Vadim Delaunay, tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias, kws sau ntawv, tus neeg tawm tsam
Vadim Delaunay, tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias, kws sau ntawv, tus neeg tawm tsam

Video: Vadim Delaunay, tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias, kws sau ntawv, tus neeg tawm tsam

Video: Vadim Delaunay, tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias, kws sau ntawv, tus neeg tawm tsam
Video: Vladimir Bukovsky by his contemporaries. 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Vadim Delaunay coj nws tsev neeg tsob ntoo los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Fabkis. Nws cov yawg koob nyob deb - Pierre Delaunay, uas yog ib tug kws kho mob tub rog nyob rau hauv lub corps ntawm Napoleon tus colleague Marshal Davout, tseem nyob rau hauv Russia tom qab kawg ntawm lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1912. Tus niam laus uas paub zoo - Niam Maria, yav dhau los kws sau paj huam thiab ua yeeb yam ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj - Kuzmina-Karavaeva - kuj yog ib tus txheeb ze ntawm Vadim.

Flyleaf ntawm Y. Krokhin phau ntawv “Vadim Delaunay. Souls siab ywj pheej. Ntawm lub flyleaf yog Vadim cov poj koob yawm txwv
Flyleaf ntawm Y. Krokhin phau ntawv “Vadim Delaunay. Souls siab ywj pheej. Ntawm lub flyleaf yog Vadim cov poj koob yawm txwv

Short biography

Zaj dab neeg txog Vadim Delaunay pib thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22, 1947. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Moscow, nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg nrog tob hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm science. Nws txiv, Nikolai Delaunay, yog ib tug kws kho mob, kws kho mob ntawm Physical thiab lej Sciences, thiab nws yawg, Boris Delaunay, yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences, ib tug renowned lej. Vadim tus yawm txiv - Nikolai Delaunay - kuj yog ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab lej. Sergei Sharov-Delaunay, Vadim tus nkauj muam nraug nus, yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb, tus neeg ua haujlwm noj mov thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm sib raug zoo.

Kev cob qhia Vadim Delaunay pib hauv tsev kawm theem siab hauvKadashakh, tom qab ntawd txuas ntxiv ntawm lub tsev kawm lej tshwj xeeb, los ntawm qhov chaw nws tawm mus yam tsis tau ua tiav nws cov kev kawm. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm theem nrab, kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv yav tsaus ntuj.

Xyoo 1965 nws nkag mus rau Lenin Moscow Pedagogical Institute. Nws kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Philological. Nyob ntawd nws pib xav txog kev sau paj huam. Paj huam dhau los ua nws txoj hauj lwm.

Txij xyoo 1966, nws ua haujlwm ywj pheej rau Phau Ntawv Teev Npe. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ua kom paub tseeb tias nws tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog kev ua haujlwm pub dawb raws cai, Vadim mus cuag cov tub ntxhais hluas Moscow cov neeg tawm tsam.

Vadim Delaunay, tus neeg tawm tsam thiab kws sau paj huam
Vadim Delaunay, tus neeg tawm tsam thiab kws sau paj huam

Pib ntawm kev tsis sib haum

Feem ntau rau lo lus nug "Dissident - leej twg yog tus no?" ib qho kev piav qhia nram qab no tias qhov no yog ib tus neeg uas nws txoj kev xav txog kev nom kev tswv txawv txawv ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws uas nws nyob. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tus neeg no nrog cov tub ceev xwm, kev tsim txom, kev tsim txom, thiab kev tsim txom uas cov thawj coj ua tawm tsam nws.

Los ntawm Vadim cov ntawv sau cia nws ua raws li xyoo 1966 nws raug caw mus rau KGB ntawm USSR thiab tau hais kom mus rau Paris. Nyob ntawd nws yuav tsum sau ntaub ntawv thiab sau ib phau ntawv txog Niam Mab Liab. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau nws txoj kev khuv leej rau lub tswv yim ntawm lub Soviet Union. Delaunay tsis kam lees qhov no.

Xyoo 1966, ua ke nrog tus kws sau paj huam Gubanov, Vadim txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub koom haum ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas kws sau paj lug thiab cov kws sau ntawv. Lawv tuaj nrog cov ntawv luv rau nws - SMOG (raws li ib qho version - qhov no yog Lub Zog, Xav, Duab, Qhov tob, raws li lwm tus - Lub Koom Haum HluasGenius).

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Vadim Delaunay tau xa ib tsab ntawv mus rau lub ideological department ntawm lub Central Committee ntawm CPSU. Hauv nws, nws tau teeb tsa cov cai rau kev ua raws cai ntawm nws cov xeeb ntxwv - SMOG. Cov lus no, ntawm lwm yam, ua rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub Komsomol lub koom haum, raws li zoo raws li los ntawm lub koom haum.

Lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1966, nws tau muab tso rau hauv lub tsev kho mob puas siab puas ntsws hauv tsev kho mob tau peb lub lis piam. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tsuas yog ib tus neeg txawv txav tuaj yeem tshaj tawm pej xeem nyeem paj huam thiab tsim cov koom haum tsis raug cai.

Xyoo 1980, Paris: ntawm kev tawm tsam-khiav ntawm Soviet Embassy. Vadim thiab V. Bukovsky
Xyoo 1980, Paris: ntawm kev tawm tsam-khiav ntawm Soviet Embassy. Vadim thiab V. Bukovsky

Thawj raug ntes

Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 1967, Vadim Delaunay tau koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv cov neeg tawm tsam Y. Ginzburg, V. Galanovsky, A. Dobrovolsky, V. Dashkova, A. Ginzburg ntawm Pushkin Square hauv Moscow. Nws cov neeg koom kuj tau tawm tsam tsab xov xwm 70 ntawm Txoj Cai Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Cai ntawm RSFSR, uas tau txiav txim rau txim rau kev ua txhaum cai rau pej xeem thiab hais lus thuam.

Rau kev koom tes hauv qhov kev txiav txim no, Vadim Delaunay raug ntes. Nws tau raug muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw raug kaw ua ntej ntawm lub tsev loj cuj Lefortovo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev sim, raug tshem tawm cov kab lus, tom qab ntawd nws raug tso tawm ntawm kev saib xyuas.

Txiv mus rau Novosibirsk

Lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1967, Vadim Deloni tawm mus rau lub nroog Novosibirsk. Nyob ntawd, vim hais tias nws yawg tus phooj ywg, Academician A. Aleksandrov, tau pab nws, nws tau mus rau Novosibirsk State University. Nws kawm nyob rau hauv Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Linguistics. Tab sis nws tsis qhia kev cia siab rau kev paub, nws txuas ntxiv kev sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm USSR. Txog lub sijhawm ntawd, Vadim tau hais tias qhov kev tshwm sim zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm yog kev hais kwv txhiajA. Galich, tom qab uas nws tau sau ib zaj paj huam zoo siab rau tus neeg hu nkauj ("Peb raug kev txom nyem …").

Vadim cov dej num tsis mus unnoticed. Cov ntawv xov xwm Vecherniy Novosibirsk tau luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm uas Delaunay tau tshaj tawm tawm tsam Soviet. Qhov no ua rau nws tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv xyoo 1968.

Vadim Delaunay, 1972
Vadim Delaunay, 1972

Rov qab mus rau Moscow, "Kev Qhia ntawm Xya"

Tom qab Vadim Delaunay tawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, nws rov qab mus rau Moscow, qhov chaw nws txuas ntxiv nws cov kev tawm tsam.

Yog li ntawd, thaum lub Yim Hli 25, 1968, nws tau koom nrog lub npe hu ua Demonstration of the Xya. Nws tau tsim los ntawm ib pawg ntawm 8 tus neeg ntawm Red Square hauv Moscow. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los nthuav tawm kev tawm tsam tawm tsam kev coj cov tub rog Soviet mus rau hauv Czechoslovakia los tawm tsam kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tom qab hu ua "Prague Spring".

Lub rooj sib tham tau zaum hauv thiab tau tshwm sim ze ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm hauv av ntawm Red Square. Nws tau tuav los ntawm 8 tus neeg: K. Babitsky; T. Baeva; L. Bogoraz; N. Gorbanevskaya; V. Delone; V. Dremlyuga; P. Litvinov; V. Feinberg. Lawv unfurled slogans thov kom invaded pab tub rog raug txim thiab hais tias cov raug ntes cov thawj coj ntawm lub Czech tawm tsam yuav tsum tau muaj kev ywj pheej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshwm sim tsis kav ntev, ob peb feeb nws cov neeg koom raug ntes thiab coj mus rau tub ceev xwm. Tom qab ntawd, tib neeg txoj cai activists tau thov tias qhov kev txiav txim no, dav dav hu ua "Kev Qhia ntawm Xya", yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.

Thaum lub Kaum Hlis 1968, Vadim Delaunay raug txim rau 2 xyoos thiab 10 lub hlis hauv ib lub chaw pw hav zoov rau kev koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Red Squarecov lus xaus. Nws thov tsis txhob ua txhaum hauv tsev hais plaub.

Hauv xyoo 2008, txhua tus neeg tawm tsam tau txais kev coj noj coj ua hauv Czech koom pheej.

Lub neej hauv tsev lojcuj

Tom qab ib ntus nyob hauv tsev loj cuj ntawm Krasnaya Presnya, tus neeg ua haujlwm raug xa mus rau qhov chaw ua txhaum cai ITU-2 ("Tyumen 32"). Ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm rau kab lus, Vadim Delaunay tau tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg ua txhaum cai. "Vaj ntxwv ntawm cheeb tsam" - A. Nightingale - muab Vadim nrog patronage. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1972, Delaunay tus kheej tuaj txog hauv Tyumen kom ntsib Nightingale, uas raug tso tawm.

Thaum nyob hauv tsev lojcuj, Vadim tsis txwv nws "kev ua si hauv zej zog". Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug kev hais kwv txhiaj nyob rau hauv 1969, mob siab rau rau hnub ntawm lub Soviet Army, Vadim nyeem paj huam, cov neeg sau ntawv yog A. Galich, V. Vysotsky, Y. Daniel. Qhov no tsis nyob twj ywm yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim, nws raug kaw hauv qhov chaw rau txim, thiab tseem raug txwv tsis pub tuaj koom kev cai dab qhuas. Tus neeg ua haujlwm raug xa mus ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm lumber ua tus thauj khoom. Qhov no ua rau nws mob heev.

Vadim muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg raug kaw. Nws tau pab lawv los ntawm kev sau ntawv, tsis txaus siab, thov kom rov tshuaj xyuas cov xwm txheej. Vadim tsis nyob tsis muaj ntaub ntawv los ntawm "kev ywj pheej". Tau txais cov ntawv thiab pob khoom los ntawm cov phooj ywg. Nws yawg, Academician B. Delaunay, tuaj xyuas nws.

V. Maksimov, A. Galich thiab Vadim Delaunay. Paris, 1977
V. Maksimov, A. Galich thiab Vadim Delaunay. Paris, 1977

Liberation, rov qab mus rau Moscow

Lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1971, Vadim Delaunay raug tso tawm. Tom qab tau txais daim ntawv hla tebchaws, nws rov qab mus rau Moscow, tab sis tseem nyob hauv qabkev saib xyuas ntawm tub ceev xwm thiab KGB ntawm lub USSR. Pib ua ib tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm archaeological expeditions.

Txij thaum xyoo 1972, nws tau ua haujlwm ua lub teeb pom kev hauv Tchaikovsky Concert Hall. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nws tau sib yuav lub npe nrov Moscow human rights activist Irina Belogorodskaya.

Tom qab ntawd, Vadim tau hais rau nws cov ntawv sau tseg tias nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1971 txog 1975 nws tau ntsib cov lus pom zoo los ntawm cov koom haum tub ceev xwm ntawm USSR tias nws yuav tsim nyog nws tawm hauv lub tebchaws, mus txawv tebchaws.

Txhawm rau txhawm rau qhov kev txiav txim siab, raws li Vadim, thaum ntxov 1973 nws tus poj niam Irina raug ntes rau nws txoj kev koom tes hauv Chronicle of Current Events samizdat zog. Nws raug tso tawm tom qab uas tseem tab tom sim.

Vadim Delaunay nrog nws tus poj niam Irina Belogorodskaya
Vadim Delaunay nrog nws tus poj niam Irina Belogorodskaya

Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw

Xyoo 1975, Vadim Delaunay tawm hauv Soviet Union nrog nws tus poj niam. Emigrates rau Fabkis, qhov chaw nws nyob rau hauv lub suburbs ntawm Paris. Txawv teb chaws, nws tsis tawm hauv chav kawm hauv tib neeg txoj cai ua haujlwm. Nws ntsib nrog lwm tus neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm USSR, tshaj tawm nws cov haujlwm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Continent", "Echo", "Lub Sijhawm thiab Peb" thiab lwm yam. Nws sau paj huam nyob rau hauv uas nws nco qab cov hav zoov ze Moscow thiab camp lub neej. Tus neeg paub tsis meej Bukovsky, hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Delone ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, hais tias "hauv nws cov haujlwm ib tus tuaj yeem pom tus ntsuj plig rushing txog, tawg los ntawm cov kab, lawv muaj lub neej nyob thiab lub hlis ntawm kev tsim txom ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Vadim cov paj huam yog. ncaj ncees, muaj kev paub, tsis tau tsim."

Vadim Delaunay tuag rau lub Rau Hli 13, 1983 nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm Paris los ntawm mob plawv tsis ua hauj lwm hauv nws pw tsaug zog. Ntawm qhov ntawdlub sijhawm nws tseem tsis tau muaj 36 xyoo. Delaunay raug faus rau ntawm Vincennes toj ntxas hauv Fontane-sous-Bois.

Tom qab nws tuag, nws ob phau ntawv tau luam tawm hauv Fab Kis: "Portraits in a barbed frame", "Collection of poems, 1965 - 1983". Nyob rau hauv Paris, Lavxias teb sab xav magazine nyob rau hauv 1998 luam tawm Y. Konyukhin zaj dab neeg txog Delon.

Vadim cov haujlwm hauv tebchaws Russia tsuas yog luam tawm xyoo 1989 hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Aurora", "Youth", "Motherland". Ua tsaug rau lawv, nws tau qhia meej meej tias nws yog leej twg - tus neeg tsis pom zoo hauv USSR. Phau ntawv "Portraits nyob rau hauv ib tug barbed ncej", uas tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Omsk los ntawm nws cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg koom tes nrog ib tug ncig ntawm 5,000 daim ntawv, tau dhau los ua ib tug zoo heev bibliographic rarity.

Lub ntxa ntawm Vadim Delaunay
Lub ntxa ntawm Vadim Delaunay

Creative activity

Vadim Delaunay nyiam sau paj huam txij li hnub nyoog 13 xyoos. Nws cov hauj lwm tom qab tau muab faib rau hauv samizdat, qee qhov tau luam tawm txawv teb chaws.

Feem ntau ntawm cov paj huam hauv 60-70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tau raug ntes thaum tshawb nrhiav, qee qhov tsuas yog luam tawm xwb. Tom qab ntawd tus kws sau paj lug sim ua kom lawv rov qab los ntawm kev nco, tab sis ib feem tseem ceeb ploj mus ib txhis.

Cov kws sau paj huam Vadim Delaunay, tsis paub rau ntau tus neeg nyeem, tau paub txog cov neeg tawm tsam, cov phooj ywg zoo, nrog rau qee tus kws sau ntawv tseem ceeb. Yog li, Korney Chukovsky, nyob rau hauv kev sib tham nrog tus lej B. Delaunay, tus kws sau paj huam yawg, tau hais txog nws tej hauj lwm xws li "cov paj huam uas tsis paub qab hau ntawm ib tug tub muaj txiaj ntsim heev."

Kev txawj ntse tiag tiag hauv Vadim cov haujlwm tshwm sim hauv xyoo nyuaj rau nws. Cov paj huam sau nyob rau hauv lub lig 60s thaum ntxov70s, muaj cov metaforms bold heev. Lawv ci ntsa iab, puv nrog kev sib piv tsis tau xav txog, epithets. Cov nkauj ntawm Vadim Delaunay yog suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag, muaj ntau lub suab.

Npog ntawm phau ntawv "Portraits nyob rau hauv ib tug barbed ncej"
Npog ntawm phau ntawv "Portraits nyob rau hauv ib tug barbed ncej"

Portraits in a barbed frame

Thaum nyob hauv Fab Kis, Vadim tau mob siab rau ntau lub sijhawm los ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv "Portraits nyob rau hauv ib lub barbed thav duab", uas tau txais txiaj ntsig Dahl Literary Prize txawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv sau. Nyob rau hauv nws, tus sau tham txog lub neej camps txaus ntshai, ntxiv mus, tsis tsom rau nws. Nws tsom ntsoov rau cov neeg raug kaw vim muaj kev sib tsoo tsis zoo, nrog rau cov neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev cia siab. Raws li cov neeg thuam, Vadim tau ua tiav cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries hauv nws txoj haujlwm.

Tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias paub zoo, tus kws kho, luam tawm cov ntawv sau keeb kwm Zinaida Shakhovskaya, hais hauv nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm txog tus cwj pwm ntawm Vadim Delaunay, sau tseg:

Nws yooj yim rau kev paub txog nws, nws tau saib tag nrho, qhib, huv si, ib txwm muaj tseeb rau nws tus kheej. Kev tu siab nyob rau hauv nws thiab xws li ib tug tsis tshua nco qab ntawm nws tus kheej thiab ib qho kev txhaum rau kev phem spilled thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Vadim txoj kev luag nyav me me qhia txog tus ntsuj plig uas muaj sia nyob - yog vim li cas nws thiaj yooj yim hlub nws.”

Vadim cov paj huam, tsim thaum xyoo ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, tawm hauv kev kho siab thiab tsis muaj dab tsi. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lawv tias tus kws sau paj huam tsis pom kev thaj yeeb, nws pheej xav txog Russia.

Pom zoo: