Rasul Gamzatov: biography, creativity, tsev neeg, duab thiab quotes

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus kws sau paj huam Avar nto moo ntawm lub sijhawm Soviet Rasul Gamzatov yug hauv 1923, thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 8, hauv Tsada (qhov no yog lub zos hauv cheeb tsam Khunzakh ntawm Dagestan ASSR). Nws txiv, Gamzat Tsadasy, yog ib tug kws sau paj huam ntawm nws haiv neeg lub tebchaws, tus neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm Lub Xeev Txiaj Ntsim ntawm Soviet Union, thiab nws niam, Khandulay Gaidarbekgadzhievna Gamzatova (1888-1965), yog ib tug poj niam Asian yooj yim, ib tus neeg ua tsev.

xyoo kawm ntawv

Zoo li txhua tus menyuam yaus hauv tebchaws Soviet, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 7 xyoo, uas yog, xyoo 1930, Rasul Gamzatov tau mus kawm hauv tsev kawm theem nrab ntawm Araninsk, nws yog ib tus tub ntxhais kawm uas mob siab rau, txawj ntse thiab xav paub ntau ntxiv. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam mloog nws txiv cov dab neeg hais txog tus naas ej hero Shamil, uas tau txais yim qhov txhab nyob rau hauv lub siab, txuas ntxiv mus. Nws muaj peev xwm txiav tus neeg caij nrog tus nees ntawm lub taub hau mus rau ntiv taw nrog ib lub tshuab ntawm nws saber. Tsis tas li ntawd, Rasul tau mloog nrog kev txaus siab rau zaj dab neeg ntawm lub siab tawv naib Hadji Murad. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau txhais Leo Tolstoy cov paj huam txog tus hero rau hauv nws hom lus. Lwm tus nyiam heroes ntawm yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug yog lub legendary Khochbar thiab zoo nraug Chokh Kamalil Bashir. Tag nrho cov no yog vimtias haiv neeg ntawm Rasul Gamzatov yog Avar, thiab nws txaus siab rau tag nrho cov dab neeg uas tau qhia txog lub neej yav dhau los ntawm nws cov neeg. Nws kuj nyiam mloog cov nkauj nrog cov lus sau los ntawm tus legendary love singer Mahmud. Nws paub txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov neeg ncaj ncees los ntawm cov dab neeg no. Thiab me me Rasul yeej nyiam mloog cov paj huam sau los ntawm nws txiv. Tsis ntev nws thiaj kawm tau lawv lub siab.

Rasul Gamzatov. Biography: thawj kauj ruam raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug

Thaum tus tub hluas muaj 9 xyoos, nws sau nws thawj zaj paj huam. Txij hnub ntawd los, cov kab hauv qab nws tus cwj mem ntws zoo li los ntawm cornucopia. Lawv tau hais txog nws lub tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm muaj, hais txog cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm, txog cov kws qhia ntawv, thiab lwm yam thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 xyoos (thaum ntawd Rasul Gamzatov nyuam qhuav tsiv mus rau qib 7) hauv ib qho ntawm Avar cov ntawv xov xwm, uas yog, hauv Bolshevik Gory, lawv luam tawm ib qho ntawm nws. paj huam. Tus kws sau ntawv paub zoo Rajab Dinmagomayev, tus neeg sib tw ntawm Gamzatovs, tau sau ntawv qhuas txog txoj haujlwm no. Tom qab ntawd, Rasul tau txuas ntxiv mus rau ntau yam kev tshaj tawm ntawm cheeb tsam Khunzakh, hauv cov ntawv xov xwm hauv nroog Buynaksk, nrog rau cov koom pheej ywj pheej txhua lub lim tiam Bolshevik Gory. Txij li thaum tus tub hluas tsis muaj nws tus kheej pseudonym, nws kos npe nrog lub tswv yim lub npe ntawm nws txiv - Tsadas. Tab sis muaj ib hnub ib tug grey-haired mountaineer qhia nws nws surprise ntawm qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv nws txiv lub style. Thiab kom tsis txhob totaub nrog Tsadas, nws tau muab lub npe ntawm nws poj koob yawm txwv los ua ib tug pseudonym. Tam sim no nws yog ib tug tub hluas Avar kws sau paj lug, uas yug lub npe Rasul Gamzatov.

Youth

Tom qab kawm tiav qib 8 hauv tsev kawm theem nrab, yav tom ntej tus kws sau paj huam nto moo thov rau Avar Pedagogical College hauv nroog Buynaksk. Tom qab 2 xyoos, nws rov qab los ua tus kws qhia ntawv rau nws lub tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm muaj. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, nws tau koom nrog Avar State Theatre ua tus pabcuam thawj coj, thiab tom qab ntawd tau txais txoj haujlwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam tsev hauv Dagestan cov ntawv xov xwm Bolshevik Gory, qhov chaw nws kuj ua haujlwm ua nws tus neeg sau xov xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj hmoo coj nws mus rau hauv xov tooj cua Dagestan, thiab rau qee lub sijhawm nws yog tus kws tshaj tawm xov xwm.

Moscow

Tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, uas nws poob nws cov kwv tij, Rasul Gamzatov tsiv mus rau Moscow mus kawm hauv Moscow Literary Institute. M. Gorky. Nws tau qhia kom ua cov kauj ruam no los ntawm Lak kws sau paj huam Effendi Kapiev, uas tau hnov nws cov paj huam txhais ua lus Lavxias, tau ntxim nyiam los ntawm cov txuj ci ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Avar. Los ntawm txoj kev, txawm tias ua ntej tsiv mus rau Moscow, tus tub hluas yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum sau ntawv ntawm lub USSR. Gamzatov kev paub txog Lavxias teb sab ntau tshaj qhov tsis txaus rau kev nkag mus rau lub koom haum sau ntawv, tab sis tus thawj coj, Fyodor Vasilyevich Gladkov, nyiam cov kev txhais lus ntawm nws cov paj huam heev uas nws tsis quav ntsej txog ntau yam yuam kev los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv kev sau ntawv, sau nws hauv cov ntawv sau. cov tub ntxhais kawm txais. Tej zaum nws twb muaj lub ntsiab lus hais tias yav tom ntej tus kws sau paj huam nto moo tau sawv ntawm nws xub ntiag, thiab tsis yog hauv nws lub tebchaws xwb. Tseeb, xyoo tom qab, thoob plaws hauv lub USSR lawv paub leej twg Rasul Gamzatov. Nws biography ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb no yog qhov pib ntawm nws txoj kev ua haujlwm raws li kev sau ntawv hauv USSR.

Study at the Institute. M. Gorky

Ntawm no, ntawm lub koom haum, ib tug hluas Avar nrhiav tau ntau yam tshiab. Paj huam qhib rau nws nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb tshiab. Tau txais ntau thiab ntau paub txog cov hauj lwm ntawm ntau yam Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws sau ntawv, txhua zaus nws poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog ib tug los yog lwm yam. Ntawm nws cov nyiam yog Blok, Yesenin, Bagritsky, Mayakovsky, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Pushkin, Nekrasov, Lermontov, thiab los ntawm txawv teb chaws tej hauj lwm Heine yog heev ze rau nws. Nyob rau hauv 1950, tus kws sau paj lug Rasul Gamzatov kawm tiav los ntawm lub koom haum. Tom qab ntawd nws hais tias cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob rau nws thiab ntawm nws txoj haujlwm.

Kev ua ub no rau pej xeem thiab lub xeev khoom plig

Tom qab Rasul Gamzatov tau txais nws txoj kev kawm qib siab hauv Moscow tsev kawm ntawv nyeem thiab rov qab mus rau nws haiv neeg Dagestan, nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Union of Writers of the Autonomous Republic. Nws tuav txoj haujlwm no tau 53 xyoos, txog thaum nws tuag hauv 2003. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau raug xaiv thawj tus thawj coj, thiab tom qab ntawd tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Dagestan Autonomous Soviet koom pheej, thiab tom qab ntawd, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm txhua lub tebchaws. Nws kuj yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm cov thawj tswj hwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj xws li Novy Mir thiab Kev Phooj Ywg ntawm Tib Neeg (cov ntawv xov xwm), Lus Askiv thiab Literaturnaya Gazeta, thiab lwm yam.

Rasul Gamzatov lub neej tsis khoom ntau: nws tsis tu ncua los ntawm Dagestan mus rau Moscow, mus ncig ntau, ntsib cov kiv cua ntawm nws cov txuj ci, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws ib txwm xav txog kev saib xyuas thiab saib xyuas hauv lub xeev. Nws tuaj yeem hu ua minion ntawm txoj hmoo. Nyob rau xyoo ntawd, lub xeev tau muab cov neeg txawj ntsekos duab ntau yam khoom plig thiab khoom plig medals thiab xaj. Gamzatov yog ib tug tau txais Orders of Lenin (plaub zaug), Order of the October Revolution, Friendship of People, and others. Ua ntej nws tuag hauv 2003, nws tau txais Order of St. Andrew thawj zaug hu los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm V.. Putin.

Rasul Gamzatov - kws sau paj huam

Thaum tseem kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, thawj zaug sau cov paj huam los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Avar nto moo hauv Lavxias tau luam tawm. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau muab txhais ua lus ntawm lwm haiv neeg ntawm lub USSR. Cov kws sau paj lug zoo tshaj plaws yog: "Peb cov roob", "Kuv thaj av", "Xyoo yug", "Lo lus hais txog kuv tus tij laug", "Highlander homeland", "Kuv lub siab nyob rau hauv lub roob", "Dagestan. caij nplooj ntoos hlav”, “Zarema” (1963), “Thiab Lub Hnub Qub Hais Lus rau Lub Hnub Qub”, “Tub Peb Teev”, “Cranes”, “Isle of Women”, “Kuv Dagestan”, “Tswv Kuv Los Ntawm Txoj Cai Kev Hlub”, "Highlander's Constitution" thiab lwm yam. Yuav luag txhua qhov kev sau tau txais qee yam khoom plig hauv xeev. Piv txwv li, rau "Lub Xyoo Ntawm Kuv Yug" tus kws sau paj lug Rasul Gamzatov tau txais lub Xeev nqi zog ntawm USSR, thiab rau "High Stars" - Lenin nqi zog.

Sage

Lawv hais tias roob ua rau tib neeg tshwj xeeb. Tej zaum nws yog los ntawm kev nyob ze Vajtswv? Sib cais los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, nyob deb ntawm kev vam meej, tiag tiag sages nyob rau hauv lub roob. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Rasul Gamzatov, nws txoj kev xav tsuas yog ua pa! Lawv muaj ib tug zoo kawg nkaus cov lus uas txawj ntse. Ntawm no, txiav txim: "Lub yeeb koob, tsis txhob, tsis txhob kov cov ciaj sia, … txawm tias lub zog thiab zoo tshaj plaws koj qee zaum tua." Nws yog amazing npaum li cas qhov tob muaj nyob rau hauv no ib kab! Thiab ntawm no yog qhov nws sawv cev rau kev zoo siab: “Kev zoo siab tsis yogdab tsi los ntawm nws tus kheej thaum koj tsis nrhiav nws, kev zoo siab yog lub nroog rov qab los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua lossis rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm cov tshauv."

Nkauj Rasul Gamzatov

Melodies tau sau rau ntau zaj paj huam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Avar. Cov nkauj tau ua los ntawm cov neeg hu nkauj nto moo xws li legendary Anna German, lub ntiaj teb nto moo Galina Vishnevskaya, Iosif Kobzon, Muslim Magomayev, Valery Leontiev, Sofia Rotaru, Vakhtang Kikabidze thiab lwm tus.

Rasul Gamzatov tsev neeg

Tus kws sau ntawv Avar zoo pe hawm nws niam nws txiv tas nws lub neej. Yog lawm, nws txiv yuav yog tus muaj cai tshaj plaws rau nws, tab sis nws muaj kev hlub tshwj xeeb rau nws niam. Lub neej ntawm ib tug poj niam hauv roob tsis yooj yim li, yog li nws tus cwj pwm ntawm nws tau ceev faj. Ntawm no yog ib lo lus los ntawm ib qho ntawm nws tej hauj lwm: "Kuv conjure: saib xyuas koj niam. Cov me nyuam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, saib xyuas koj niam." Nws ua tib zoo saib nws tus pojniam. Tus kws sau paj lug muaj ib tsev neeg loj heev. Thiab raws li kev coj noj coj ua hauv txhua tsev neeg Esxias, nws tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm kev saib xyuas, kev hwm thiab saib xyuas nws tsev neeg. Rasul Gamzatov tus poj niam Patimat yug tau peb tus ntxhais. Nws tsis muaj cuab kav. Yog lawm, thiab cov ntxhais tau muab ntau tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv rau nws thiab tsis yog ib tug tub xeeb ntxwv. Tej zaum nws yog qhov tseeb vim nws tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov poj niam uas nws tus cwj pwm ntawm kev sib deev tsis muaj zog yog kev hwm heev. Nws zoo siab rau lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj, rhiab heev. Ntawm no yog cov kab uas nws tau mob siab rau cov niam: "Tau xyoo, koj tsis muaj hwj chim tshaj ib tug poj niam - thiab, ntawm chav kawm, qhov no tsis yog ib tug zais cia. Rau cov me nyuam, tag nrho cov niam yog zoo nkauj, uas txhais tau tias tsis muaj ib tug dab tuag poj niam!"

Memory

Tus kws sau paj huam Avar tau tuag rau xyoo 2003 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 80 xyoo. Thaum tseem muaj sia nyobnws immortalized nws tus kheej nrog nws tej hauj lwm zoo nkauj. Tsoom fwv ntawm Russia thiab Dagestan tau rov txiav txim siab los tsim cov cim nco txog ntawm Avar zoo ob qho tib si ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Dagestan (muaj ntau cov monuments rau Rasul Gamzatov) thiab thoob plaws hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv 2013, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm Lavxias teb sab Thawj Tswj Hwm Vladimir Putin thiab tus kav nroog ntawm Moscow, ib tug memorial rau tus poj kws sau paj lug tau solemnly qhib nyob rau hauv lub capital.