Txoj kev kos duab: piav qhia thiab nta

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

lo lus "txoj kev kos duab" txhais li cas hauv cov ntaub ntawv? Dab tsi yog nws cov yam ntxwv txawv? Txoj kev twg uas koj nyiam sau los yog ua raws? Koj puas xav paub qhov txawv cov cim ntawm acmeism? Kab lus no yog rau koj! Nws teeb tsa lub hauv paus uas yuav pab koj muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv qhov chaw sau ntawv loj.

Yuav ua li cas yog txoj kev kos duab?

Nov yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev kos duab. Txhais tau hais tias ib txheej ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav, kev pom ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab kev nkag siab ntawm qee yam los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv. Yog li, ntau yam kev xav hauv cov ntaub ntawv tau tshwm sim. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub zeem muag ntawm qhov kev muaj tiag nyob ib puag ncig nyob ntawm txoj kev twg tus tsim ua raws li.

Adherents of a certain artic (creative) method is united by the idea of ideals, human life, good and evil, thiab art in general. Lawv tsom cov neeg tuaj saib sib txawv, yog li qhov muaj ntau hom kev sau ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, vim lawv txaus siab rau cov kev xav tau ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg sib txawv.kev xav.

Qhov txawv ntawm

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev kos duab yog ntau yam ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, muaj ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus qhia thiab lawv "sib xyaw", nrog rau kev pab los ntawm peb yuav saib txawv ntawm ib yam khoom thiab tshwm sim. Classicism, romanticism, realism, sentimentalism, naturalism, modernism, symbolism, acmeism, futurism, impressionism, expressionism, existentialism, postmodernism yog lub ntsiab tiam sis muaj lawv tus kheej lub zog thiab tus cwj pwm.

Yuav ua li cas kos duab muaj nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv?

Txhua tus kws sau ntawv yeej muaj nws tus kheej tus kheej ntawm kev xav, tsis zoo li lwm tus, tab sis nws cuam tshuam nrog ib qho kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb uas ze rau nws.

Cia peb txav los ntawm cov dav dav mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb thiab saib mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev kos duab tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv, txij li xyoo pua 17th mus txog rau xyoo 20th.

Classical trends of the 17th - 18th centuries

Classicism yog thawj qhov kev sau ntawv uas tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo pua 17th. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees, kev yooj yim ntawm kev nthuav qhia, kev faib kom meej rau hauv cov cim zoo thiab tsis zoo, "peb lub koom haum" - qhov chaw, sijhawm thiab kev ua. Xws li cov kws sau ntawv zoo li J. Racine, M. Lomonosov, G. Derzhavin ua haujlwm hauv cov lus qhia no. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm classicism hauv "Ode ntawm Kev ntes ntawm Khotyn".

J. Rousseau, I. Goethe, N. Karamzin tau sau nyob rau hauv phau ntawv tom ntej - sentimentalism - nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Hauv kev taw qhia no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceebpiav qhia txog lub xeev ntawm tus cwj pwm lub ntiaj teb sab hauv, nws lub siab lub ntsws thiab lub siab dawb paug. Koj tuaj yeem paub cov lus qhia no zoo dua los ntawm kev nyeem "Poor Lisa".

Romanticism tshwm sim thaum tig ntawm 18th-19th centuries. Kev hlub, kev xav, kev ntshaw, kev txom nyem, kev khiav tawm ntawm kev tsim txom kev muaj tiag - tag nrho cov no tau piav qhia zoo kawg nkaus hauv lawv cov haujlwm los ntawm D. Byron, V. Hugo, M. Lermontov. "Dab" yog ib txoj hauj lwm tiag tiag uas yuav muab ib daim duab tag rau koj.

19th century routine

Realism, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, piav qhia txog tus cwj pwm zoo nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej ntawm tus neeg nruab nrab los ntawm cov lus sib tham. Qhov kev taw qhia no tau hnov los ntawm C. Dickens, O. de Balzac, L. Tolstoy, F. Dostoevsky, A. Chekhov, I. Turgenev. "Txiv thiab Tub" yog ib qho tshiab uas qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau tiam neeg thiab lawv txoj kev xav yam tsis muaj kev dag thiab dag, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj tiag.

Naturalism yog ib txoj kev kos duab uas tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Qhov kev taw qhia no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseeb thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj hmoo, lub neej, lub neej txhua hnub, thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov qauv no, xws li M. S altykov-Shchedrin, N. Nekrasov, ntseeg tias tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis tsim nyog rau kev nthuav qhia, txawm tias tib neeg kev paub dhau los yog kos duab tiag tiag. "Leej twg yuav tsum nyob zoo nyob rau hauv Russia" - ib zaj paj huam hais txog qhov tseeb ntawm cov neeg pluag lub neej thiab ib tug nyuaj txoj hmoo - ib tug undeniable sawv cev ntawm naturalism.

Catchy thiab txawv txawv txoj kev qhia txog kev xav XIX - pibXX centuries

Modernism yog ib lub npe zoo rau kev txav xws li kev xav, kev xav, acmeism, futurism, kev nthuav qhia. Kom muaj lub tswv yim txog niaj hnub no, cia peb ua txhua yam lus qhia saum toj no.

• Symbolism tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1870, nws txawv ntawm lwm qhov chaw hauv kev pom kev pom, lub ntsiab lus zais cia ntawm cov khoom thiab qhov tshwm sim, kev siv cov lus nrog ntau lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, Z. Gippus, V. Bryusov, K. Balmont, A. Blok sau nyob rau hauv no nthuav thiab txawv kev coj. "Tsev muag tshuaj, txoj kev, teeb" yog ib zaj paj huam uas tsim nyog nyeem los yog hloov tshiab kom nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub cim.
• Acmeism yog ib txoj kev kos duab ua raws li peb cov neeg sib tw, piv txwv li O. Mandelstam, A. Akhmatova, N. Gumilyov. Tsis muaj qhov tsis meej pem hauv qhov kev taw qhia no, cov lus muaj lub ntsiab lus tseeb, thiab cov duab pom meej; Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub zog ntawm cov lus artistic, cov neeg sau ntawv rov xav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm lub neej, uas muaj qhov tsis zoo. "Tus Vaj Ntxwv Grey-eyed" - koj yuav tsum tau raus koj tus kheej hauv zaj paj huam no kom nkag siab txog lub tswv yim ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no.

• Futurism yog cov kev taw qhia uas cov neeg Lavxias thiab Italian tsim ua haujlwm. Qhov kev coj cwj pwm no tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Kev npau taws, kev txiav txim siab siab tawv thiab tsis yog qauv tsim ntawm paj huam, piv txwv li, tus ntaiv, zoo li tus neeg sawv cev ci ntsa iab ntawm qhov kev taw qhia V. Mayakovsky. Ntxiv rau nws, I. Severyanin, V. Khlebnikov, D. Burliuk tsim thiab rhuav tshem lub tswv yim ntawm classical art nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia no. "Thiab koj ua tau?" -extravagant, txawv txawv, inspiring, kiag li futuristic paj huam.

• Impressionism hauv cov ntaub ntawv tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, cov kws sau ntawv hauv cov lus qhia no tau piav qhia txog kev xav, kev paub thiab kev xav, hloov lub sijhawm ntawm lub neej rau hauv kev kos duab. G. de Maupassant, M. Proust tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog cov neeg sawv cev ci ntsa iab ntawm cov qauv no. "Nyob Zoo Phooj Ywg" yog ib qho kev xav thiab lub teeb ua haujlwm, tom qab nyeem ntawv uas koj yuav tau dhau los ua tus kiv cua ntawm impressionism.
• Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, qhov kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg tau nthuav dav hauv tebchaws Yelemes. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no yog kev tuag, kev puas tsuaj, kev poob, kev ua phem ntawm qhov kev muaj tiag. F. Kafka thiab E. Zamyatin tau qhia meej meej tshaj plaws ntawm cov lus qhia no. "Peb" yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws dystopia ntawm peb haiv neeg, uas tsis ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab, tab sis nthuav tawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus saum toj no ntawm kev nthuav qhia.

Kev pom niaj hnub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txij li nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th

Ntawm lub plawv ntawm existentialism, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv Fabkis, yog cov tswv yim ntawm kev kho siab thiab kev txom nyem ntawm ua, lub insignificance ntawm tib neeg lub tswv yim. J. P. Sartre, A. Camus tau muaj peev xwm ntseeg siab tshaj plaws thiab qhia meej qhov no rau ntawm daim ntawv. "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Zeeg" yog ib phau ntawv uas koj yuav tsis pom muaj kev sib tw ntse hauv zaj dab neeg, tab sis kev sib tham tsis meej thiab txawj ntse yuav ua rau koj poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog kev muaj sia nyob.

Txoj kev niaj hnub tshaj plaws - postmodernism - tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nwsyog qhov txawv ntawm maximalism ntawm kev ua tau zoo, irony thiab tus cwj pwm satirical rau qhov tshwm sim. H. Murakami, V. Nabokov, K. Vonnegut pom lub ntiaj teb no los ntawm ib tug satirical prism. "Slaughterhouse 5" yog sau nyob rau hauv cov kev cai zoo tshaj plaws ntawm postmodernism, nws yuav raus koj mus rau hauv kev xav tob txog tus nqi ntawm lub neej thiab views ntawm nws.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv txav rau tus txiv neej niaj hnub

Lub zog ntawm ib lo lus tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg saib qee yam txawv. Kev nyeem cov ntawv ntawm cov kws sau ntawv uas ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev kos duab sib txawv yuav ua rau koj muaj ntau tus neeg uas tuaj yeem thuam thiab los ntawm ntau lub ces kaum saib txhua qhov xwm txheej.