Biography ntawm Sergei Dovlatov thiab nws txoj haujlwm
Biography ntawm Sergei Dovlatov thiab nws txoj haujlwm

Video: Biography ntawm Sergei Dovlatov thiab nws txoj haujlwm

Video: Biography ntawm Sergei Dovlatov thiab nws txoj haujlwm
Video: ХОЛОДНАЯ или ГОРЯЧАЯ ЕДА ЧЕЛЛЕНДЖ ! 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Dovlatov Sergey Donatovich yog lub npe nrov hauv Russia thiab txawv teb chaws. Tom qab nws yog tus kws sau ntawv nto moo thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm uas tau ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntawv sau los ntawm nws tau nyeem nrog kev txaus siab los ntawm cov neeg hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Biography Sergei Dovlatov yog keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Lub vicissitudes ntawm tus sau txoj hmoo, nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, yog reflected nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm. Kom paub lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm tus sau lub neej txhais tau tias kom nkag siab cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg sau los ntawm nws.

Biography ntawm Sergei Dovlatov

Biography ntawm Sergei Dovlatov
Biography ntawm Sergei Dovlatov

Dovlatov tus cwj pwm yog ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau cov dab neeg. Tej zaum qhov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog txuam nrog nws ntau yam nrog cov poj niam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg uas paub tus kws sau ntawv zoo sib cav tias ob puas tus poj niam nyob hauv Leningrad, uas feem ntau tau tham txog, tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li qhov tseeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Dovlatov tshuav ntau heev rau nws tus poj niam Elena. Nws yog nws uas tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab pab txhim kho nws txoj haujlwm sau ntawv hauv Asmeskas.

Yees in the USSR

dovlatovsergey donatovich
dovlatovsergey donatovich

Tus sau yav tom ntej yug hauv 1941 hauv Ufa hauv tsev neeg muaj tswv yim. Nws txiv yog tus thawj coj, nws niam yog tus ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam. Tom qab kawg ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, ua ke nrog nws tsev neeg, Dovlatov rov qab mus rau Leningrad. Nws tau mus kawm hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv zos ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Philology, tab sis vim qhov kev kawm tsis zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem kawm tiav. Tom qab ua tub rog, nws rov qab mus rau sab qaum teb lub nroog thiab nkag mus rau cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm kev sau xov xwm ntawm tib lub tsev kawm ntawv. Dovlatov tau koom nrog kev sau xov xwm thiab kev sau ntawv ua ke, tab sis nws cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg tsis tau luam tawm, vim tias lawv muaj qhov tseeb iab ntawm kev muaj tiag. Txhawm rau kom muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm thiab tau txais nyiaj rau nws txoj haujlwm, Dovlatov txiav txim siab tawm hauv Russia. Xyoo 1978 nws tsiv mus rau New York.

Lub neej hauv Asmeskas

dovlatov cov ntaub ntawv
dovlatov cov ntaub ntawv

Txiv mus rau Tebchaws Meskas tso cai rau tus kws sau ntawv paub txog nws cov tswv yim muaj tswv yim. Nws cov phau ntawv tau nrov nrog cov neeg nyeem. Cov ntawv xov xwm Lavxias teb sab New American, uas Dovlatov luam tawm, tau txais ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo. Tus kws sau ntawv tau hais hauv xov tooj cua, luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm loj. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv exile, Dovlatov Sergey Donatovich luam tawm kaum ob phau ntawv. Tsis yog lub luag haujlwm kawg hauv kev sau ntawv zoo ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau ua si los ntawm nws tus poj niam kawg, Elena. Nws siv sijhawm ntau thiab lub zog ntawm nws tus txiv txoj haujlwm. Txawm tias nws txoj kev vam meej hauv Asmeskas, Dovlatov tsis xav tias nws tau ua tiav raws li kev sau ntawv. Hauv nws phau ntawv keeb kwm, nws tau lees paub tias hauv Asmeskas "nws tsis dhau los ua ib tus neeg nplua nuj thiab vam meej."

Dovlatov tuag hauv New York xyoo 1990. Qhov ua rau tuag yog mob plawvua tsis tiav. Nws muaj plaub tug me nyuam los ntawm cov poj niam sib txawv. Tus ntxhais hlob, Ekaterina, yug hauv 1966. Plaub xyoos tom qab ntawd, tus ntxhais thib ob, Maria, yug los. Xyoo 1975, tus ntxhais thib peb ntawm Alexander tau yug los. Xyoo 1984, tus tub Nikolai yug los.

Ua haujlwm los ntawm tus sau

Cov ntawv sau txog keeb kwm ntawm Sergei Dovlatov yog qhov yuav tsum yog tus nyeem ntawv xav nkag siab txog nws cov haujlwm, vim tias muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus autobiographical hauv lawv. Tus sau tau mob siab rau ntau yam tsis yog rau cov ntawv nyeem xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov duab kos rau cov phau ntawv uas nws tau sau, npog thiab cov lus qhia. Philologists ua tib zoo kawm Dovlatov cov lus teb nrog cov tshaj tawm, uas tsis tsuas yog tham txog cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev tso tawm ntawm phau ntawv, tab sis kuj yog cov ntawv lawv tus kheej, lawv cov ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj.

kws sau ntawv Sergey dovlatov
kws sau ntawv Sergey dovlatov

Tus Sau Sergei Dovlatov yog tus sau cov haujlwm zoo li "Reserve", "Zone", "Foreigner", "Suitcase".

"Reserve" yog ib zaj dab neeg raws cov xwm txheej ntawm tus sau lub neej. Lub cim tseem ceeb - Boris Alekhanov - tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub zos Mikhailovskoye raws li ib tug qhia. Phau ntawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Asmeskas xyoo 1983, txawm hais tias qhov kev ntxhib los mos tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib nrab xyoo 70s.

sergey dovlatov hnab
sergey dovlatov hnab

"Zone", raws li cov neeg uas paub tus kws sau ntawv, yog ib qho ntawm nws nyiam ua haujlwm. Dovlatov ua haujlwm rau nws li nees nkaum xyoo. Zaj dab neeg suav nrog kaum plaub zaj dab neeg sib cais, sib sau ua ke los ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus: lub peculiarities ntawm lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas thiab cov neeg raug kaw. Keeb kwm ntawm lub tswvyimntawm phau ntawv no hnub rov qab mus rau lub sij hawm thaum Dovlatov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab guarded lub camp barracks. Phau ntawv tau luam tawm hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv xyoo 1982. Tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum hla ntau tus tshaj tawm kom tso nws. Nws tau hais tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub yeej rog tom qab Solzhenitsyn thiab Shalamov tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam, tab sis Dovlatov tau ua pov thawj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov lus no.

Zaj dab neeg "Neeg txawv teb chaws" tau sau thiab luam tawm xyoo 1986. Lub hom phiaj yog rau cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw Lavxias thiab lawv lub neej hauv New York. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kws sau ntawv cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshaj plaws. Muaj ntau ntawm Dovlatov lub contemporaries hu nws ib tug outright tsis ua hauj lwm. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lawv lub tswv yim, tus sau muaj peev xwm los qhia cov dluab ntawm Lavxias teb sab emigrants, thaum cov ntawv nyeem nws tus kheej zoo li ib tug yeeb yam tsab ntawv ntau tshaj li ib tug sau ntawv. "Tus Neeg txawv tebchaws" tsis yog phau ntawv hais txog Asmeskas, tab sis hais txog ib tus neeg Lavxias nyob hauv lub tebchaws no. Sergei Dovlatov hais tias.

"lub hnab ntim khoom" qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab uas tawm hauv nws lub tebchaws nrog ib lub hnab ntim khoom hauv nws txhais tes. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, nws tau pib muab nws sib cais thiab pom tej yam uas ua rau muaj ntau yam kev nco tsis tau txog. Phau ntawv no tau sau thiab luam tawm xyoo 1986.

Hauv tebchaws Russia, Dovlatov yog tus paub txog cov lus. Ib txhia ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog "Zone" thiab "Suitcase", los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Lavxias teb sab Ministry of Education muaj nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm ib puas phau ntawv uas tau pom zoo rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nyeem lawv tus kheej. Qhov xwm txheej no tshwm sim xyoo 2013.

Reviews of Dovlatov's books

Sergey Dovlatov nrov heev ntawm cov neeg nyeem Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws. Tus kws sau ntawv cov phau ntawv ua rau muaj kev xav zoo hauv lawv. Cov nyeemnco ntsoov tus sau lub peev xwm los nthuav qhia zaj dab neeg nyuaj hauv lub teeb, feem ntau yog daim ntawv ironic. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav tawm lub ntsiab lus yog ua si los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus, ua kom muaj zog thiab nthuav qhia tib lub sijhawm. Qee cov neeg nyeem piv kev nyeem Dovlatov phau ntawv mus rau yav tsaus ntuj kev sib sau nrog lawv cov phooj ywg zoo tshaj ib khob dej tshuaj yej kub.

Cov ntawv sau txog Sergei Dovlatov yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub neej ntawm ib tug txiv neej uas tau ncaim nws lub tebchaws mus nrhiav txoj hmoo zoo dua. Txawm hais tias tus kws sau ntawv tau siv sijhawm ib nrab ntawm nws lub neej hauv Asmeskas, qhov chaw nws tuag thiab raug faus, nws yeej tsis nco qab txog Russia. Txhua phau ntawv yog sau los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv nws haiv neeg, thiab txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab occupies ib tug central qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lawv. Russia, cov neeg uas nyob hauv nws, lawv txoj hmoo nyob hauv tsev thiab nyob rau hauv exile - yog dab tsi Dovlatov sau txog. Cov neeg sau phau ntawv no nyiam cov neeg nyeem txhua lub hnub nyoog. Lawv nyiam los ntawm cov txuj ci ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab nws lub peev xwm los qhia nws cov kev xav hauv daim ntawv yooj yim thiab nkag siab rau txhua tus.

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