Khoos phis tawj kos duab: hom, tswvyim, keeb kwm ntawm cov tsos thiab cov piv txwv tiag tiag

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Khoos phis tawj kos duab yog ib hom kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm kev muaj tswv yim, qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj thiab kev kos duab (roj, xim dej thiab acrylic xim, number case) hloov mus rau hauv daim ntawv digital. Qhov no yog ua tiav siv lub computer, kho vajtse interface (cov ntsiav tshuaj duab nrog lub stylus lossis cov ntsiav tshuaj niaj hnub) thiab software (Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, SketchBook lossis Gimp dawb). Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog thawj cov haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab hauv digital bitmap hom. Nyob rau hauv dab tsi industries tau computer kos duab tau ib tug muaj zog foothold? Yuav ua li cas rau cov txheej txheem pleev xim ib txwm?

Creative innovation

Computer art yog ib hom kev muaj tswv yim. Nws yog hais txog ib daim duab kos duab lossis cov duab digital uas tsim los ntawm kev siv tshuab computer. Muablub tswvyim kuj suav nrog cov kev qhuab qhia ib txwm siv uas siv computer. Nws npog computer painting lossis kinetic art (sculptures) nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv sib npaug ntawm kev siv kos duab (computer-aided design, architecture). Txawm li cas los xij, daim duab kos duab niaj hnub no yog computer-generated postmodernism. Daim ntawv qhia txog lub tswv yim no nyob deb heev ntawm cov pob zeb paintings ntawm Pob Zeb Age.

History of Appearance

Keeb kwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kos duab hauv computer tau tshwm sim ua tsaug rau kev hloov pauv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb.

Artists thawj zaug pib sim siv computers hauv 1950s. Thawj qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm computer kos duab "Computer Pictures" tau tuav ntawm Howard Wise Gallery hauv New York. Lwm qhov kev nthuav qhia loj - Cybernetic Serendipity - tau tuav hauv London xyoo 1969 ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Kawm Txuj Ci.

Nyob rau theem no, feem ntau ntawm cov duab kos npe hu ua digital lossis cybernetic yog cov duab thiab hais txog cov duab geometric hauv ntau qhov sib xyaw ua ke. Tam sim no lawv yuav tsis nyiam cov neeg tiam tam sim no, tab sis rau lub sijhawm ntawd lawv tau suav tias yog kev hloov pauv.

1970s

Keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab hauv computer txij li xyoo 1970s nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub teeb cwj mem tau txhim kho nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv. Lub stylus yog tus cwj mem digital uas tso cai rau tus neeg siv txav mus los thiab tso cov khoom ntawm lub khoos phis tawj saib, tso cai rau kev hloov pauv ntau dua. Niaj hnub no lawv feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv tandem nrog digital tus kheejorganizers.

Cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo David Hockney (b. 1937) thiab Richard Hamilton (1922-2011) tau sim cov thev naus laus zis no. Hauv xyoo 1992, Hamilton tau siv Quantel Paintbox system los tswj nws lub 1956 collage.

1980s-1990s

Nyob rau xyoo 1980 thiab 1990, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kos duab hauv computer tuaj yeem kawm hauv qhov chaw sib tham sib, qhov twg tus saib thiab tus kws kos duab nyob ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb tiag thiab virtual. Cov kws ua yeeb yam tau tsom mus rau kev tsim cov duab siv computer software cuab yeej. Tsim los ntawm 1982, Adobe tau tso tawm Adobe Illustrator software yooj yim rau cov kws kos duab.

Qhov no tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb siv los ntawm cov kws kos duab hauv computer. Kev ua cov duab digital nrog cov kev pab cuam xws li Photoshop tau tsim ib tiam tshiab ntawm cov neeg nyiam ua yeeb yam xws li Andreas Gursky (b. 1955) thiab Jeff Wall (b. 1946).

Kev txhim kho hauv cov khoom siv kuj tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam. Ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam hauv xyoo pua 21st siv Apple cov khoom. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov yog iPad thiab kov npo thev naus laus zis, uas ua rau cov duab hauv computer siv tau ntau dua li yav dhau los.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Internet

Internet tau dhau los ua qhov nruab nrab uas cov kws kos duab hauv computer tshaj tawm lawv txoj haujlwm. Cov kws ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem xa lawv cov duab kos rau hauv online galleries lossis luam tawm tus kheej ntawm tus kheej blog lossis lub vev xaib. Lub Ntiaj Teb Wide Web kuj tau tsimCov yam ntxwv sib tham sib uas tau siv los ntawm qee tus kws kos duab los tsim cov kev paub hauv virtual.

Piv txwv li, tus kws kos duab Indian Shilpa Gupta (b.1976) tau caw cov qhua tuaj rau London's Tate Modern. Cov neeg hauv lub khoos phis tawj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub vev xaib ib ntus, xaiv kev ntseeg, thiab tau txais koob hmoov virtual (Blessed Bandwidth, 2003).

Resist Arts

Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kos duab hauv computer thiab cov duab kos duab (thawj duab, duab kos duab thiab duab puab). Cov duab kos duab digital tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim thiab nthuav tawm rau cov neeg tuaj yeem faib nws, uas yog, luam tawm thiab muab ntau ntxiv. Nws yog qhov nrov heev ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm.

Kev kos duab ib txwm siv sijhawm ntev dua, vim li ntawd txhua txoj haujlwm yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Niaj hnub no, ib txwm kos duab tuaj yeem yooj yim digitized. Rau cov duab kos duab hauv computer, cov lus nug tseem nyob ntawm seb tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus kws kos duab puas ploj hauv cov duab kos duab. Kev kos duab hauv computer puas tuaj yeem nthuav qhia tus kws kos duab sab hauv? Cov neeg saib xyuas nyob rau sab ntawm cov duab classical thiab teb cov lus nug hauv qhov tsis zoo.

Cov kws ua yeeb yam niaj hnub tsis pom zoo, hais tias kev kos duab hauv computer yog ib txoj haujlwm txawj ntse uas tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntau xyoo los ua tus tswv. Lawv sib cav hais tias daim ntawv, qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov kev cai ntawm kev kos duab, xws li shading, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lwm yam, yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov duab kos duab, tsis yog cov tsoos xwb. Vim li no, nws puas tseem ceebPuas yog tus kws kos duab tuav lub computer nas lossis pleev xim rau hauv lawv txhais tes? Tsis ntseeg tias kev sib tham yuav txuas ntxiv mus.

Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov duab kos duab hauv computer ua ib qho kos duab tau kov lub neej ntawm txhua tus neeg. Niaj hnub no nws tsis tuaj yeem yuav ib yam dab tsi, tsis yog zaub mov, phau ntawv lossis khoom plig, yam tsis tau ntsib nrog cov duab ua tiav digitally. Cov duab yog luam tawm ntawm lub ntim, phau ntawv npog thiab daim ntawv qhia glossy. Ntawm lwm yam, kev kos duab digital tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, animation thiab gaming industries.

Views

Ntau hom avant-garde kos duab tau tshwm sim hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, suav nrog kev ua yeeb yam (W alt Disney), collage (Brac), junk art (Duchamp), sib dhos (Jean Dubuffet), kev xav (Edward Kienholtz, Yves Klein), kev teeb tsa (Joseph Beuys), kev ua yeeb yam (Allan Kaprow) thiab yees duab kos duab (Andy Warhol, Peter Campus, Bill Viola). Cov duab digital yog qhov hloov pauv vim tias thaum muaj kev txawj ntse loj hlob tuaj, nws nyiam ua tiav kev ywj pheej ywj pheej. Niaj hnub nimno hom kev kos duab hauv computer muaj ntau yam. Cia peb teev lawv thiab piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb.

Computer graphics

Computer graphics raws li daim duab kos duab yog thaj chaw muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam digital. Kev tsim cov duab hauv computer yog tsim los ntawm software tshwj xeeb. Cov duab tuaj yeem muaj los ntawm qhov yooj yim (xws li lub tuam txhab logo) mus rau txoj kev ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tiag tiag nrog cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb. Lawv tau revolutionized lub computer game, zaj duab xis thiab animation industries. Pixar Animation Studios,raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws computer animation studio, muab khoom plig.

Digital Installation Art

Khoos phis tawj thev naus laus zis hauv kev kos duab yog xav tau los tsim cov phiaj xwm loj hauv pej xeem. Qhov no yog qhov projection ntawm cov duab ntawm cov khoom (facade ntawm lub tsev, phab ntsa hauv ib chav) tsim los ntawm lub computer. Feem ntau, "kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab" yog txav tau (lub ntsiab lus nws tuaj yeem hloov mus rau txhua qhov chaw) thiab scalable, object-oriented.

generative kos duab

Generative art txhais tau hais tias cov artwork yog tsim los ntawm ib tug random automated txoj kev, uas yog, ib tug computer program siv ib tug lej algorithm. Ntawm no, ib txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab yog tsim nrog ib qho kev ywj pheej ntawm tus kheej, uas yog, nrog kev txwv tsis pub los ntawm tus kws kos duab.

Tus sau tau teeb tsa cov cai yooj yim hauv cov qauv thiab tom qab ntawd pib txheej txheem random. Lub khoos phis tawj tsim cov duab kos duab thiab kos duab uas tuaj yeem luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv lossis canvas. Tam sim no generative art tab tom tsim los ntawm kev txawj ntse txawj ntse thiab robotic algorithms.

Computer illustration

Digital illustration siv computer software xws li Adobe Illustrator los tsim cov duab kos duab zoo ib yam li cov duab zoo nkauj. Feem ntau, cov duab kos hauv computer yog tsim los ntawm kos, tab sis cov duab thaij duab tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov haujlwm zoo li no. Digital illustration yog nrov hauv kev lag luam zam nrogdesigners tsim lawv layouts.

Digital painting

Cov kev pab cuam pleev xim rau digital yog nruab nrog cov xim palette thiab tsim los ua kom raug mob stroke thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cuab yeej tiag: txhuam, pastels, xaum, charcoal, cwj mem. Tus kws kos duab siv cov tswv yim los tsim cov duab digital ncaj qha rau ntawm lub computer.

Cov kev pab cuam khoov feem ntau rau cov duab kos duab, lawv tso cai rau cov neeg siv los tsim cov txhuam hniav tshiab, sib xyaw cov txuj ci.

Kho daim duab yog ua los ntawm kev hloov lub kaum sab xis ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm lub ntsiav tshuaj lossis lub siab ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm daim duab.

Khoos phis tawj duab dhau los ua kev kos duab thaum tus kws kos duab digital masters cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb hauv nws ib puag ncig, txwv tsis pub cov kev paub zoo ib yam li cov kws kos duab zoo ib yam (kev xav, kev sib xyaw, ua si nrog xim thiab lub teeb).

New Vision

Kev siv cov cuab yeej digital thiab kev pabcuam los tsim kev kos duab tau dhau los ua qhov qub. Nrog cov kos duab digital, lub khoos phis tawj dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub zog muaj tswv yim. Tam sim no cia peb muab cov piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm kev kos duab hauv computer:

1. Scott Snibbe, Falling Girl

Kev sib tham sib tham sib tham txog kev teeb tsa "Falling Girl" tso cai rau tus saib los ua ib feem ntawm zaj dab neeg uas ua raws li qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov qis qis ntawm tus ntxhais hluas los ntawm saum toj ntawm lub skyscraper mus rau hauv av. Tus ntxhais ntog ua rau tib neeg thiab cov xwm txheej los ntawm txhua qhov rais uas nws hla ntawm nws txoj hauv kev. Cov lus ntawm noKev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab yog sib txuas lus hauv txoj kev sib tham, hais txog qhov kev sib tw ntawm peb lub neej thiab qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam.

2. Gilles Tran, "Lub Cuab Yeej"

Niaj hnub nimno Fab Kis 3D tus kws kos duab Gilles Tran, lub npe hu ua Oyonale, tau tsim ib txoj haujlwm hu ua "The Wind Blows", uas lub ntiajteb txawj nqus zoo li ua si nrog cov khoom hauv chav. Nws zoo nkaus li tias tag nrho qhov xwm txheej yog npog los ntawm qhov zoo nkauj thiab tib lub sijhawm txaus ntshai - ua pa ntawm cua. Cov haujlwm tau tsim los ntawm 3D rendering software xws li POV-Ray, Cinema 4D, Poser thiab FinalRender. Ib tus kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm thiab tus tsim qauv tsim nws tus kheej lub ntiaj teb surreal. Nws qhov chaw peb-dimensional nyiam cov neeg saib vim qhov tseeb ntawm daim duab.

3. Pascal Dombis, "Irrational Geometry"

Pascal Dombis tshawb txog qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov pom kev tsis pom kev hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Algorithmic Cheebtsam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws daim duab. Los ntawm txoj kev rov ua dua ntawm cov txheej txheem yooj yim, nws tsim cov duab geometric thiab typographic kos npe. Cov snippet yog reminiscent ntawm ib tug glitch uas tib neeg tau ntsib thaum khiav computer programs. Cov duab evokes ib qho kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis sib xws. Tus neeg saib xyuas xav txog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev tswj xyuas txhua yam thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas software tsis ua haujlwm ua rau.

4. POV-Ray, "Tseem Lub Neej"

Kev kos duab hauv computer zoo li cas tom qab ntau dua 50 xyoo? Ib qho program me hu uaLub Persistence of Vision Raytracer, tseem hu ua POV-Ray, tuaj yeem muab cov lus teb. Qhov no yog tracing software, nws tsim cov duab raws li cov lus piav qhia, tsim cov duab kos duab los ntawm ntau lab thiab billions ntawm cov lej nyuaj.

Txhua tus tuaj yeem kawm paub siv qhov program no, tsis tas yuav muaj kev txawj ntse thiab kev txawj ntse hauv kev kos duab lossis kos duab. Qhov kawg tshwm sim hais rau nws tus kheej. Qhov zoo kawg nkaus zoo ib yam ntawm daim duab kawg rau ib daim duab lossis duab tiag tiag yuav ua rau txhua tus neeg saib nws xav tsis thoob. Nws tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov siv hluav taws xob tracing platform niaj hnub no vim nws yooj yim siv thiab muab cov peev txheej muaj zog rau kev kho cov duab tsim tawm.

Computer lossis digital art tab tom txhim kho sai. Nyob rau theem no, nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog Is Taws Nem, cov tshuab ntse thiab kev siv neeg hlau. Tsis muaj leej twg paub yuav ua li cas ntxiv. Tab sis qhov tseeb tias lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab digital kos duab sib txawv yog qhov tseeb.