Exhibition of degenerate art and music. Degenerate art yog

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub sijhawm Nazi rau avant-garde art yog "degenerate art". Adolf Hitler suav tias yog cov kos duab Bolshevik, cov neeg Yudais, tawm tsam kev sib raug zoo, thiab yog li ntawd txaus ntshai heev rau Aryans.

Sib ntaus tawm tsam degenerates

Txoj cai tswjfwm kev cai ntawm Hitler tsoomfwv txwv thiab rhuav tshem txhua yam haujlwm ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub no, thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam lawv tus kheej raug tsim txom thiab raug tsim txom. Tus Minister of Propaganda thiab Education ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, Joseph Goebbels, tau koom tes nrog kev tawm tsam tawm tsam degenerate art.

Lub 1937 exhibition ntawm degenerate art nyob rau hauv Berlin yuav tsum tau qhia yuav ua li cas qias neeg thiab tawm ntawm qhov chaw xws li tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem hu cov haujlwm no avant-garde, tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd cov Nazis suav tias lawv tus kheej avant-garde, uas yog, mus tom ntej.

Degenerate art. Paintings txwv

Cov duab degenerate uas nthuav tawm hauv cov duab kos tau pom tib neeg cov duab distorted, tsis zoo, lossis txawm tias tsis tuaj. Qhov no tau ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv cov khoom pov thawj uas tsis pom zoo. ATCov neeg sau ntawv raug thuam vim kev txo qis ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab kev zoo nkauj, tsis kam txhawb nqa nrog lawv cov haujlwm, hu rau kev ua yeeb yam, tsa lub siab ntawm tib neeg.

Tus txiv neej zoo meej hauv kev kos duab thiab lub neej

Lub tswv yim ntawm Nazi ntawm ib tug neeg zoo meej zoo ib yam li ntau tus kws tshawb fawb uas piav txog cov neeg muaj zog, noj qab haus huv thiab zoo nkauj. Txawm nyob rau hauv Hellas thaum ub lawv hu nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm tib neeg lub cev, ob lub cev thiab sab ntsuj plig zoo tag nrho.

Tus tib neeg lub cev zoo nkauj raws li qhov kawg ntawm kev kos duab tau tshawb pom los ntawm Lessing thiab Hoggart, Leonardo thiab Dürer. Lawv tej hauj lwm txawm piav txog qhov zoo tagnrho proportions ntawm tib neeg lub cev, uas rov coj peb rov qab mus rau kev sib haum xeeb ntawm ancient sij hawm, uas tau txhawb los ntawm Nazis. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev sib haum xeeb no, lub purity ntawm haiv neeg, degenerate kos duab raug rau xws li kev thuam hnyav. Nws txhais tau hais tias cov duab raug rau txim rau kev thuam ib tug neeg, qhia qhov degradation ntawm tus cwj pwm, nws yog qhov tseeb uas tau raug txim, thiab tsis yog tag nrho cov avant-garde art thiab innovation.

Ib zaug, Klee tau hais kom txav deb ntawm kev vam meej rov qab mus rau cov hauv paus tseeb ntawm tib neeg, kwv yees tias kev tawg ntawm Western kab lis kev cai. Tseeb tiag, ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau mob siab rau kev muaj tswv yim ntawm haiv neeg, kev mob siab rau shamanism thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov haiv neeg qus. Txawv txawv raws li nws zoo li, qhov kev hu xov tooj rau txhua qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam smoothed tshaj qhov kev iab liam ntawm kev tsim cov duab degenerate.

Kev ua phem

Ua ntej Hitler, ntau tus neeg raug tximkos duab uas degrades tib neeg lub meej mom, ib tug zoo tagnrho duab, tab sis yeej tsis tau muaj xws li tsim txom thiab extermination ua ntej. Yuav ua li cas nws yuav, degenerate kos duab ciaj sia, peb tseem xav txog nws nrog kev txaus siab, txawm tias tsis yog ib txwm muaj kev nkag siab, ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Tej hauj lwm rau txim los ntawm cov Nazis tau lees paub tias yog masterpieces ntawm kos duab. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis muaj leej twg rhuav tshem tej hauj lwm uas tsis pom zoo, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom ntawm degenerate art seized los ntawm Nazis raug muag nyob rau hauv America, thiab ib co hlawv nyob rau hauv hluav taws.

Heroes ntawm txawv sijhawm

Txhua lub sijhawm hauv kev txhim kho kab lis kev cai tawm hauv qab tus duab meej ntawm ib tus neeg, qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm tsis yog cov kws ua yeeb yam, tab sis kuj yog cov kws sau ntawv, cov kws tshaj lij, cov kws tshaj lij, cov tswv yim. Lub sijhawm hloov pauv, thiab cov duab ntawm tus neeg zoo tagnrho hloov nrog nws.

Italy ntawm Renaissance tshuav daim duab ntawm lub tsev so, neeg dawb huv, tub lag luam. Lub teb chaws Yelemees sawv cev rau cov duab ntawm tus xibhwb, ib tug neeg nyob hauv nroog. England - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tiag tiag txiv neej. Spain - nyob rau hauv ib tug monastic duab los yog nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm ib tug noble hidalgo. Russia nrog cov duab ntawm ib tug builder, txawj ntse, ib tug tub rog. Txawv teb chaws, txawv eras muaj lawv tus kheej dluab, zoo nkauj thiab cus ciav, nco rau lawv naturalness.

Cov Nazis, uas tau sim tsim txhua tus hauv kab, xav tau kev txiav txim siab hauv txhua yam, suav nrog kev kos duab. Kev lag luam zoo sib xws nrog kev xav txog kev nom kev tswv, qhov no xav tau kev ntseeg siab, thiab kev kos duab degenerate tsis tau muab qhov av ntawd. Tsis muaj coob tus neeg nyiam cov duab zoo li no, vim li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov zej zog tau nqa mus los ntawm pseudo-classical art nyob rau hauv txoj kev nkag siab.nthuav tawm daim ntawv. Yog li, degenerate art yog txhua yam uas tsis haum rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib txwm pom ntawm Nazis.

Degenerate art thiab music exhibitions

Ib qho kev nthuav qhia nyob rau hauv Munich los qhia txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov duab zoo li no ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab loj, nrog ntau dua peb lab tus neeg tuaj xyuas nws hauv lub xyoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rau qhov sib txawv ntau dua, kev nthuav qhia "The Greatest German Art" tau tuav hauv Palace of Arts. Lub exhibition nthuav tawm ntau tshaj 900 qhov khoom pov thawj, tus kheej xaiv los ntawm Adolf Hitler. Cov canvases piav qhia cov tub rog taug kev nrog cov chij German, scenes ntawm lub neej nyob deb nroog thiab nroog, cov poj niam liab qab nrog tus cwj pwm Nordic zoo li, thiab ntau yam uas, hauv lub tswv yim ntawm Nazis, tuaj yeem nyiam cov pej xeem German. Tau ntau xyoo ntawm kev tsim txom, Hitler tau tswj hwm kom muaj kev txaus siab uas tsis tau pom dua hauv daim duab ntawm avant-garde.

Ntxiv rau cov duab kos duab, duab puab, suab paj nruag, thiab xinesmas raug ntaus nqi rau kev kos duab degenerate. Txhua yam uas Nazis xav tias yog qhov tsis zoo, tsis tsim nyog, qis, raug cais raws li degenerate art.

Xyoo 1938, Nazis tau qhib qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov suab paj nruag degenerate hauv Düsseldorf! Nws txoj haujlwm yog los txhawb kev ntxub ntxaug rau cov suab paj nruag tsis tsim nyog thiab lawv cov kws sau ntawv. Muaj tau nthuav tawm cov duab tas luav, cov ntawv tshaj tawm, cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas tawm tsam cov suab paj nruag tsis txaus ntseeg thiab nws cov neeg tsim. Txawm tias tshwj xeeb lub rooj muag khoom tau nruab qhov twg ib tus neeg tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau tias cov suab paj nruag no degenerate los ntawm kev mloognws. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Stravinsky thiab Hindemith, Mendelssohn thiab Offenbach tau muab cais ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Lub Threepenny Opera raug txwv vim tus sau nkauj yog neeg Yudais. Jazz suab paj nruag kuj tau suav hais tias yog qhov tsis zoo, vim nws koom nrog African Asmeskas, thiab qhov no yog ib haiv neeg tawm tsam rau Nazi tsoom fwv.

Yooj yim ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem

Lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam tau teem sijhawm los ua ke nrog "Imperial Musical Congress", uas muaj nyob hauv Düsseldorf, txhawm rau rov ua qhov sib piv, ib yam li cov duab kos duab. Cov Nazis tau txhawj xeeb txog kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm Asmeskas suab paj nruag rau cov pej xeem German. Tab sis tseem, thaum xaiv cov neeg sib tw rau degenerates, Thib Peb Reich ua qhov muag ntawm txoj cai txawv teb chaws. Ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm qhov no yog Hungarian anti-fascist composer Bartok. Txawm hais tias tag nrho nws cov lus hais txog kev tswj hwm Nazi, nws tsis yog tsuas yog txwv tsis pub, tab sis nws txoj haujlwm txuas ntxiv ua tiav thoob plaws lub tebchaws, txij li cov neeg Hungarians thaum lub sijhawm ntawd yog cov phooj ywg ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Tsis zoo li Degenerate Art Exhibition, Degenerate Music Exhibition tsis muaj kev vam meej, thiab tom qab peb lub lis piam nws kaw tag nrho. Thiab tej hauj lwm ntawm qhov zoo "degenerates" tseem yog masterpieces hnub no.