Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich: biography luv luv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus tub ntawm ob tug kws sau paj huam yog Lev Gumilyov. Biography, tus kheej lub neej thiab keeb kwm ntawm no historian yog txaus siab rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg. Nws yog ib qho zoo kawg li ob qho tib si raws li tus kws tshawb fawb thiab ua tus tub ntawm cov kws sau paj huam zoo. Nov yog ob qho laj thawj tseem ceeb kom paub nws zoo dua.

Gumilyov Lev - Lavxias teb sab historian, ethnologist, kws kho mob ntawm thaj chaw thiab keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb. Nws yog tus sau cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm haiv neeg thiab tib neeg raws li biosocial pawg. Lev Nikolaevich kawm ethnogenesis, nws bioenergy dominant, uas nws hu ua passionarity.

Keeb kwm thiab me nyuam yaus

Lub Kaum Hli 14, 1912, Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov yug hauv Tsarskoe Selo. Nws phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov tseeb tias nws niam nws txiv yog tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias A. A. Akhmatova thiab N. S. Gumilyov. Kev sib yuav ntawm Gumilyovs tau tawg nyob rau hauv 1918, thiab tom qab ntawd tus me nyuam tub nyob nrog nws niam los yog nrog nws pog nyob rau hauv Bezhetsk. Nws paub tias nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Anna Andreevna ib txwm nyuaj. Hauv daim duab hauv qab no - Lev Gumilyov nrog nws niam nws txiv.

Kev cob qhia thiab ntes, koom nrog kev ua rog

Lev Nikolaevich hauv xyoo 1934 nkag mus rau Leningrad State University, kws qhia ntawv keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los xij, twb thaum kawg ntawm thawj chav kawm, nws raug ntes thawj zaug. Tsis ntev Lev Gumilyov raug tso tawm, tab sis nws yeej tsis tswj kom kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 4, xyoo 1938, nws raug ntes dua rau kev koom nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm ua phem. Gumilyov raug txim mus rau 10 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub camps. Tom qab ntawd, nws txoj hmoo tau txo qis. Lev Nikolaevich yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm 5 xyoos hauv Norilsk. Tom qab lub sijhawm no, xyoo 1943, nws tau ua haujlwm ntiav hauv Turukhansk thiab ze Norilsk. Tom qab ntawd Gumilyov mus rau pem hauv ntej. Nws tau tawm tsam raws li ib tug anti-aircraft gunner mus txog thaum yeej. Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich mus txog Berlin nws tus kheej. Cov ntawv luv luv ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb no, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tsis yog tsuas yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ua tiav hauv keeb kwm.

Thawj kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv

Lev Nikolaevich hauv xyoo 1946 dhau qhov kev xeem hauv tsev kawm ntawv raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm sab nraud, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm Oriental ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences, qhov chaw nws kawm hauv tsev kawm tiav. Nws Ph. D. thesis twb tau npaj lawm, tab sis xyoo 1947 tus kws tshawb fawb tau raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub koom haum vim qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm Leningrad thiab Zvezda, tau txais los ntawm Central Committee ntawm CPSU (b). Qhov kev daws teeb meem no tau txiav txim siab ua haujlwm ntawm Anna Andreevna Akhmatova. Txawm tias tag nrho cov teeb meem, Lev Nikolaevich tseem muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv nws cov lus tshaj tawm ua tsaug rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov zej zog tshawb fawb ntawm Leningrad.

Tshiab ntes

Xyoo 1949, L. Gumilyov raug ntes dua. N. Nws phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, muaj ntau ntxiv nrog kev ntes. Nws tsuas yog tso tawm xyoo 1956 thiab tom qab ntawd rov kho dua tshiab. Nws muab tawm tias tsis muaj corpus delicti tau pom hauv Gumilyov qhov kev ua. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Lev Nikolayevich raug ntes 4 zaug. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws yuav tsum tau siv 15 xyoo nyob rau hauv Stalin lub camps.

Gumilyov's doctoral dissertations thiab luam tawm

Rov qab mus rau Leningrad, Gumilyov tau ua haujlwm ib ntus ntawm Hermitage. Nyob rau hauv 1961, nws tau ua tiav kev tiv thaiv nws tus kws kho mob dissertation ntawm lub ncauj lus "Ancient Turks ntawm lub 6th-8th centuries." Tom qab ntawd tus kws tshawb fawb tau raug ntiav ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Geography, nyob rau ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Geography ntawm Leningrad State University. Ntawm no nws tau ua haujlwm txog thaum nws so haujlwm, uas tau tshwm sim xyoo 1986.

Gumilyov Lev tiv thaiv nws thaj chaw kws kho mob kev tshaj tawm hauv xyoo 1974. Txawm li cas los xij, pawg neeg pov thawj tsis pom zoo nws qhov degree. Cov ntawv sau ntawm Gumilyov txoj haujlwm "Ethnogenesis thiab Biosphere ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb" raug txwv tsis pub luam tawm, tab sis nws tau muab faib rau hauv samizdat.

Tsuas yog xyoo 1959 Lev Gumilyov pib tshaj tawm. Nws tsis yog coincidence uas nws biography thiab ua hauj lwm aroused muaj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv scientific voj voog. Nws muaj ntau dua 220 cov haujlwm, suav nrog ntau yam monographs. Nyob rau hauv lub post-Stalin era, lub views ntawm Lev Gumilyov raug thuam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm, tab sis tsis muaj kev tsim txom tawm tsam nws. Tsuas yog thaum ntxov 1980s. qhov ntws ntawm nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau luv luv. Lev Gumilyov yuav tsum tau hais txog qhov teeb meem no rau Central Committee ntawm CPSU. Nws sau ib tsab ntawv txogtxwv tsis pub lawv cov ntawv tshaj tawm. D. S. Likhachev thiab lwm tus neeg keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd txhawb nqa nws.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Lev Gumilyov tau ntsib ntau yam dab neeg hauv nws lub neej. Biography, tsev neeg thiab cov me nyuam - tag nrho cov no txaus siab rau nws cov kiv cua. Peb yuav tsis nyob ntawm tus kheej lub neej ntawm Lev Nikolaevich. Txawm li cas los xij, peb nco ntsoov qhov tseeb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv 1967, Gumilyov sib yuav N. V. Simonovskaya, ib tug artist (xyoo ntawm lub neej - 1920-2004). Nws ntsib nws thaum lub Rau Hli 1966. Cov khub niam txiv nyob ua ke rau 24 xyoo, txog rau thaum Lev Nikolaevich tuag. Raws li lwm tus, qhov kev sib yuav yog qhov zoo tagnrho. Tus poj niam mob siab rau nws tag nrho lub neej rau Gumilyov. Nws tau tso nws lub voj voog qub ntawm cov neeg paub thiab nws txoj haujlwm. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm Lev Nikolayevich kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm nws txoj kev xav tsis muaj menyuam: thaum lub sijhawm nws xaiv yog 46 xyoo, thiab nws tus kheej yog 55.

Kev sib raug zoo nrog Slavophiles thiab nationalists

Gumilyov qhov kev nce siab tshaj plaws hauv kev muaj koob npe tau tshwm sim hauv lub sijhawm tom qab Soviet. Nws cov phau ntawv tau luam tawm hauv cov ntawv loj. Cov kev xav nom tswv ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb no, uas nws tau nthuav tawm hauv xov tooj cua thiab TV, hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, yog ob qho tib si tawm tsam sab hnub poob thiab tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Qhov no ua rau nws daim duab yog lub cim ntawm kev tawm tsam kev ywj pheej. Lev Nikolaevich's thesis hais txog "Slavic-Turkic symbiosis" tau khaws los ntawm Slavophiles thaum tig ntawm 90s. Cov neeg no muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau kev xav ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Horde yoke, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, tsis ntseeg heev. Cov lus hais saum toj no tau raug coj los ntawm Slavophiles ua qhov tseeb rau lub tswv yim tshiab ntawm lub xeev Lavxias. Cov haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg hais lus Turkic uas nyob hauv USSR kuj hu ua Lev Nikolaevich. Rau lawvGumilyov Lev yog ib txoj cai indisputable.

"Kev xav ntawm ethnogenesis" thiab natural sciences

Gumilyov suav tias nws tus kheej "tus kawg Eurasian". Txawm li cas los xij, "kev xav ntawm ethnogenesis" nws tsim zoo li Eurasianism nkaus xwb. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm xws li kev tshawb fawb xws li keeb kwm, kev xav ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev xav. Txawm li cas los xij, Gumilev Lev feem ntau tig mus rau Soviet cov neeg txawj ntse txawj ntse, thiab tsis yog rau cov kwv tij keeb kwm. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, cov txawj ntse txawj ntse tau matured lub txim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union keeb kwm yog ib tug propaganda cuab tam, tsis science, hais tias nws yog dag. Cov keeb kwm hypotheses ntawm Lev Nikolaevich ua rau tsis ntseeg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, vim lawv tsis tau lees paub. Txawm li cas los xij, "kev xav ntawm ethnogenesis" hauv lub qhov muag ntawm Gumilyov cov neeg qhuas tsis poob ntawm qhov no. Lev Nikolayevich txiav txim siab txog keeb kwm los ntawm qhov pom ntawm natural sciences, thiab cov neeg txawj ntse scientific suav tias lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua li tib neeg.

Cov kev cai tseem ceeb ntawm Gumilyov txoj kev xav

Lev Gumilyov tau tsim nws txoj kev xav ntawm qhov kev lees paub tias "cov pab pawg neeg" yog hom kab mob lom neeg. Lawv muaj lub sijhawm ntawm cov hluas, kev loj hlob thiab cov laus. Gumilyov suav nrog cov naj npawb ntawm cov haiv neeg tsis yog tsuas yog haiv neeg ncaj ncees xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yog nom tswv, lees paub thiab txawm tias cov kws tshaj lij. Nws ntseeg hais tias txog 1200-1500 xyoo dhau los ntawm lawv yug mus rau qhov tuag. Raws li lub tswv yim ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov haiv neeg tshiab tshwm sim los ntawm "kev mob siab rau kev thawb", uas yog provoked.hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov chaw. Muaj cov uas "xwb" rau ib leeg, tab sis kuj muaj cov antagonists. Ntxiv nrog rau kev noj qab haus huv, kuj tseem muaj "chimerical", insidious haiv neeg uas parasitize rau cov kab mob ntawm lwm tus. Cov neeg noj qab haus huv, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig thiab "kev saib xyuas neeg mob" thiab txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv no.

Gumilyov tsim nws txoj kev xav, sim nkag siab tias vim li cas nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab qub txeeg qub tes, undulating thiab ceev haiv neeg txheej txheem tau pom nyob rau hauv Great Steppe. Tseeb, lawv feem ntau, ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov, cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv hauv huab cua. Yog li ntawd, rau qee qhov, kev sib txuas toj roob hauv pes thiab ethnos los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb yog qhov ncaj ncees. Txawm li cas los xij, "ethnogenesis txoj kev xav" poob nws qhov kev ntseeg tau los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm Gumilyov qhov kev ua tiav ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm ntuj yam. Lub sij hawm "passionarity", uas belongs rau Lev Nikolaevich, pib coj lub neej ntawm nws tus kheej. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau siv nws los hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm haiv neeg qub. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no lo lus no tsis muaj dab tsi sib xws nrog Gumilev's "kev xav ntawm ethnogenesis".

Lub Rau Hli 15, 1992, Lev Gumilyov tuag hauv St. Petersburg. Biography, tsev neeg thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau luv luv los ntawm peb. Tam sim no koj paub dab tsi ua rau tus tub ntawm ob tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias nrov heev.