Lezgi kws sau paj lug-ashug Suleiman Stalsky: biography thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Zaj dab neeg txog Suleiman Stalsky, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum yau, yog tag nrho ntawm cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai. Nws yog amazing npaum li cas ib tug me nyuam tub uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nyuaj tej yam kev mob tswj kom muaj kev hlub rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv nws lub siab. Biography ntawm pej xeem Dagestan kws sau paj lug thiab tus tsim ntawm paj huam nyob rau hauv lub Lezgi lus qhia yuav ua li cas lub siab zoo ntawm tus ntsuj plig thiab lub siab dawb paug pab txawm tus neeg coj tus cwj pwm kom tau txais kev lees paub thiab kov lub siab ntawm ntau tus neeg nrog nws txoj haujlwm. Stalsky cov paj huam tseem yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav ntawm pej xeem lub neej ntawm cov neeg Caucasian thaum tig ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries. Leej twg yog tus kws sau paj huam Suleiman Stalsky?

Biography

Suleiman Gasanbekov yug rau lub Tsib Hlis 18, 1869 hauv Dagestan lub zos Ashaga-Stal, nws niam nws txiv yog Lezgins nyob hauv kev txom nyem. Lub hnub yug ntawm yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug yog txawv txawv: muaj kev sib cav nyob rau hauv lub ua ntej ntawm yug, Suleiman txiv tau ntiab nws tus poj niam cev xeeb tub tawm ntawm lub tsev, thiab tus poj niam yuav tsum tau yug nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev teb. NW nyuam qhuav ciaj sia tom qab yug me nyuam niam txawmlawv tsis cia nws nyob ze tus me nyuam: tus me nyuam tau noj los ntawm ib tug neeg nyob ze, thiab tus poj niam tsis muaj hmoo yuav tsum tawm hauv tsev. Tsis ntev nws tuag nrog qee cov neeg nyob hauv tsev, tsis tau pom nws tus tub.

Tseeb, leej txiv txoj kev chim siab rau tus tub tus niam no muaj zog heev, vim nws tseem coj nws tawm ntawm nws tus tub. Txij li thaum muaj plaub xyoos, Suleiman tau ua haujlwm hauv tsev, thiab thaum nws txiv tau sib yuav zaum ob, nws tau los ua ib yam li ib tug tub qhe, "tus tub ua haujlwm".

Thaum muaj kaum ib xyoos, Suleiman tau los ua menyuam ntsuag. Txij li thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 xyoos nws raug yuam los ua ib tus neeg ua haujlwm ntiav, ua haujlwm hauv Derbent, Samarkand, Ganja thiab Baku. Tus kws sau paj huam feem ntau nco qab tias tag nrho nws cov hluas tau dhau los ua nws txoj haujlwm, tab sis muaj ib hnub nws sawv thiab paub tias nws muaj peb caug xyoo lawm. Tsis ntev Suleiman tau sib yuav, nws xaiv ib tug yog tus ntxhais ntawm ib tug ranger los ntawm lub zos nyob sib ze ntawm Orta-Stal.

Thawj creativity

Tag nrho lub sijhawm no, tsis khoom nrog kev ua haujlwm thiab npaj nws lub neej, Suleiman Gasanbekov txawm tsis xav txog paj huam. Tab sis muaj ib hnub ib tug kws sau paj lug Lezgi ashug tuaj rau lub zos uas nws nyob nrog nws tus poj niam. Ashugs yog Caucasian version ntawm minstrel lossis troubadour, uas yog, cov neeg hu nkauj taug kev nrog lawv tus kheej ntawm qee yam cuab yeej yooj yim thiab ua yeeb yam pej xeem.

Rau Suleiman, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm ashug yog qhov kev tshwm sim tiag tiag: nws mam li nco dheev pom tias nws tus kheej tuaj yeem qhia nws txoj kev xav li no. Tib hmo ntawd, nws tau sau nws thawj zaj paj huam hauv Azerbaijani, tom qab ntawd nyeem lawv hauv Dagestan thiab Lezgi. Tus kws sau paj huam novice muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev sau ntawv, thiab yog li ntawd nws tau sau cov paj huam thiab nkauj hauvnco, qhia lawv rau cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg zej zog.

thawj zaj paj huam tiag tiag los ntawm Suleiman Stalsky suav tias yog "Nightingale", tsim nyob rau xyoo 1900.

Ntawm tsob txiv apple, hauv nplooj tuab, Nkauj nag hmo hu nkauj, Ntxim siab npaum li cas, koj lub suab zoo npaum li cas, O inspiring nightingale!

Nyob ntiaj teb no, Nyob zoo, zoo siab tam sim no.

Ah, koj tsis quav ntsej txog peb, Nyob zoo hmo ntuj!

Koj npaj siab saib tsis taus neeg

Ringing a hundred keys in the vaj.

Tab sis, neeg siab phem, koj khiav ntawm qhov txias.

txaj muag rau koj haughty nightingale!

Tau qhov twg koj yuav mus?

Tsis txhob ntshai!

Qhia rau kuv txog koj lub neej.

Tej zaum kuv yuav tshaib plab?

Be a frank nightingale.

Tab sis lub caij ntuj no koj tsis nyob, Nws yog lub caij ntuj no koj tsis nruj.

Koj khaws tag nrho koj cov xim, Kuv qhov kev sib piv tsis sib xws.

Ntawm no los nag…Hide away

Nyob rau hauv tus duab ntxoov ntxoo tuab, rau hauv hav zoov hmo ntuj!

Kuv tuaj yeem pab koj

Kuv tus npau suav phem?

Koj tsis paub qhov kawg ntawm kev hu, Koj tsis paub yuav ua li cas kom txias, Koj zoo li lub koob yees duab, Kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb nightingale!

Tsis nco qab kev mob siab!

Nrhiav lub zes! Nyob nrog kuv!

Thiab lub suab ntawm Suleiman hauv siab

Pour in, priceless nightingale!

Tsis ntev, txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam pib nthuav dav thoob plaws Dagestan, cov paj huam tau dhau los ntawm qhov ncauj mus rau qhov ncauj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws lub npe pseudonym kuj tuaj rau Suleiman: tsis paub lub npe, neegLawv hu nws los ntawm nws qhov chaw yug: thawj Ashaga-Stalsky, thiab tom qab ntawd tsuas yog Stalsky.

Txij li xyoo 1909, phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Suleiman Stalsky hais txog nws cov kev sib tw nrog cov neeg nto moo, uas nws yeej tsis poob ntsej muag.

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, tus kws sau paj huam Dagestan txawj ntse, uas tau qhuas txog kev ywj pheej thiab thuam kev ua qhev thiab cov nplua nuj, tau txais kev saib xyuas hnyav. Tag nrho cov kev xyiv fab ntawm cov neeg ib txwm hais txog qhov kev hloov ntawm lub hwj chim tau hais nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus yooj yim thiab ncaj ncees ntawm Suleiman Stalsky. Cov lus hais ntawm All-Union Animal Breeding Congress yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tus kws sau paj huam: Joseph Stalin nws tus kheej tau mloog nws cov paj huam los ntawm thawj tswj hwm. Kev txhais cov paj huam los ntawm cov lus Lezgi rau hauv Lavxias pib tshwm nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntawv xov xwm, feem ntau nyob rau hauv Pravda thiab Izvestiya.

Tam sim no xyoo 1927, "Kev sau cov paj huam Lezgi" tau luam tawm hauv Moscow. Nws suav nrog cov paj huam los ntawm Suleiman Staalsky. Nws txoj haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam Lavxias thaum lub sijhawm ntawd rau lub siab dawb paug thiab muaj peev xwm ua si nrog cov lus.

Xyoo 1934, Suleiman Stalsky tau raug xaiv los ntawm Dagestan ua tus sawv cev rau thawj Pawg Neeg Sau Ntawv ntawm Pawg Neeg Sau Ntawv. Maxim Gorky, uas txaus siab rau Stalsky txoj haujlwm, hu nws "Homer ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th". Gorky thiab Stalsky hauv daim duab hauv qab no.

Kev lees paub thiab khoom plig

Los ntawm 1917 txog 1936, zaj dab neeg ntawm Suleiman Stalsky suav nrog ntau zaj paj huam thiab paj huam rau Stalin, Ordzhonikidze, Dagestan, Red Army, lub neej nyob rau hauv lub USSR, lub Bolsheviks. Nyob rau hauv noThaum Stalsky khaws tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm tshwj xeeb rau hauv lub cim xeeb, tus paub zoo Lezgi linguist Gadzhibek Gadzhibekov tau sau nws cov paj huam. Tau ob peb teev, thiab qee zaum rau ob peb hnub, Gadzhibekov tau sau cov paj huam uas Suleiman Stalsky tau hais rau nws, leej twg paub yuav ua li cas khaws cia hauv nws lub taub hau ntau txhiab kab tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv 1936, nyob rau hauv nws tsab xov xwm ntawm Stalsky, Gadzhibekov tau tawm tsam hu Suleiman ib tug ashug. Suleiman Stalsky nws tus kheej kuj tawm tsam lub npe ntawm ashug, hu nws tus kheej ib tug kws sau paj huam thiab sau.

Nyob rau hauv 1934 Staalsky tau tshaj tawm hais tias Neeg Poet ntawm Dagestan, thiab nyob rau hauv 1936 tus kws sau paj lug tau txais qhov Order of Lenin.

Memory

Suleiman Stalsky tuag rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 23, 1937 hauv Makhachkala (Dagestan). Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg kws sau paj lug, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm nws tuag, lub Dagestan lub zos ntawm Samurkent tau renamed Stalskoe, lub npe tau khaws cia rau hnub no. Nyob rau hauv 1969, lub Kasumentsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Dagestan tau renamed lub Suleiman-Stalsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub sij hawm rau coincide nrog lub centenary ntawm tus kws sau paj lug yug, nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo muaj ib tug commemorative stamp nrog ib tug portrait ntawm Stalsky. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev hauv Dagestan, Rostov-on-Don, Omsk, Novorossiysk muaj npe tom qab tus kws sau paj huam, Republican nqi zog hauv kev sau ntawv thiab Lub Xeev Lezgin Musical Theatre yog Stalsky. Lub cim nco txog ntawm Stalsky tau tsim tsa hauv Makhachkala.

Nkauj ntseeg tawm tshiab

Xyoo 1957, ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab raug tua los ntawm Baku zaj duab xis studio,Kev tshuaj ntsuam txog keeb kwm ntawm Suleiman Stalsky, hu ua "Yog li zaj nkauj tau yug los." Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv Azerbaijani, qhia los ntawm Mikayil Mikayilov thiab Rza Tahmasib. Cov zajlus yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub neej cov dab neeg thiab nco txog Suleiman nws tus kheej, dab neeg ntawm nws tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg, raws li zoo raws li "Perables txog Stalsky" - me me Dagestan qhia thiab funny dab neeg, lub ntsiab cim ntawm uas yog tus kws sau paj lug. Cov lus piv txwv no tau los ua ib feem ntawm Dagestani cov dab neeg los ntawm xyoo 1930 mus txog rau thaum tsov rog. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Suleiman Stalsky ua si los ntawm actor Konstantin Slanov. Ib daim duab los ntawm zaj duab xis hauv daim duab hauv qab no.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov yeeb yaj kiab tau tso tawm xim, txawm hais tias nws yog qhov tsis tshua muaj rau Azerbaijani xinesmas thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.