Azerbaijani kws sau paj huam: npe, biography thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-31 11:49

Azerbaijani cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm los ntawm lub xeev yug los. Cov hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv thaum ntxov siv cov lus ntawm pawg Ogur subgroups: Turkic, Caucasian thiab lwm yam lus. Thaum xub thawj, Azerbaijani cov ntawv nyeem thiab paj huam tsis muaj lawv tus kheej cov lus sau thiab muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov ncauj xwb. Tus progenitor ntawm Azerbaijani cov ntawv nyeem yog qhov heroic epic ntawm tus sau tsis paub txog yawg Korkud.

Phau ntawv ntawm kuv yawm txiv Korkud

Hnub no nyuaj hais tias leej twg yog tus tswv ntawm txoj haujlwm no. Nws tau sau cia nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 9th, thiab pom ib daim ntawv luam tawm tsuas yog los ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th. "Kitabi dede Korkud" yog ib tug complex poetic ua hauj lwm, muaj xws li cov lus qhia thiab 18 tales, muab faib ua ob ntu (Dresden thiab Vatican). Txhua ntu muaj nws tus kheej zaj dab neeg thiab tib lub cim. Nws yog hu ua Azerbaijani version ntawm Homer's Iliad.

Cov cim tseem ceeb yog Oguz Khan Bayandur thiab nwscov tub. Thawj zaj dab neeg yog tag nrho rau kev qhuas ntawm tus thawj coj zoo, nws cov txuj ci thiab lub zog raug hu ua los saum ntuj los. Feem ntau ntawm cov hauj lwm qhia txog cov qauv ntawm Oghuz pab pawg neeg, lawv cov kab lig kev cai thiab pej xeem tales. Cov npe ntawm ntau thaj chaw qub ntawm Azerbaijan kuj tau hais txog: nroog, fortresses, fortifications thiab zos.

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Tus kws sau paj huam uas coj Azerbaijani cov ntawv nyeem mus rau qib tshiab. Ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm oriental style, V-g.webp

Txij thaum yau, tus kws sau paj huam Azerbaijani pib kawm lus. Nws tau paub lus Askiv thiab Persian. Ntxiv nrog rau nws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb, nws tau koom nrog astronomy thiab kawm txog qhov chaw. Vim muaj kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm pej xeem, nws raug yuam kom tawm hauv nws lub nroog thiab tsiv mus rau khanate ntawm Karabakh. Txij li thaum tus kws sau paj lug tau txais kev kawm heev, nws pib qhia thiab qhib nws lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Shusha. Los ntawm 1770, Karabakh Khan Mirza Jamal pom nws thiab coj nws mus ua ib tug vizier.

Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, tus kws sau paj huam thiab kws sau ntawv Azerbaijani tau koom nrog kev tsim kho thiab tu tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, thiab tau mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm zoo. Nyob rau hauv 1797 muaj ib tug tsausmuag hloov ntawm lub hwj chim, thiab tus poj kws sau paj lug raug tua. Nws tso tseg tej cuab yeej cuab tam loj, sau nws lub npe mus ib txhis.

Nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm Azerbaijanitus kws sau paj lug nkag los ua tus khan ntawm cov kws sau paj huam. Hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws tau tsa cov ntsiab lus hais txog kev cia siab ntawm tib neeg qhov xwm txheej, kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov phem.

Vidadi, saib cov siab phem no, Thiab rau lub sijhawm uas maj nrawm mus tom ntej yam tsis muaj qhov kawg, saib!

Txoj hmoo uas tus neeg phem dhuav dhuav rau hauv av, Thiab saib txoj kev npau taws ncaj ncees, saib sab tes xis ntawm tus tsim!

Ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm tus uas nws lub teeb tawm thaum sawv ntxov, Thiab nag hmo kuv ua kev pehawm tus neeg nplawm - saib!

Thiab ntawm lub taub hau khav theeb uas poob rau hauv av

Nws tsis hnav lub kaus mom kub - saib!

Ntawm tus uas txib kuv kom muab tua tsis muaj kev hlub tshua, Saib tus uas muab nws ua ib tug neeg tuag!

Tus shah xav tau plaub tus ntsia hlau rau lub hleb board, Saib tus uas cawm tus kws ntaus hlau dim ntawm kev tuag!

Cia Agha Mohammed ua piv txwv ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, Cov phab ntsa luxurious ntawm lub palace yog khoob - saib!

Tsis txhob saib tus hluas nkauj thiab phooj ywg, tus tub thiab tus ntxhais.

Saib tus tsim tus uas muaj hwjchim loj kawg nkaus li txiv!

O Vagif, ua ntej koj ob lub qhov muag tus Yaj Saub Mohammed, Saib tus uas Vajtswv xaiv thiab tus neeg txawj ntse!

Seid Azim Shirvani

Ib tus kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kaj ntug ntawm Azerbaijani kab lis kev cai, Seyid Azim Shirvani yug rau lub Tsib Hlis 9, 1835 hauv nroog Shamakhi. Nws niam nws txiv yog cov neeg sab ntsuj plig thiab saib xyuas tus menyuam thaum yau. Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau xav txog cov teeb meem hauv ntiaj teb, uas ua rau nws yog tus neeg sib tw ardent ntawm tag nrho Azerbaijani txiv plig. Tus kws sau paj lug tau txais nws txoj kev kawm qib siab hauvBaghdad, tom qab ntawd nws mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws.

Tus kws sau paj huam Azerbaijani paub zoo tau pib nws txoj haujlwm nrog kev tsim lub koom haum sau ntawv "Lub Tsev Dawb Huv", sib sau ua ke nyob ib puag ncig nws cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev kawm ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Ntawm cov hauj lwm yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv classical hom rau sab hnub tuaj: rubai, marsia, kysydy. Nws cov lus piv txwv thiab cov lus qhia tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg niaj hnub: ntau tus kws sau ntawv hauv peb lub sijhawm tseem xav txog nws lawv tus kws qhia. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm nws feem ntau siv satire thiab mob social lom zem. Cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws thiab raug suav hais tias yog: "Dab Ntxwg Nyoog", "Xib Fwb rau Vajtswv", "Lub ntees tuag ntawm tus dev", "Tus Neeg Miser". Cov paj huam Azerbaijani nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab yog dav nrov.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Nws hais, luag hauv nws lub siab:

Kuv npau suav phem.

Tell me "Zoo tav su!"

Zoo, goodbye, Tus neeg ntxim hlub!”

Yog li paub: hauv koj lub tsev

Kuv noj churek hauv kuv pw tsaug zog!"

Nyob hauv kev ntshai heev

Tus neeg siab phem rhais tsev, Nrog tus poj niam ntshai.

Muaj kawm txog Kazi

Hais: Tau tsav kuv tus poj niam mus, Koj yuav yog

Tab sis ua pov thawj ua txhaum!"

O ncaj ncees qazi, Dare in my house

Eat a churek in a dream!

Kuv zam txim tsis tau;

Kuv tus plig raug hluav taws!

Kuv thov Vajtswv rau kuv tus poj niam, Txhua yam zoo li kuv.

Tau tu kuv lub tsev

Zoo tshaj lub tsev fuabtais

Yog li ntawd yog kuv lub ncuavthiab hauv npau suav

Tsis muaj leej twg nrhiav tau!

Lwm yam - ya mus, Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.

Skein! Ntawm no yog vim li cas

Kuv rau txim rau nws!"

Huseyn Abdullah oglu Rasizadeh (Huseyn Javid)

Tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Azerbaijani romanticism. Nws yog ib tug neeg sau ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nrov thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov teeb meem loj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd raug tsa hauv nws tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam ntawm Hussein Javid, ib kab ntawm tib neeg txoj kev ntseeg thiab kev xav txog kev xav txog kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tsov ua rog tuaj yeem taug qab. Nws piav txog qhov kev puas tsuaj uas nws lub tebchaws raug kev txom nyem li "dub ntuj raug txim" thiab "lub suab nrov loj". Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub sijhawm uas nws nyob tau piav qhia hauv cov haujlwm "Dab ntxwg nyoog", "Khayyam", "Siyavush":

Thiab rau tus kws sau paj huam, hnub phem tshaj tau los, Moloch coj nws ua neeg raug tsim txom

Kaw daim ntaub thaiv kev tuag, Tus ntsuj plig nce mus ib txhis pedestal.

Tshuav txoj kev phem, txias Magadan, Koj cov tshauv npog koj haiv neeg Nakhichevan.

Azerbaijani kws sau paj lug yug rau lub Kaum Hlis 24, 1882 hauv Nakhichevan. Kev hlub rau pej xeem kev kos duab tau dhau mus rau nws los ntawm nws yawg, uas, txawm hais tias nws tau koom nrog kev ua liaj ua teb, nws nyiam heev ntawm paj huam. Muaj ntau tus neeg kawm ntawv hauv nws tsev neeg - txhua tus ntawm xya tus kwv tij tau koom nrog kev kawm.

Tus kws sau paj lug yog ib tug ardent revolutionary. Qhov no yog qhov ua rau tuag - tom qab raug ntes, Huseyn Javid raug tua. Tom qab nws tus kheej, nws tau tso tseg ntau yam haujlwm, cov neeg kawm niaj hnub hu nws ua tus kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj. Paj huam los ntawm Azerbaijani kws sau paj lugLavxias tseem nrov heev.

Samed Yusif ogly Vekilov (Samed Vurgun)

Ib tug kws sau paj lug ua hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm Soviet Union. Paub tias yog tus kws sau nkauj ntawm Azerbaijan SSR. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Central Committee ntawm CPSU, thawj Neeg Poet ntawm Azerbaijan thiab tus yeej ntawm ob Stalin Prizes nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau cov hauj lwm "Komsomol Poem", "Riot", "Lost Love" thiab "Galllows".

Nyob ib leeg, Nyob rau hauv lub dab dej, tsis nco qab dab tsi hauv lawv lub siab

muaj chaw tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntawm tus kheej.

Tus sau tau yug hauv Yukhara Salahly (Kazakh cheeb tsam ntawm koom pheej ntawm Azerbaijan). Tus kws sau paj lug poob nws niam thaum ntxov, nws tsuas muaj rau xyoo. Lub sijhawm tu siab no yuav tshwm sim hauv yav tom ntej tej hauj lwm ntawm Samed Vurgun. Tom qab nws tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv nws nkag mus rau hauv lub seminary, ces los ua ib tug xib fwb. Tau ntev nws qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Taug kev mus rau Tebchaws Cuba, qhov chaw uas nws txuas ntxiv koom nrog cov haujlwm muaj tswv yim thiab kev kawm.

Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Samed Vurhun. Ua tsaug rau cov haujlwm ntawm lub ncauj lus no, nws tau txais ntau yam khoom plig, tau txais kev lees paub los ntawm cov neeg Soviet thiab cov tub ceev xwm.

Ramiz Mammadali ogly Rovshan

Tus nto moo tshaj plaws Azerbaijani screenwriter, tus txhais lus thiab sau ntawv ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Nws tsim ntau yam kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sau ntawv, sau ntawv, paj huam. Xyoo 1981 nws tau koom nrog Azerbaijan Unioncov kws sau ntawv, qhov twg nws tseem ua haujlwm rau hnub no. Nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, nws luam tawm tsuas yog ob collections ntawm paj huam: "ua pa" thiab "Lub ntuj tsis tuav ib tug pob zeb." Zoo tshaj plaws hu ua playwright thiab director.

Tus kws sau paj lug yug tom qab tsov rog, xyoo 1946. Tam sim no nws muaj hnub nyoog 71 xyoo, tab sis nws tseem koom nrog kev sib raug zoo. Hauv tsev, nws paub txog nws cov lus txhais. Ua tsaug rau nws, cov neeg hauv Azerbaijan paub txog Yesenin, Mayakovsky thiab Tsvetaeva. Ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab tau ua los ntawm nws tus kheej ua haujlwm.

Kuv tsis tso siab rau tib neeg

Creator - saum cov neeg ua yeeb yam, Tus uas sawv saum txhua qhov kev tuag, Nco ntsoov nco - dua kuv yuav tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb.

Ib qho khoom ua si tawg hauv ntuj txiag teb tsaus

Kuv yuav poob rau hauv nws txhais tes, Nws yuav kho kuv txoj kev ruam-

Thiab kuv yuav hu nkauj dua.

Tus kws sau paj huam Azerbaijani tau koob meej dhau ntawm nws thaj av. Nws cov paj huam yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - tej hauj lwm ntawm Ramiz Rovshan yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub qub USSR, lub teb chaws USA thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Cov paj huam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Azerbaijani hauv Lavxias tau luam tawm ntau yam.