntawm pedagogical sciences, nws tus kwv ntxaib yog ib tug txawj ntse gerontologist.

Roy Medvedev yug hauv 1925. Nws yug los hauv Tiflis, ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Georgia niaj hnub. Roy Medvedev tau txais nws lub npe txawv txawv hauv kev hwm ntawm Manabendra Roy, uas yog ib tug communist los ntawm Is Nrias teb, nrov nyob rau hauv 1920s, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Indian Communist Party thiab ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm lub Comintern.

Leej txiv ntawm tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm yog tub ceev xwm tub rog ntawm Red Army, thiab tom qab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm thiab kev hais lus hauvMilitary-Political Academy.

Roy Medvedev tsev neeg tau ntsib qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag thaum xyoo 1938 nws txiv raug ntes thiab raug kaw rau yim xyoo hauv tsev lojcuj nrog txoj cai sib tham. Xyoo 1941 nws tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 40 xyoo. Raws li tus kws sau keeb kwm yav dhau los nco qab, kev hais lus rau nws txiv tau sau rau hauv nws lub cim xeeb mus ib txhis, cuam tshuam rau nws lub neej.

Kev Kawm

Xyoo 1943 nws kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv raws li ib tug tub kawm ntawv sab nraud, thiab tam sim ntawd tom qab ntawd nws raug hu mus ua tub rog uas tsis yog tub rog. Txog rau xyoo 1946, nws tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Transcaucasian Tub Rog Cheeb Tsam, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm hauv pab pawg ntawm kev txhawb nqa logistics. Tshwj xeeb, kuv yuav tsum tau nrog kev tiv thaiv huab cua thiab kev sib txuas lus kev tsheb ciav hlau, thiab kho cov cuab yeej siv.

Tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog nws nkag mus rau Leningrad State University. Ib daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm ib tug kawm tiav ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philosophy tau muab tsub rau Roy Aleksandrovich Medvedev nyob rau hauv 1951. Tag nrho lub sij hawm no nws yog tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Komsomol committee ntawm nws cov kws qhia ntawv.

Xyoo 1958 nws tiv thaiv nws cov lus tshaj tawm txog kev tsim khoom ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab hauv kev lag luam. Lub degree ntawm tus neeg sib tw ntawm pedagogical sciences nws tau txais nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub Moscow State pedagogical lub koom haum.

Kev ua haujlwm

Los ntawm 1951 txog 1954 nws qhia keeb kwm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv cheeb tsam Sverdlovsk. Tom qab ntawd, kom txog rau thaum 1957, nws ua hauj lwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm "seven-xyoo txoj kev npaj" nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad cheeb tsam. Txij li xyoo 1958, nws pib ua haujlwm ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Uchpedgiz lub tsev tshaj tawm.

Txij thaum xyoo 60s, keeb kwm Roy Medvedev -Senior Researcher ntawm Academy of Pedagogical Sciences. Nws tseem nyob hauv txoj haujlwm no mus txog xyoo 1970, thiab tom qab ntawd nws raug suav hais tias yog tus kws tshawb fawb dawb.

Koom nrog CPSU

Tom qab lub rooj sib tham tseem ceeb XX ntawm CPSU, ua raws li kev kho dua tshiab ntawm Leej Txiv Medvedev, tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm koom nrog pawg ntseeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txij thaum pib ntawm 60s, nws tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam tawm tsam.

Tshwj xeeb, nws kho ntau yam kev tshaj tawm samizdat. Ntawm lawv yog cov almanac "XX caug xyoo" thiab cov ntawv xov xwm "Political Diary". Xyoo 1969, nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm pawg neeg tom qab sau phau ntawv "Rau Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Keeb Kwm", uas tau mob siab rau rau lub sijhawm muaj kev ntshai loj heev hauv USSR.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1970, nrog rau Academician Sakharov thiab Soviet cyberneticist thiab physicist Valentin Turchin, nws tau koom nrog hauv kev tshaj tawm tsab ntawv qhib rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet Union. Hauv nws, cov kws tshawb fawb hu rau qhov xav tau tam sim ntawd pib kev ywj pheej ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke hauv lub tebchaws.

Kev tawm tsam

Raws li cov memoirs ntawm Medvedev nws tus kheej, xyoo 1971, tom qab tag nrho cov xwm txheej no, nws yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm tab tom pib qhia kev txaus siab rau nws. Tus kws tshawb fawb lub tsev tau tshawb nrhiav, thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg. Nws raug xa mus rau tus kws lij choj lub chaw haujlwm.

Nws txiav txim siab tsis mus qhov ntawd, tab sis nws yuav tawm hauv Moscow mus txog thaum nws cov phau ntawv tau tshaj tawm hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Tom qab ntawd, rau qee lub sijhawm nws tau nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tsis raug cai hauv cov xeev B altic. Tus hero ntawm pebtsab xov xwm lees tias thaum nws rov qab mus rau Moscow tom qab qee lub sijhawm, tsis muaj leej twg hu nws rau kev nug. Cov tub ceev xwm tsis nco qab txog nws yuav luag txog thaum Brezhnev txoj kev tuag.

Txoj hmoo ntawm tus kwv

Txoj hmoo ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev neeg tsis yooj yim. Yog tias Roy tsis tau kov tiag tiag, ces nws tus tij laug Zhores raug kev tsim txom tag nrho.

Nws raug rho tawm haujlwm hauv xyoo 1969 tom qab tshaj tawm phau ntawv "The Rise and Fall of Lysenko" nyob rau sab hnub poob. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws sim taug qab cov keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm biological kev qhia nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv ob peb lub xyoo dhau los. Nws thuam thuam kev puas tsuaj ntawm noob caj noob ces, kev tua neeg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb zoo, cov uas yog Vavilov.

Nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv tom ntej, "Secret of Correspondence Protected by Law" thiab "International Cooperation of Scientists and National Borders", nws thuam cov kev txwv nyob rau hauv Soviet scientific zej zog hais txog kev mus txawv tebchaws, nrog rau censorship rau phau ntawv twg, cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv xa tuaj, uas nws tau txais los ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Xyoo 1970, nws raug yuam kom tso rau hauv tsev kho mob puas siab puas ntsws hauv cheeb tsam Kaluga, tab sis tsis ntev tau raug tso tawm tom qab muaj kev npau taws rau pej xeem. Cov xwm txheej no tau piav qhia los ntawm nws hauv phau ntawv "Leej twg vwm", co-author los ntawm nws tus kwv.

Medvedev qhov chaw

Roy Medvedev cov phau ntawv sai sai kuj tau nrov nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv samizdat thiab txawv teb chaws. Cov khoom muag tiag tiag yog cov haujlwm "Lawv ncig Stalin" thiab "Rau lub tsev hais plaubkeeb kwm".

Xyoo 1989, nws tau rov qab los hauv Pawg Neeg Communist nrog kev khaws cia cov laus txij li xyoo 1959. Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov kev pib thaum lub sijhawm ntawd los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm kev tshaj tawm, Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev, uas tau suav tias yog tus kws tshaj lij ntawm perestroika.

Mus txog rau xyoo 1992, Medvedev yog ib tus neeg sawv cev, tus tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Sab Laj. Tshwj xeeb, nws tau tawm tswv yim rau tsab cai tshaj tawm ntawm qhov hu ua "Secret Protocols". Qhov no yog ib qho kev cai ntxiv uas tau xaus los ntawm USSR thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees rau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev ua phem nyob rau hauv ua ntej ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II.

Thaum lub tebchaws Soviet poob lawm, Medvedev tau pom los ntawm ntau tus uas yog ib tus thawj coj muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txav mus rau kev ywj pheej socialism. Txij li thaum xyoo 1991, nws tau ua ib tus thawj coj ntawm Socialist Party of Workers ntawm Lavxias Federation. Nws yog ib ntawm cov neeg uas tau thuam ob lub Xeev Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Xwm Ceev thiab cov cai ntawm Boris Yeltsin.

Tam sim no Medvedev muaj 92 xyoo thiab nyob hauv Moscow. Nws tus tij laug Zhores kuj tseem ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 2007 thiab 2008 nws luam tawm ib tug series ntawm cov lus hais txog kev tuag ntawm Alexander Litvinenko.

Publications

Medvedev qhov kev tshawb nrhiav xov xwm tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws luam tawm txog 35 phau ntawv ntawm kev qhia, keeb kwm, kev coj noj coj ua, kev xav, thiab kev thuam kev sau ntawv.

Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm nws qhov kev tshawb nrhiav yog ib qho ntawm nws cov haujlwm tshiab kawg - "Lub Soviet Union. Lub xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej." Roy Medvedev tau sau nws hauv 2010. Nov yog kev kawm ntxaws uas tau pib los ntawm tus sau rov qab rau xyoo 1991.

Nws yog ua raws li ntau qhov kev nco txog ntawm cov neeg koom nrog cov xwm txheej thiab cov ntaub ntawv, nws tus kheej kev xav, kev xam phaj thiab kev sib tham uas Medvedev muaj nrog cov duab tseem ceeb ntawm xyoo ntawd. Rau qee tus, phau ntawv no zoo li kev nom kev tswv biography ntawm Gorbachev. Ib qho ntawm nws cov tswv yim tseem ceeb yog qhov kev xav hais tias kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev nom kev tswv ntawm USSR tau coj mus rau pem hauv ntej ib tus neeg ua nom ua tswv uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tus thawj coj. Vim li ntawd, qhov no ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev nom kev tswv.

Nws txoj hauj lwm tshiab txog tam sim no yog phau ntawv 2014 "Putin's Time". Nyob rau hauv nws, nws zoo tshuaj xyuas yuav luag ib xyoo caum thiab ib nrab ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm tus tshiab Lavxias teb sab thawj tswj hwm, uas tau sawv mus rau lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv ib tug nyuaj lub sij hawm.